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All-In-One / CompTIA Security+® Certifcation Guide, Second Edition / Meyers / 002637-X / FM Blind Folio i Mike Meyers’ ® CompTIA Security+ Certifcation Guide Second Edition (Exam SY0-501) Mike Meyers Scott Jernigan New York Chicago San Francisco Athens London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi Singapore Sydney Toronto McGraw-Hill Education is an independent entity from CompTIA®. Tis publication and digital content may be used in assisting students to prepare for the CompTIA Security+® exam. Neither CompTIA nor McGraw-Hill Education warrants that use of this publication and digital content will ensure passing any exam. CompTIA and CompTIA Security+ are trademarks or registered trademarks of CompTIA in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. 00-FM.indd 1 02/11/17 4:08 PM Copyright © 2018 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. 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Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill Education and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. All-In-One / CompTIA Security+® Certifcation Guide, Second Edition / Meyers / 002637-X / FM Blind Folio iii A mi amiga, Marisol Galindo. Espero con ansias el día en que bebemos margaritas en tu casa en Cancún. —Mike A mi esposa, Katie. Te amo. —Scott 00-FM.indd 3 02/11/17 4:08 PM All-In-One / CompTIA Security+® Certifcation Guide, Second Edition / Meyers / 002637-X / FM Blind Folio iv ABOUT THE AUTHORS Mike Meyers, CompTIA A+®, CompTIA Network+®, CompTIA Security+, MCP, is the industry’s leading authority on CompTIA certifications and the best-selling author of nine editions of CompTIA A+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide (McGraw-Hill). He is the president and founder of Total Seminars, LLC, a major provider of PC and network repair seminars for thousands of organizations throughout the world, and a member of CompTIA. Scott Jernigan, CompTIA IT Fundamentals, CompTIA A+, CompTIA Network+, CompTIA Security+, MCP, is the author or co-author (with Mike Meyers) of over two dozen IT certification books, including CompTIA IT Fundamentals Certification All-in-One Exam Guide (McGraw-Hill). He has taught seminars on building, fixing, and securing computers and networks all over the United States, including stints at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia, and the UN Headquarters in New York City, New York. About the Technical Editor Matt Walker is currently working as a member of the Cyber Defense and Security Strategy team within DXC Technology. An IT security and education professional for more than 20 years, he has served as the director of the Network Training Center and a curriculum lead/senior instructor for Cisco Networking Academy on Ramstein AB, Germany, and as a network engineer for NASA’s Secure Network Systems (NSS), designing and main- taining secured data, voice, and video networking for the agency. Matt also worked as an instructor supervisor and senior instructor at Dynetics, Inc., in Huntsville, Alabama, providing on-site certification-awarding classes for (ISC)2, Cisco, and CompTIA, and after two years he came right back to NASA as an IT security manager for UNITeS, SAIC, at Marshall Space Flight Center. He has written and contributed to numerous technical training books for NASA, Air Education and Training Command, and the U.S. Air Force, as well as commercially, and he continues to train and write certification and college-level IT and IA security courses. 00-FM.indd 4 02/11/17 4:08 PM All-In-One / CompTIA Security+® Certifcation Guide, Second Edition / Meyers / 002637-X / FM Blind Folio v Becoming a CompTIA Certified IT Professional Is Easy It’s also the best way to reach greater professional opportunities and rewards. Why Get CompTIA Certified? Growing Demand Labor estimates predict some technology fields will experience growth of more than 20% by the year 2020. (Source: CompTIA 9th Annual Information Security Trends study: 500 U.S. IT and Business Executives Responsible for Security.) CompTIA certification qualifies the skills required to join this workforce. Higher Salaries IT professionals with certifications on their resume command better jobs, earn higher salaries, and have more doors open to new multi-industry opportunities. Verified Strengths Ninety-one percent of hiring managers indicate CompTIA certifications are valuable in validating IT expertise, making certification the best way to demonstrate your com- petency and knowledge to employers. (Source: CompTIA Employer Perceptions of IT Training and Certification.) Universal Skills CompTIA certifications are vendor neutral—which means that certified professionals can proficiently work with an extensive variety of hardware and software found in most organizations. 00-FM.indd 5 02/11/17 4:08 PM All-In-One / CompTIA Security+® Certifcation Guide, Second Edition / Meyers / 002637-X / FM Blind Folio vi Learn more about what Purchase a voucher at a Congratulations on your the exam covers by Pearson VUE testing center CompTIA certification! reviewing the following: or at CompTIAstore.com. • Make sure to add your • Exam objectives for • Register for your exam at a certification to your resume. key study points. Pearson VUE testing center. • Check out the CompTIA • Sample questions for a general • Visit pearsonvue.com/CompTIA to Certification Roadmap to plan overview of what to expect find the closest testing center to you. your next career move. on the exam and examples of question format. • Schedule the exam online. You will be required to enter your voucher • Visit online forums, like LinkedIn, to number or provide payment see what other IT professionals say information at registration. about CompTIA exams. • Take your certification exam. Learn More: Certification.CompTIA.org/securityplus CompTIA Disclaimer © 2016 CompTIA Properties, LLC, used under license by CompTIA Certifications, LLC. All rights reserved. All certification programs and education related to such programs are operated exclusively by CompTIA Certifications, LLC. CompTIA is a registered trademark of CompTIA Properties, LLC in the U.S. and internationally. Other brands and company names mentioned herein may be trademarks or service marks of CompTIA Properties, LLC or of their respective owners. Reproduction or dissemination of this courseware sheet is prohibited without written consent of CompTIA Properties, LLC. Printed in the U.S. 02544-Mar2016. The logo of the CompTIA Approved Quality Curriculum Program and the status of this or other training material as “Approved” under the CompTIA Approved Curriculum Program signifies that, in CompTIA’s opinion, such training material covers the content of CompTIA’s related certification exam. CompTIA has not reviewed or approved the accuracy of the contents of this training material and specifically disclaims any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. CompTIA makes no guarantee concerning the success of persons using any such “Approved” or other training material in order to prepare for any CompTIA certification exam. 00-FM.indd 6 02/11/17 4:08 PM All-In-One / CompTIA Security+® Certifcation Guide, Second Edition / Meyers / 002637-X / FM CTNO ETN S AT A GAL CN E Chapter 1 Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 2 Cryptography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Chapter 3 Identity and Access Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Chapter 4 Tools of the Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Chapter 5 Securing Individual Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Chapter 6 The Basic LAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Chapter 7 Beyond the Basic LAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Chapter 8 Secure Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 Chapter 9 Testing Your Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 Chapter 10 Dealing with Incidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 Appendix A Exam Objectives Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553 Appendix B About the Download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635 vii 00-FM.indd 7 02/11/17 4:08 PM All-In-One / CompTIA Security+® Certifcation Guide, Second Edition / Meyers / 002637-X / FM Blind Folio viii This page intentionally left blank 00-FM.indd 8 02/11/17 4:08 PM All-In-One / CompTIA Security+® Certifcation Guide, Second Edition / Meyers / 002637-X / FM CTNO ETN S Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix Chapter 1 Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Module 1-1: Defining Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Asset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Threat Actor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Vulnerability and Threat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Circling Back to the Risk Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 The Risk “Formula” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Risk and Threat Mitigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Module 1-2: Risk Management Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Security Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Risk Management Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Industry-Standard Frameworks and Reference Architectures . . . 14 Module 1-3: Security Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Phase Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Control Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Security Control Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Module 1-4: Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Concepts of Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Quantitative Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Qualitative Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Putting It All Together: Determining Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Risk Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Module 1-5: Business Impact Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 BIA Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Types of Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Locating Critical Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Calculating Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Calculating Downtime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Module 1-6: Data Security and Privacy Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Organizing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Legal and Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Data Destruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 ix 00-FM.indd 9 02/11/17 4:08 PM