SpringerSeries in MATERIALS SCIENCE SpringerSeries in MATERIALS SCIENCE Editors: R.Hull R.M.Osgood,Jr. J.Parisi H.Warlimont The Springer Series in Materials Science covers the complete spectrum of materials physics, includingfundamentalprinciples,physicalproperties,materialstheoryanddesign.Recognizing theincreasingimportanceofmaterialsscienceinfuturedevicetechnologies,thebooktitlesinthis series reflectthestate-of-the-artinunderstandingandcontrollingthestructureand properties ofallimportantclassesofmaterials. 61 FatigueinFerroelectricCeramics 70 Applicationsofthe IsotopicEffect andRelatedIssues inSolids ByD.C.Lupascu ByV.G.Plekhanov 62 Epitaxy 71 DissipativePhenomena PhysicalPrinciples inCondensedMatter andTechnicalImplementation SomeApplications ByM.A.Herman,W.Richter,andH.Sitter ByS.Dattaguptaand S.Puri 63 Fundamentals 72 PredictiveSimulation ofIon-IrradiatedPolymers ofSemiconductorProcessing ByD.Fink StatusandChallenges Editors:LDabrowskiand E.R.Weber 64 MorphologyControlofMaterials andNanoparticles 73 SiCPowerMaterials AdvancedMaterials Processing DevicesandApplications and Characterization Editor: Z.C.Feng Editors:Y.Wasedaand A.Muramatsu 74 PlasticDeformation 65 TransportProcesses inNanocrystallineMaterials inIon-IrradiatedPolymers ByM.Yu.Gutkin and LA.Ovid'ko ByD.Fink 75 WaferBonding 66 MultiphasedCeramicMaterials Applications and Technology ProcessingandPotential Editors:M.Alexeand U.G6sele Editors:W.-H.Tuanand ].-K.Guo 76 SpirallyAnisotropicComposites 67 Nondestructive ByG.E.Freger,V.N.Kestelman, MaterialsCharacterization and D.G.Freger WithApplicationstoAerospaceMaterials Editors: N.G.H.Meyendorf, P.B.Nagy, 77 ImpuritiesConfined inQuantumStructures and S.1.Rokhlin ByP.O.Holtzand Q.X.Zhao 68 DiffractionAnalysis 78 MacromolecularNanostructured oftheMicrostructureofMaterials Materials Editors:E.].Mittemeijerand P.Scardi Editors:N.Ueyamaand A.Harada 69 Chemical-MechanicalPlanarization ofSemiconductorMaterials Editor: M.R.Oliver N. Ueyama A. Harada (Eds.) Macromolecular Nanostructured Materials With 187Figures, 59Schemes and 26 Tables 8 ~ Kodansha Springer ProfessorNorikazuUeyama ProfessorAkiraHarada OsakaUniversity GraduateSchoolofScience DepartmentofMacromolecularScience Toyonaka,Osaka560-0043 Japan E-mails:[email protected] [email protected] SeriesEditors: ProfessorRobertHull ProfessorIürgenParisi UniversityofVirginia UniversitätOldenburg,FachbereichPhysik Dept.ofMaterialsScienceandEngineering Abt. Energie-undHalbleiterforschung ThorntonHall Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße9-11 Charlottesville,VA22903-2442,USA 26129Oldenburg,Germany ProfessorR.M.Osgood, Jr. ProfessorHans Warlimont MicroelectronicsScienceLaboratory InstitutfürFestkörper- DepartmentofElectricalEngineering undWerkstofforschung, ColumbiaUniversity Helmholtzstraße20 SeeleyW.MuddBuilding 01069 Dresden.Germany NewYork,NY10027,USA ISSN 0933-033X IISSBBNN 997788--33--664422--006611001I--1I IISSBBNN 997788--33--666622--0088443399--77 ((eeBBooookk)) DDOOII 1100..11000077//997788--33--666622--0088443399--77 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:3540223274 Allrightsarereserved. Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyform.byphotostat, microfilm,retrievalsystern,oranyother rneans,withoutthewrittenpermissionofKodanshaUd.(exceptinthecaseofbriefquotationforcriticismor review). This work is subject to copyright. Allrights are reserved, whether the wholeor part ofthe material is concerned, specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublicationor parts thereofispermittedonlyunder theprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9.1965.in itscurrentversion,andpermission forusemustalwaysbeobtained fromSpringer.Violationsareliableto prosecutionunder theGermanCopyrightLaw. SpringerisapartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia. springeronline.com ©NorikazuUeyarna,AkiraHaradaandSpringer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2004 OriginallypublishedbySpringer-VerlagBerlin HeidelbergNewYorkin2004. Softcoverreprintofthehardcover Istedition 2004 Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply, evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsand regulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Coverconcept:eStudioCalamarSteinen Coverproduction:design&productionGmbH,Heidelberg Printedonacid-freepaper SPIN:11017363 57/3141/di 543210 List of Contributors Numbersinparenthesesrefertothesections. Aoshima,Sadahito(2.5) Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama,Toyonaka560-0043,Japan Celestre,Paul C. (1.1) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles,405 HilgardAvenue, LosAngelesCA 90095,USA Chujo, Yoshiki (3.4) Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University,Katsura,Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan Fuhrhop,Jurgen-Hinrich (3.1) Institut flirOrganischeChemie der Freien UniversitatBerlin,Takustrasse 3,D 14195 Berlin,Germany Gronwald, Oliver(2.3) Asahi Kasei Corporation, SIF Research Group, Central Technology Laboratory, Samejima,Fuji,Shizuoka416-8501,Japan Hanabusa, Kenji (2.4) Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Tokida, Ueda 386-8567,Japan Harada, Akira(1.2,4.2) Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University,Machikaneyama,Toyonaka560-0043,Japan Hirao, Toshikazu(3.2) Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University,Yarnada-oka, Suita 565-0871,Japan Khodabakhsh, Saghar(1.3) Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine,South Kensington, London SW7 2AY, UK vi ListofContributors Kim, Kyung-Min (3.4) Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Chungju National University, 123Geomdan-ri, Iryu-myeon, Chungju, Chungbuk,380-702,Korea Klyszcz, Andreas (3.1) Institut furOrganische Chemie derFreien Universitat Berlin,Takustrasse 3,D 14195Berlin,Germany Koumoto,Kazuya (4.4) Department of Chemical Processes and Environment, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu808-0135, Japan Krasia,Theodora(1.3) Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Golm 14424 Potsdam, Germany Liaw,Der-Jang (2.2) Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science andTechnology, Taipei,Taiwan Lauer, Matthias(3.1) InstitutfurOrganische Chemie derFreien Universitat Berlin,Takustrasse3,D 14195Berlin,Germany Li,Guangtao(3.1) InstitutfurOrganische Chemie derFreien Universitat Berlin,Takustrasse3,D 14195Berlin,Germany Michinobu, Tsuyoshi(2.1) Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555,Japan Murata,Masaki(3.5) Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku,Tokyo 113-0033,Japan Nishide, Hiroyuki (2.1) Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555,Japan ListofContributors vii Nishihara,Hiroshi (3.5) Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo,Bunkyo-ku,Tokyo 113-0033,Japan Okamura,Taka-aki (3.6) Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University,Machikaneyama,Toyonaka560-0043,Japan Osaki,Shigeyoshi(4.5) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Shijo-cho, Kashihara634-8521,Japan Reedijk,Jan (4.1) Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O.Box9502,2300 RALeiden,The Netherlands Sakurai, Kazuo (4.4) Department of Chemical Processes and Environment, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu, Hibikino, Wakamatsu ku,Kitakyushu808-0135,Japan Shinkai,Seiji (2.3,4.4) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, KyushuUniversity,Higashi-ku,Fukuoka 812-8581,Japan Steinke,Joachim H.G.(1.3) Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine,South Kensington,LondonSW7 2AZ,UK Stoddart,J. Fraser (1.1) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles405 Hilgard Avenue,LosAngelesCA90095,USA Toshima,Naoki(3.3) Department of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Yamaguchi [The for mer Science University of Tokyo in Yamaguchi], Daigaku-dori, Onoda 756 0884,Japan viii ListofContributors Tseng,Hsian-Rong (1.1) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles,405 Hilgard Avenue,LosAngelesCA90095, USA Tuncel,Doniis(1.3) DepartmentofChemistry, Bilkent University,06800 Bilkent,Ankara,Turkey Ueyama,Norikazu (3.6,4.3) Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University,Machikaneyama,Toyonaka 560-0043,Japan Yamaguchi, Hiroyasu(4.2) Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama,Toyonaka 560-0043,Japan Yamamoto,Hitoshi (4.3) Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University,Machikaneyama,Toyonaka560-0043, Japan Preface This volume contains information on the most recent advances in the rapid development of nanostructured materials. The authors are world leaders in this areaand agroup of young scientists who havedevoted themselves tothedevelop mentof macromolecular nanostructured materials.The first development phase of this field was characterized by the construction of nanostructured materials. We have now entered the second phase, the aim of which has been the creation of a functional devicefor variousapplications.Polymeric materials have alreadyestab lishedananosized structure forthese infinitesimal purposes. However, thesepoly mersare usedviaatop-down processing approach from the mass.Thegoal ofcre ating new nanostructured materials is to produce instead a device which can be self-assembled and used in a bottom-up processing approach. Although the top down processing approach has given rise to the problem of how to dispose of scrapsgenerated byindustrial anddaily usage,thebottom-up processing approach willinvolve aspecific reaction after usage,therebyeliminating this disposal prob lem. The collected articles present important concepts for the precise synthesis of nanostructured materials. These small molecules are designed according to the molecular recognition results for their functions, such as molecular electronics, mesoscopic assemblies using organic building blocks or polymers with well defined shape, size and adeeply buried functional group, and novel magnets con sisting oforganic radicals, sol-gelhybrids applicable for hardeners offluids orliq uid crystals. The second part mainly describes macromolecular metal complexes and their assemblies having high ability in redox and catalytic reactions and mechanical hardness as well as and the nanostructured assemblies of inorganic polymers thatcontain various metalcomplex units.The third part deals with bio logically-relevant nanostructured assemblies of DNA-metal, DNA-organic poly mer,fibrillate proteins andbiominerallization. Theaim ofthis volume istounderstand thesynthetic foundations forthecon struction of macromolecular nanostructured materials and to describe the reviews and results of each research project supported as frontier topics. This volume endeavors to serve as areference work notonlyfor specialists and non-specialists but also for graduate students who are interested in learning about national pro jects conducted incountries all around the world.By including articles from vari ous different scientific backgrounds, we hope that this will increase the knowl edgeofthereaders andimpressuponthemthescopeofthefieldofnanoscience. This monograph started out simply as a paper presented at the Osaka UniversityMacromolecularSymposium inOsaka (November 5-7,2001).Because of thegreat strides made recently in nanoscience, it wasconsidered appropriate to expand thispaper intoacomplete book.Someoftheconcepts basedonnanostruc tured material science have stimulated themain subjects of the 21stCentury COE