VANDIVER.cvr 29/9/03 11:44 am Page 1 Luther’s T HIS VOLUME brings By placing accurate new translations of these together two important two ‘lives of Luther’ side by side, Vandiver contemporary accounts of and her colleagues have allowed two very L different perceptions of the significance of the life of Martin Luther in a Luther to compete head to head. The result confrontation that had been is as entertaining as it is informative, and a live s u powerful reminder of the need to ensure that postponed for more than four secondary works about the Reformation are hundred and fifty years. The first never displaced by the primary sources. of these accounts was written (cid:2)imes (cid:4)iterary (cid:5)upplement after Luther’s death, when it was t rumoured that demons had seized the Reformer on his deathbed and dragged him off to Hell. h In response to these rumours, Luther’s friend and colleague, Philip Melanchthon wrote and published a brief encomium of the Reformer in . A e completely new translation of this text appears in this book. r It was in response to Melanchthon’s work that Johannes Cochlaeus  completed and published his own monumental life of Luther in , which   is translated and made available in English for the first time in this volume.   ’ After witnessing Luther’s declaration before Charles V at the Diet of Worms,   s  Cochlaeus had sought out Luther and debated with him. However, the    confrontation left him convinced that Luther was an impious and   malevolent man. Consequently, over the next twenty-five years, Cochlaeus — B fought vigorously against the influence of the Reformation. Such is the ust o l detail and importance of Cochlaeus’s life of Luther that for an eyewitness f L u account of the Reformation – and the beginnings of the Catholic Counter- th e Reformation – there is simply no other historical document to compare. r, L i u th e Published in collaboration with The Sohmer-Hall Foundation, this rha v u book also supplies introductory texts to the lives of both Cochlaeus and s, W Melanchthon, plus compre-hensive annotation for readers who wish to itte make a broader study of the period. These translations will be essential nb e reading for students and academics of the Reformation and all early modern rg. P e h historians interested in this fascinating period of religious history. o to (cid:2) g ra wo contemporary accounts of   is Director of the Honors Humanities Program and Visiting ph , S s Assistant Professor in the Department of Classics, University of Maryland tev (cid:3) (cid:4)   is Associate Professor of Religion, University of Iowa e So artin uther h  .  is Visiting Assistant Professor in the Department of Classical mer Studies, Tulane Universit translated translated and annotated annotated  , VANDIVER by KEEN    .  and FRAZEL    ’ for Lowell and Marla Be thou an example of the believers, in word, in conversation, in charity, in spirit, in faith. 1 Timothy 4: 12 Luther’s lives Two contemporary accounts of Martin Luther translated and annotated by Elizabeth Vandiver, Ralph Keen and Thomas D. Frazel MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY PRESS Manchester and New York distributed exclusively in the USA by Palgrave Copyright © The Sohmer-Hall Foundation 2002 Published by Manchester University Press Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9NR, UK and Room 400, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA http: //www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk Distributed exclusively in the USA by Palgrave, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA Distributed exclusively in Canada by UBC Press, University of British Columbia, 2029 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z2 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for ISBN 0 7190 6104 0 hardback First published 2002 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Typeset in Monotype Bell by Carnegie Publishing Ltd, Lancaster Printed in Great Britain by Biddles Ltd, Guildford and King’s Lynn Contents Scholars vi Abbreviations vii Introduction 1 1 Philip Melanchthon and the historical Luther by Ralph Keen 7 2 Philip Melanchthon’s History of the Life and Acts of Dr Martin Luther translated by Thomas D. Frazel and annotated by Ralph Keen 14 3 Johannes Cochlaeus: an introduction to his life and work by Ralph Keen 40 4 The deeds and writings of Dr Martin Luther from the year of the Lord 1517 to the year 1546 related chronologically to all posterity by Johannes Cochlaeus for the first time translated into English by Elizabeth Vandiver and annotated by Ralph Keen 53 Translator’s note 352 Appendix 353 Works cited 357 Notes 368 Index 402 v Scholars Scholars Scholars Elizabeth Vandiver earned her MA and PhD at the University of Texas (Austin). Her areas of concentration are ancient historiography (Herodotus, Livy), elegy (particularly Catullus), and ancient drama and stagecraft. She taught at Northwestern University and the University of Maryland, where she is presently the Director of the Honors Humanities Program. Her publications include Heroes in Herodotus: The Interaction of Myth and History, Studien zur klassischen Philologie, 56, series editor Michael von Albrecht (Frankfurt, 1991); ‘Hot Springs, Cool Rivers, and Hidden Fires: Heracles in Catullus 68.51–66,’ in Classical Philology 95 (2000); ‘Millions of the Mouthless Dead: Charles Hamilton Sorley and Wilfred Owen in Homer’s Hades’, in the International Journal of the Classical Tradition 5.3 (1999); and ‘The Founding Mothers of Livy’s Rome: The Sabine Women and Lucretia,’ in Richard F.Moorton, Jr, and Frances B.Titchener (eds), The Eye Expanded: Life and the Arts in Greco-Roman Antiquity (Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 1999). Ralph Keen was born in Philadelphia and received a BA in Greek from Columbia in 1979. He coupled graduate studies in Classics at Yale with several years as assistant research editor of the Complete Works of St Thomas More, published by Yale University Press. He earned his PhD in the History of Christianity at University of Chicago. He taught at Alaska Pacific University (Anchorage), and at the University of Iowa, where he is now Associate Professor of Religion. His publications include critical editions of two Latin works by Cochlaeus, Responsio ad Johannem Bugenhagium Pomeranum (Nieuw- koop, 1988) and Philippicae I-VII, 2 vols (Nieuwkoop, 1995–6), and Divine and Human Authority in Reformation Thought (Nieuwkoop, 1997), a study of the political philosophies of Lutheran, Catholic, and Anabaptist theologians. He lives in Iowa City with his wife and daughter. Thomas D. Frazel was educated at the University of Chicago and the University of California (Los Angeles). He is currently Visiting Assistant Professor in the Department of Classics at Tulane University. His scholarly interests focus primarily on Latin literature of the classical period, ancient rhetoric (in particular Cicero), and Roman intellectual history. vi Scholars Scholars Abbreviations Clemen Luthers Werke in Auswahl, ed. Otto Clemen, 8 vols (Berlin, 1930) and numerous reprints. CR Corpus Reformatorum, ed. C.G.Bretschneider and H.E.Bind- seil [edition of Melanchthon’s writings], 28 vols (Halle, 1834–60). Herte, Lutherkommentare Adolf Herte, Die Lutherkommentare des Johannes Cochlaeus: Kritische Studie zur Geschichtschreibung im Zeitalter der Glaubens- spaltung Reformationsgeschichtliche Studien und Texte, vol. 3 (Münster, 1935). LW Luther’s Works, American edition, ed. J.Pelikan and H.T. Lehmann, 55 vols (Philadelphia, 1955–86). OER Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Reformation, ed. Hans Hillerbrand, 4 vols (Oxford, 1996). Spahn Martin Spahn, Johannes Cochläus: Ein Lebensbild aus der Zeit der Kirchenspaltung (Berlin, 1898; rpt Nieuwkoop, 1964). StA Melanchthons Werke in Auswahl, ed. Robert Stupperich et al., 8 vols (Gütersloh, 1951–78). WA D. Martin Luthers Werke, 89 vols, including separate series of correspondence (Briefwechsel) (Weimar, 1883–1986). In general, sources are cited in English versions whenever possible; the headnotes in LW provide references to original texts in WA. When no English version is available, the most authoritative modern edition is cited; when these are lacking, references are to original editions. vii