Missouri State Energy Planning (MoSEP) Missouri Energy Data and Trends CJ■ MISSOURI m DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF ENERGY 01-2021 PUB2887 Table of Contents Introduction.............................................................................................................................. i 1. Overview and Total Energy Statistics................................................................................... 1 2. Energy Consumption, Prices and Expenditures ..................................................................... 6 a. End Use Characteristics................................................................................................... 6 b. Electricity ......................................................................................................................12 i. Consumption (Retail Sales) and Customers ..................................................................13 ii. Prices and Expenditures (Revenue) ..............................................................................16 c. Natural Gas....................................................................................................................24 i. Consumption (Deliveries) ............................................................................................25 ii. Residential Prices ........................................................................................................27 d. Transportation Sector .....................................................................................................29 e. Propane and Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids ...........................................................................31 f. Coal...............................................................................................................................34 3. Energy Production..............................................................................................................37 a. Electric Generation Portfolio ..........................................................................................37 i. Capacity......................................................................................................................37 ii. Generation ..................................................................................................................44 b. Coal, Oil, and Gas ..........................................................................................................47 c. Bioenergy ......................................................................................................................50 4. Additional Statistics ...........................................................................................................54 a. Jobs ...............................................................................................................................54 b. Ratings and Rankings.....................................................................................................55 c. Emissions ......................................................................................................................56 5. Notes .................................................................................................................................66 Table of Figures Figure 1.1. Primary Energy Consumption in Missouri by Fuel Source, 2018.............................. 4 Figure 1.2. Energy Consumption in Missouri by End-Use Sector, 2018 ..................................... 5 Figure 2.1. Home Heating Fuel Used in Missouri, the West North Central Division and Comparison States (2014-2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates) ...................... 6 Figure 2.2. Total Household Site Energy Consumption by End Use in the U.S., 2015 ................ 7 Figure 2.3. Total Household Site Energy Consumption by End Use in the West North Central Division, 2015 ......................................................................................................................... 8 Figure 2.4. Total Major Fuel Consumption by End Use in Commercial Buildings in the U.S., 2012........................................................................................................................................ 9 Figure 2.5. Total Major Fuel Consumption by End Use in Commercial Buildings in the West North Central Division, 2012 ..................................................................................................10 Figure 2.6. Jurisdictions With Local Residential Building Codes in Missouri............................11 Figure 2.7. Jurisdictions With Local Commercial Building Codes in Missouri ..........................12 Figure 2.8. Share of Retail Sales of Electricity in Missouri by Sector, 2008-2019 .....................13 Figure 2.9. Share of Retail Sales of Electricity by Sector in Missouri, the U.S. and Comparison States, 2019 ............................................................................................................................14 Figure 2.10. Investor-Owned Utilities’ Shares of Total Electric Customers in Missouri, 2018 ...15 Figure 2.11. Investor-Owned Utilities’ Shares of Total MWh Sales in Missouri, 2018 ..............16 Figure 2.12. Residential Average Electricity Prices in Missouri, the U.S. and Comparison States, 2019.......................................................................................................................................17 Figure 2.13. Residential Average Electricity Prices in Missouri, the U.S. and Comparison States, 2008-2019 ..............................................................................................................................18 Figure 2.14. Commercial Average Electricity Prices in Missouri, the U.S. and Comparison States, 2019 ............................................................................................................................19 Figure 2.15. Commercial Average Electricity Prices in Missouri, the U.S. and Comparison States, 2008-2019 ...................................................................................................................20 Figure 2.16. Industrial Average Electricity Prices in Missouri, the U.S. and Comparison States, 2019.......................................................................................................................................21 Figure 2.17. Industrial Average Electricity Prices in Missouri, the U.S. and Comparison States, 2008-2019 ..............................................................................................................................22 Figure 2.18. Share of Revenue From Retail Sales of Electricity in Missouri by Sector, 2008-2019 ..............................................................................................................................................23 Figure 2.19. Share of Revenue From Retail Sales of Electricity by Sector in Missouri, the U.S. and Comparison States, 2019 ..................................................................................................24 Figure 2.20. Share of Deliveries of Natural Gas to Consumers by Sector in Missouri, 2019.......25 Figure 2.21. Investor-Owned Utilities’ Shares of Total Natural Gas Customers in Missouri, 2018 ..............................................................................................................................................26 Figure 2.22. Investor-Owned Utilities’ Shares of Total Natural Gas Sales in Missouri, 2018 .....27 Figure 2.23. Residential Natural Gas Prices by State for Missouri, the U.S. and Comparison States, 2018. ...........................................................................................................................28 Figure 2.24. Residential Natural Gas Prices by State for Missouri, the U.S. and Comparison States, 2008-2018 ...................................................................................................................29 Figure 2.25. Petroleum Product Consumption for Transportation in Missouri, 2018 ..................30 Figure 2.26. Petroleum Product Expenditures for Transportation in Missouri, 2018 ..................31 Figure 2.27. Share of HGL Consumption by Sector in Missouri, 2018 ......................................32 Figure 2.28. Share of HGL Expenditures by Sector in Missouri, 2018 ......................................33 Figure 2.29. Weekly Heating Season Residential Propane Prices in Missouri, the Midwest and the U.S., January 2010 – March 2020 ......................................................................................34 Figure 2.30. Prices of Coal Shipments to the Electric Power Sector by State for Missouri, the U.S. and Comparison States, 2008-2019 ..................................................................................35 Figure 2.31. Prices of Coal for the Other Industrial Sector in Missouri, the U.S. and Select Comparison States, 2008-2019 ................................................................................................36 Figure 3.1. Share of In-State Generation Capacity by Fuel Source for Investor-Owned Utilities in Missouri, 2018 .......................................................................................................................38 Figure 3.2. Share of In-State Generation Capacity by Fuel Source for Municipal Utilities in Missouri, 2018 .......................................................................................................................39 Figure 3.3. Share of In-State Generation Capacity by Fuel Source for Rural Electric Cooperative Utilities in Missouri, 2018.......................................................................................................40 Figure 3.4. Share of In-State Generation Capacity by Fuel Source for Independent Power Producers in Missouri, 2018....................................................................................................41 Figure 3.5. Share of In-State Generation Capacity by Fuel Source in Missouri, the U.S. and Comparison States, 2018.........................................................................................................42 Figure 3.6. Installed Wind Capacity in Missouri and Comparison States, First Quarter of 2020 .43 Figure 3.7. Installed Solar Capacity in Missouri and Comparison States, Including Non-Utility Solar, Second Quarter of 2020 ................................................................................................44 Figure 3.8. Share of Net Electricity Generation in Missouri by Fuel Source, 2008-2019 ............45 Figure 3.9. Share of Net Electricity Generation by Fuel Source in Missouri, the U.S. and Comparison States, 2019.........................................................................................................46 Figure 3.10. Total Net Electricity Generation From Hydroelectricity, Utility-Scale Solar, Wind and Biomass in Missouri and Comparison States, 2019 ............................................................47 Figure 3.11. Coal Production in Missouri, 2001-2018 ..............................................................48 Figure 3.12. Natural Gas Production in Missouri, 2008-2019 ...................................................49 Figure 3.13. Oil Production in Missouri, 2008-2019.................................................................50 Figure 3.14. Ethanol Production Capacity in Missouri and Comparison States ..........................51 Figure 3.15. Annual Biodiesel Production Capacity in Missouri and Comparison States, May 2020.......................................................................................................................................52 Figure 3.16. Densified Biomass Fuel Manufacturing Capacity in Missouri and Select Comparison States, April 2020................................................................................................53 Figure 4.1. Share of Energy Employment by Major Technology Application in Missouri, the U.S. and Comparison States, 2019...........................................................................................54 Figure 4.2. SO Emissions From Fuel Combustion in the Electric Utilities Sector in Missouri and 2 Comparison States, 2019.........................................................................................................57 Figure 4.3. NO Emissions From Fuel Combustion in the Electric Utilities Sector in Missouri and x Comparison States, 2019.........................................................................................................58 Figure 4.4. SO Emissions From the Highway Vehicles Sector in Missouri and Comparison 2 States, 2019 ............................................................................................................................59 Figure 4.5. NO Emissions From the Highway Vehicles Sector in Missouri and Comparison x States, 2019 ............................................................................................................................60 Figure 4.6. SO Emissions From the Off-Highway Mobile Source Sector in Missouri and 2 Comparison States, 2019.........................................................................................................61 Figure 4.7. NO Emissions From the Off-Highway Mobile Source Sector in Missouri and x Comparison States, 2019.........................................................................................................62 Figure 4.8. Energy-Related CO Emissions per Unit of Energy Consumption in Missouri, the 2 U.S. and Comparison States, 2017...........................................................................................63 Figure 4.9. Energy-Related CO Emissions in Missouri and Comparison States, 2000-2017 ......64 2 Table of Tables Table 1.1. Summary Demographic, Economic and Energy Statistics for Missouri ...................... 2 Table 1.2. Energy Expenditures in Missouri, the U.S. and Comparison States, 2018 .................. 3 Table 3.1. In-State Generation Capacity by Utility or Entity Type in Missouri, 2018.................37 Table 4.1. ASCE Infrastructure Grades for Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Oklahoma, Tennessee and the U.S.........................................................55 Table 4.2. ACEEE Rankings for Missouri and Comparison States, 2019 ..................................56 Introduction This document includes recent summary data on energy production, consumption, prices and expenditures in Missouri, as well as comparisons to surrounding states (Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Oklahoma, Nebraska and Tennessee) and other Midwestern states (i.e., Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin). The Missouri Department of Natural Resources (Department) hopes that these data will be informative as stakeholders identify issues and develop recommendations to meet the state’s future energy needs. The department is also working to improve and enhance the reporting of Missouri-related energy data by placing timelier, interactive information on its website. This document is intended to provide an initial overview of Missouri energy data as part of the Missouri State Energy Planning (MoSEP) process. Section 1 provides an overview of Missouri demographic, economic and total energy data. Section 2 includes details on consumption, prices and expenditures for specific fuels and end-use sectors. Section 3 contains information on energy production. Section 4 provides additional data on energy jobs, rankings and emissions. Data sources for tables and charts are provided in the notes throughout this document. i 1. Overview and Total Energy Statistics Table 1.1 provides an overview of demographic, economic and energy statistics for Missouri.1 Missouri’s population of 6.14 million represents 1.87% of the U.S. total population.2 The state’s civilian labor force as of June 2020 was 3.0 million, which was 1.89% of the U.S. total.3 Missouri’s 2019 gross state product of $332.1 billion was above the U.S. median (excluding the District of Columbia).4 The state’s 2019 per capita personal income was 34th in the nation (including the District of Columbia).5 Compared to other states, Missouri has a relatively high proportion of land dedicated to agriculture, ranking 12th in the nation in 2017,6 and produces relatively little coal, oil, or natural gas.7, 8 When comparing usage and expenditures across states and the District of Columbia, two metrics to consider are the energy intensities of consumption and expenditures. These figures are indicative of energy usage and expenditures in relation to economic activity, and, like consumption and expenditures per capita, also enable normalized comparisons. At approximately 6,490 British thermal units (Btu) per real dollar of gross domestic product (GDP), Missouri ranked 23rd for energy intensity of consumption, with Iowa, Arkansas, Kentucky, Oklahoma, Indiana, Nebraska, Kansas and Tennessee having higher energy intensity figures.9 Energy expenditures as a percent of current dollar GDP were 7.40, placing Missouri at 24th in the nation and at a lower percentage than Arkansas, Kentucky, Oklahoma, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Tennessee and Nebraska.10 While the state ranked above the national median for overall consumption and expenditures in 2018,11 total consumption and expenditures per capita were below the national median.12 Table 1.2 compares energy expenditures in Missouri, the U.S., surrounding states, and Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio and Wisconsin. 1 Table 1.1. Summary Demographic, Economic and Energy Statistics for Missouri13 Demography Missouri Share of U.S. Reporting Period Population 6.14 million (est.) 1.87% (est.) 2019 Civilian Labor Force 3.0 million 1.89% Jun. 2020 Economy Missouri U.S. Rank Reporting Period Gross State Product $332.1 billion 22 2019 Per Capita Personal Income $49,589 34 2019 Land in Farms 27.8 million acres 12 2017 Production Missouri Share of U.S. Reporting Period Total Energy 245.4 trillion Btu (est.) 0.26% (est.) 2018 Crude Oil 82,000 barrels 0.002% 2019 Natural Gas 596,000 cubic feet -- 2019 Coal 189,000 short tons 0.027% 2019 Electric Power Missouri Share of U.S. Reporting Period Net Summer Capacity 21,101.3 MW 1.91% May 2020 Net Generation 76,473 GWh 1.86% 2019 End-Use Consumption and Missouri U.S. Rank Reporting Period Expenditures Total Consumption 1,848 trillion Btu 20 2018 Total Consumption per Capita 301.8 million Btu 27 2018 Total Expenditures $23,587 million 18 2018 Total Expenditures per Capita $3,853 31 2018 Sources: U.S. Census Bureau. 2019. “QuickFacts: United States; Missouri.” U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2020. “Missouri.” Economy at a Glance. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2020. “Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey.” Databases, Tables & Calculators by Subject. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2020. “SAGDP1 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) summary, annual by state.” Regional Economic Accounts – GDP and Personal Income. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. 2020. “Release Tables: Per Capita Personal Income by State, Annual.” Releases: State Per Capita Personal Income. U.S. Energy Information Administration. 2020. “Missouri State Energy Profile.” State Energy Data System. U.S. Energy Information Administration. 2020. “Table P2. Primary Energy Production Estimates in Trillion Btu, 2018.” State Energy Production Estimates: 1960 Through 2018. State Energy Data System. Page 4. U.S. Energy Information Administration. 2020. “Crude Oil Production.” Petroleum & Other Liquids. Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Missouri Geological Survey, Geological Survey Program. 2020. 2019 Annual Oil Production Figures. Page 1. U.S. Energy Information Administration. 2020. “Table 2. Coal production by state.” Quarterly Coal Report. April 1. Page 3. U.S. Energy Information Administration. 2020. “Table 6.2.A. Net Summer Capacity of Utility Scale Units by Technology and by State, May 2020 and 2019 (Megawatts).” Electric Power Monthly. July 24. Page 146. U.S. Energy Information Administration. 2020. “Net generation for all sectors.” Electricity Data Browser. U.S. Energy Information Administration. 2020. “Table C14. Total Energy Consumption Estimates per Capita by End-Use Sector, Ranked by State, 2018.” State Energy Data System. U.S. Energy Information Administration. 2020. “Table E15. Total Energy Price and Expenditure Estimates (Total, per Capita, and per GDP), Ranked by State, 2018.” State Energy Data System. 2 Table 1.2. Energy Expenditures in Missouri, the U.S. and Comparison States, 2018 Energy Expenditures as Percent Total Energy Energy Expenditures Per Capita of Current Dollar Gross Expenditures Domestic Product (billions) Value Rank Value Rank Missouri $23.6 $3,853 31 7.40 24 Arkansas $12.5 $4,156 21 9.74 9 Illinois $44.8 $3,522 39 5.18 42 Indiana $30.0 $4,486 16 8.19 20 Iowa $15.6 $4,955 6 8.23 19 Kansas $12.6 $4,328 19 7.49 21 Kentucky $19.7 $4,420 17 9.48 11 Michigan $36.0 $3,605 36 6.83 27 Minnesota $22.2 $3,966 24 6.03 36 Nebraska $9.2 $4,785 11 7.43 23 Ohio $44.3 $3,792 32 6.55 30 Oklahoma $17.1 $4,331 18 8.42 16 Tennessee $27.1 $4,001 23 7.44 22 Wisconsin $22.7 $3,909 28 6.75 28 U.S. $1,271.1 $3,891 N/A 6.18 N/A Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration. 2020. “Table E15. Total Energy Price and Expenditure Estimates (Total, per Capita, and per GDP), Ranked by State, 2018.” State Energy Data System. Figure 1.114 provides information on energy consumption in Missouri by fuel source in 2018. Coal, motor gasoline (excluding fuel ethanol) and natural gas were the three most-used energy resources.15 The transportation sector accounted for approximately 30.04% of the energy consumed in Missouri in 2018, while the residential, commercial and industrial sectors accounted for 30.09%, 23.14%, and 16.73% of consumption, respectively, as shown in Figure 1.2.16 Note that “HGL” stands for “hydrocarbon gas liquids,” which includes propane. 3