MISSOURI SPECIES AND COMMUNITIES* OF CONSERVATION CONCERN Checklist Peregrine falcon JANUARY 2018 * Terrestrial Natural Communities. Does not include aquatic, geologic or cave communities. SCI077 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...................................................................................................................................................... 2 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................................................. 3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................................................... 4 SPECIES CHANGES ............................................................................................................................................................ 8 TERRESTRIAL NATURAL COMMUNITIES .................................................................................................................. 12 THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES IN MISSOURI ................................................................................... 15 SPECIES AND STATUSES LICHENS .............................................................................................................................................................. 17 LIVERWORTS AND HORNWORTS.................................................................................................................. 17 MOSSES ................................................................................................................................................................ 18 FERNS AND FERN ALLIES ............................................................................................................................... 21 FLOWERING PLANTS ........................................................................................................................................ 22 FLATWORMS ...................................................................................................................................................... 35 MOLLUSKS .......................................................................................................................................................... 35 ARACHNIDS ........................................................................................................................................................ 36 CRUSTACEANS .................................................................................................................................................. 36 MILLIPEDES ........................................................................................................................................................ 37 INSECTS ............................................................................................................................................................... 38 FISH ....................................................................................................................................................................... 40 AMPHIBIANS ...................................................................................................................................................... 42 REPTILES ............................................................................................................................................................. 42 BIRDS (See Appendix A for tracking criteria) ..................................................................................................... 43 MAMMALS .......................................................................................................................................................... 44 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................................... 46 FOR MORE INFORMATION (including Webpage and Citation) ..................................................................................... 50 APPENDIX A: BIRD SPECIES TRACKED IN MONHP AND THEIR CRITERIA FOR EOs ...................................... 51 PLANTS OF CONSERVATION CONCERN REPORTING FORM ................................................................................ 53 ANIMALS OF CONSERVATION CONCERN REPORTING FORM ............................................................................. 54 TERRESTRIAL NATURAL COMMUNITY REPORTING FORM ............................................................................. 55 AQUATIC NATURAL COMMUNITY REPORTING FORM ....................................................................................... 56 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The following individuals contributed to the development of this document: Bruce Allen (Missouri Botanical Garden-MOBOT), Mike Arduser (Missouri Department of Conservation-MDC-retired), John Atwood (MOBOT), Alan Brant, John Brinda (MOBOT), Jeff Briggler (MDC), Malissa Briggler (MDC), Christopher Brown (Monsanto), Steve Buback (MDC), Dorothy Butler (MDC), Rick Clawson (MDC-retired), Bob DiStefano (MDC), Bill Elliott (MDC-retired), Tony Elliott (MDC), Randy Evans (MDC), Debby Fantz (MDC), Susan Farrington (MDC), Dennis Figg (MDC-retired), Jane Fitzgerald (Partners In Flight), Matt Gompper (University of Missouri - Columbia), Lonnie Hansen (MDC-retired), Janet Haslerig (MDC), Nels Holmberg (MOBOT), Peggy Horner (Ozark Regional Land Trust), Bob Hrabik (MDC), Vicki Jackson (University of Central Oklahoma), Brad Jacobs (MDC-retired), Tom Johnson (MDC-retired), Harold Kerns (MDC-retired), Dave Knuth (MDC), Phil Koenig, Jeff Koppelman (MDC-retired), Doug Ladd (The Nature Conservancy), Mike Leahy (MDC), Bill Mabee (MDC), Ted MacRae (Monsanto), Paul McKenzie (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-USFWS), Stephen McMurray (MDC), Elizabeth Middleton (MDC), Tim Nigh (MDC-retired), Doug Novinger (MDC), Elizabeth Olson (MDC), William Pflieger (MDC-retired), Barry Poulton (U.S. Geological Survey), Lynn Robbins (Missouri State University-retired), Randy Sarver (Department of Natural Resources), John Scheibe (Southeast Missouri State University), Tim Smith (MDC-retired), Janet Sternburg (MDC), Bill Summers, Richard Thoma (Monsanto- retired), Dana Thomas (Institute of Botanical Training-IBT), Justin Thomas (IBT), James Trager (MOBOT, Shaw Nature Reserve), Jacob Westhoff (MDC), Kathryn Womack (MDC), George Yatskievych (UT Austin). NOTICE: Please submit reports of all sightings of species and natural communities listed in this checklist on the forms provided in the back of this checklist. Special criteria apply to birds and reports should follow the guidelines listed in Appendix A. 2 INTRODUCTION The Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) is charged with the protection and management of Missouri’s fish, forest, and wildlife resources. In the brief time since the settlement of Missouri, many plants and animals have declined to levels of concern and some have disappeared entirely. The species cataloged in this checklist represent 18 percent of the native vascular plants, 14 percent of the nonvascular plants, 28 percent of the vertebrate animals, and an unknown percentage of the native invertebrate species in Missouri. Together, the animals, plants, and natural communities represent Missouri’s biological diversity—a natural heritage worth protecting. The Department maintains two references relating to the status of listed plants and animals in Missouri: the Missouri Species and Communities of Conservation Concern Checklist (Checklist) and the Wildlife Code of Missouri (Code). The Checklist is used mainly for planning and communication purposes. All native animal species in the State of Missouri are protected as biological diversity elements unless a method of legal harvest, harm or take is described in the Code. All native plant species in the State of Missouri are protected as biological diversity elements only on land owned by the Missouri Department of Conservation. Species listed in the Code under 3 CSR 10-4.111 and all federally listed endangered and threatened plants and animals protected by the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) are protected by the State Endangered Species Law 252.240. Some additional plants and animals in this Checklist also appear in the Code and are afforded special legal protection. How to use the checklist The checklist, developed with the cooperation of specialists throughout the state, is a list of plants, animals, and natural communities that MDC is particularly concerned about due to population declines or apparent vulnerability. The global and state ranks indicate the level of concern for each Element’s (i.e., a species or type of natural community) continued existence throughout its range and in Missouri, respectively. Global ranks are assigned by the Natural Heritage/Conservation Data Center personnel and/or NatureServe. State Ranks in Missouri are assigned by the Missouri Natural Heritage Program within the Missouri Department of Conservation. The Global and State Ranking System methodology was developed and provided by The Nature Conservancy, Conservation Science Division, in association with the Network of Natural Heritage Programs and Conservation Data Centers. The checklist is arranged by broad taxonomic groups (e.g., terrestrial natural communities, flowering plants, insects, fish, and mammals). Within each group, species are arranged alphabetically by their scientific names and terrestrial natural communities by community type. Each Element is identified by its scientific name, common name, state rank, global rank, state status, and federal status. 3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS FEDERAL STATUS The federal status is derived from the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, which is administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Passage of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 gave the United States one of the most important laws ever enacted by any country to prevent the extinction of imperiled animals and plants. Protecting endangered and threatened species and restoring them to the condition where their existence is no longer jeopardized is the primary objective of the USFWS Endangered Species Program. E: Endangered: Any species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. T: Threatened: Any species which is likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future. C: Candidate: Plants or animals which USFWS is reviewing for possible addition to the list of endangered and threatened species. PE: Proposed Endangered: Species officially proposed for listing as endangered; final ruling not yet made. PT: Proposed Threatened: Species officially proposed for listing as threatened; final ruling not yet made. SAT: Threatened due to similarity of appearance: Species is listed for its protection due to similarity of appearance with another listed species. Species listed as SAT are not biologically threatened. STATE STATUS Rule 3CSR10-4.111 of the Wildlife Code of Missouri and certain state statutes apply to state Code-listed species. E: Endangered: Determined by MDC under constitutional authority. GLOBAL RANK (GRANK) Global ranks are assigned and maintained by the Natural Heritage/Conservation Data Center and/or NatureServe. A numeric rank (G1 through G5) of relative imperilment based on standard rank factors: the estimated number of Element Occurrences (EOs) throughout the Element's global, national, or subnational range; the estimated numbers of those EOs with good viability; the estimated abundance of the Element (measured in terms of population for species Elements as well as occupied area or linear distance for both species and communities); the estimated size of the Element's range; the short- and long-term trends in the Element's distribution over its range; the estimated number of adequately protected EOs throughout the Element's range globally, nationally, or subnationally; the scope, severity, and immediacy of threats to the Element; the vulnerability of the Element to intrusion; and the specificity of the Element’s environmental requirements. 4 GLOBAL RANK (Cont.) G1: Critically Imperiled: At very high risk of extinction or elimination due to extreme rarity, very steep declines, or other factors. G2: Imperiled: At high risk of extinction or elimination due to very restricted range, very few populations or occurrences, steep declines, or other factors. G3: Vulnerable: At moderate risk of extinction or elimination due to a restricted range, relatively few populations or occurrences, recent and widespread declines, or other factors. G4: Apparently Secure: Uncommon but not rare; some cause for long-term concern due to declines or other factors. G5: Secure: Common; widespread and abundant. G#G#: Range Rank: A numeric range rank (e.g., G2G3) is used to indicate uncertainty about the exact status of a taxon. Ranges cannot skip more than two ranks (e.g., GU should be used rather than G1G4). GU: Unrankable: Currently unrankable due to lack of information or due to substantially conflicting information about status or trends. Note: Whenever possible (when the range of uncertainty is three consecutive ranks or less), a range rank (e.g., G2G3) should be used to delineate the limits (range) of uncertainty. GNR: Unranked: Global rank not yet assessed. GH: Possibly Extinct: Known from only historical occurrences but still some hope of rediscovery. There is evidence that the species may be extinct but not enough to state this with certainty. Examples of such evidence include (1) that a species has not been documented in approximately 20-40 years despite some searching or some evidence of significant habitat loss or degradation; and (2) that a species has been searched for unsuccessfully, but not thoroughly enough to presume that it is extinct. GX: Presumed Extinct: Not located despite intensive searches and virtually no likelihood of rediscovery. SUBRANK: T#: Infraspecific Taxon (binomial): Rank applies to a subspecies or variety. Rules for assigning T- ranks follow the same principles outlined above. QUALIFIERS: ?: Inexact Numeric Rank: Denotes inexact numeric rank; it is not used in combination with range ranks, GH, or GX. Q: Questionable Taxonomy: Distinctiveness of this entity as a taxon at the current level is questionable; resolution of this uncertainty may result in change from a species to a subspecies or hybrid, inclusion of this taxon in another taxon, with the resulting taxon having a lower-priority (numerically higher) conservation status rank. 5 STATE RANK Assigning national and subnational conservation status ranks for species and ecosystems (ecological communities and systems) follows the same general principles as used in assigning global status ranks. Subnational ranks are assigned and maintained by the Missouri Natural Heritage Program (MONHP). S1: Critically Imperiled: Critically imperiled in the state because of extreme rarity or because of some factor(s) such as very steep declines making it especially vulnerable to extirpation from the state. S2: Imperiled: Imperiled in the state because of rarity due to very restricted range, very few populations or occurrences, steep declines, or other factors making it very vulnerable to extirpation from the state. S3: Vulnerable: Vulnerable in the state due to a restricted range, relatively few populations or occurrences, recent and widespread declines, or other factors making it vulnerable to extirpation. S4: Apparently Secure: Uncommon but not rare; some cause for long-term concern due to declines or other factors. S5: Secure: Common, widespread, and abundant in the state. S#S#: Range Rank: A numeric range rank (e.g., S2S3) is used to indicate any range of uncertainty about the status of the species. Ranges cannot skip more than two ranks (e.g., SU is used rather than S1S4). SU: Unrankable: Currently unrankable due to lack of information or due to substantially conflicting information about status or trends. S?: Unranked: State rank not yet assessed. SE: Exotic: An exotic established in the state; may be native in nearby regions (e.g., house finch or catalpa in eastern U.S.). SA: Accidental: Accidental or casual in the state, in other words, infrequent and outside its usual range. Includes species (usually birds or butterflies) recorded once or only a few times at a location. A few of these species may have bred on the one or two occasions they were recorded. Examples include European strays or western birds on the East Coast and vice-versa. SP: Potential: Potential that the species occurs in the state, but no extant or historic occurrences are accepted. SR: Reported: Species reported in the state but without a basis for either accepting or rejecting the report, or the report not yet reviewed locally. Some of these are very recent discoveries for which the Program has not yet received first-hand information; others are old, obscure reports. SRF: Reported Falsely: Species erroneously reported in the state and the error has persisted in the literature. 6 STATE RANK (Cont.) SH: Possibly Extirpated: Known from only historical records but still some hope of rediscovery. There is evidence that the species may no longer be present in the state, but not enough information to state this with certainty. Examples of such evidence include (1) that a species has not been documented in approximately 20-40 years despite some searching or some evidence of significant habitat loss or degradation; and (2) that a species has been searched for unsuccessfully, but not thoroughly enough to presume that it is no longer present in the state. SX: Presumed Extirpated: Species is believed to be extirpated from the state. Not located despite intensive searches of historical sites and other appropriate habitat, and virtually no likelihood that it will be rediscovered. QUALIFIERS: ?: Inexact or Uncertain: Denotes inexact or uncertain rank; this should not be used with range ranks, SH, or SX. 7 SPECIES CHANGES STATUS CHANGES PLANTS Carex atherodes (Awned Sedge) from S1 to SH. No extant populations are documented and the species has not been reported in MO for more than 25 years. Carex aquatilis var. substricta (A Sedge) from S1 to SH. No extant populations are documented and the species has not been reported in MO for more than 25 years. Carex longii (Greenish-white Sedge) from S1 to SH. No extant populations are documented and the species has not been reported in MO for more than 25 years. Carex sprengelii (Longbeak Sedge) from S1 to S2. Surveys indicate that it is more common and widely spread than implied by an S1 rank. Carex sychnocephala (A Sedge) from S1 to SH. No extant populations are documented and the species has not been reported in MO for more than 25 years. Cyperus hystricinus (Flatsedge) from S1 to S2. Surveys indicate that it is more common and widely spread than implied by an S1 rank. Cyperus plukenetii (Plukenet’s Cyperus) from S1 to S2. Surveys indicate that it is more common and widely spread than implied by an S1 rank. Desmodium strictum (Pineland Tick Trefoil) from S1 to S2 due to long-term surveys indicating that several populations are stable. Dichanthelium yadkinense (A Panic Grass) from SH to S1 due to three recent discoveries by Alan Brant , Justin Thomas, and Rick Gray. Echinacea angustifolia (Narrow-leaved Coneflower) from SH to S1. Recently discovered by Steve Buback and Justin Thomas in Atchison Co. Fimbristylis littoralis var. littoralis (A Fimbristylis) from S1? to S1. Recently discovered by Brad Pendley (FWS) at Mingo NWR. This was the first documented population since 1993. Galium asprellum (Rough Bedstraw) from SU to SH. One documented location from DeKalb Co. in 1953. Ludwigia linearis (Narrow-leaved Primrose) from SU to S1. First population documented since 1894 by Justin Thomas in Dade Co. Lycopus uniflorus (Northern Bugleweed) from S2? to S1. Several voucher specimens from MO have been redetermined to be L. x sherardii. Schoenoplectus etuberculatus (Canby’s Bulrush) from S1 to SH. No extant records are documented and the species has not been reported in MO for more than 25 years. Schoenoplectus purshianus (Weakstalk Bulrush) from S1 to S2. Recent discoveries have resulted in 8 known populations. 8 STATUS CHANGES (Cont.) PLANTS (Cont.) Scirpus pedicellatus (A Bulrush) from SU to S2. Recent surveys indicate that the species should be considered vulnerable with at least 5-10 populations found in MO. Tipularia discolor (Cranefly Orchid) from S2 to S3. There are more than 15 documented populations in MO with reports of additional sites. FISH Etheostoma cragini (Arkansas Darter) removal of “C” as the USFWS 2016 decision to remove from the Federal Candidate List after additional surveys located the species at numerous additional sites and in new areas. MAMMALS Myotis lucifugus (Little Brown Myotis) from S3 to S2. Once common across the state, the little brown myotis has continued to decline dramatically within Missouri and across the eastern part of its range, resulting from impacts of White-nose Syndrome. Myotis septentrionalis (Northern Long-eared Myotis) from S2 to S1 due to continued statewide population declines resulting from impacts of White-nose Syndrome. ADDITIONS PLANTS Mosses Fissidens hallianus (A moss) added as S2. Recently found by John Atwood, John Brenda, and Nels Holmberg at three locations in Pemiscot and Mississippi counties. Funaria americana (American Funaria Moss) added as SU. Only one location known from Missouri (Cedar county) and very few from other nearby states. Vascular Plants Agrostis scabra (Rough Bentgrass) added as S1. Only one documented location in MO and found by Justin Thomas in Barton Co. Andropogon hirsutior (Bushy Bluestem) added as SU due to recent discoveries in Barton and Newton counties and on Crowley’s Ridge in southeastern MO. Carex missouriensis (Missouri Sedge) added as SU. Noted as rare by field experts and there is a lack of documented populations that have been confirmed extant. Eleocharis bifida (Glades Spikerush) added as S1. Recently documented as new to the state by Justin Thomas in Howell Co. Eragrostis curtipedicellata (Gummy Lovegrass) added as S1. Only two populations have been recorded in MO, and they occur in Taney and Webster counties. It likely represents a range extension from the southern Great Plains although some consider it an introduced species to MO. Houstonia canadensis (Canadian Summer Bluet) added as S1. Four populations have been documented by Justin Thomas in Cape Girardeau, Franklin, Jefferson, and St. Louis counties. 9