J/22 Sailing MANUAL UCI SAILING PROGRAM Written by: Joyce Ibbetson Robert Koll Mary Thornton David Camerini Illustrations by: Sally Valarine and Knowlton Shore Copyright 2013 All Rights Reserved UCI J/22 Sailing Manual 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction to the J/22 ......................................................... 3 How to use this manual ..................................................................... Background Information .................................................................... Getting to Know Your Boat ................................................................ Preparation and Rigging ..................................................................... 2. Sailing Well .......................................................................... 17 Points of Sail ....................................................................................... Skipper Responsibility ........................................................................ Basics of Sail Trim ............................................................................... Sailing Maneuvers .............................................................................. Sail Shape ........................................................................................... Understanding the Wind.................................................................... Weather and Lee Helm ...................................................................... Heavy Weather Sailing ....................................................................... Reefing ............................................................................................... 3. Necessary Skills and Knowledge ............................................ 27 Right of Way Rules ............................................................................. Anchoring ........................................................................................... Man Overboard Recovery .................................................................. Aids to Navigation .............................................................................. Weather ............................................................................................. Emergency Situations ........................................................................ 4. Advanced Sailing .................................................................. 45 Spinnakers .......................................................................................... Advanced Boat Handling Drills ........................................................... 5. Conclusion ........................................................................... 48 6. Appendices & Glossary .................................................... 48, 52 7. Index of Illustrations & List of Weblinks ................................ 58 UCI J/22 Sailing Manual 3 Introduction to the J/22 Keelboat How to use this manual You should read and thoroughly understand sections 1 - 3 of this manual before you take your written and on the water J1 rating tests. After you have your J1 rating you may want to refer back to this manual to answer specific questions you may have. Sections 1 - 3 of the manual should be reviewed with particular attention to Section 3 prior to taking a J2 rating test and Section 4 of the manual should be read prior to your J3 rating test. This manual is not intended as a complete guide to sailing. For some information you may refer to the UCI Capri manual and other sources. Background Information Welcome to sailing keelboats. J/22 keelboats are excellent instructional boats for intermediate and advanced sailing as well as terrific boats for day sailing and racing. UCI's sailing program is possible because participants respect the boats, sails, equipment as well as the rules and procedures established for their safe and effective use. When sailing, you are responsible for the boat and your passengers. We hope that you will understand and cooperate with our rules so that you can join the fraternity of happy UC Irvine sailors. The J/22 is an 1800 pound fin-keeled sloop with a deck-stepped mast, three sails, a large cockpit, and a deck layout suitable for a 3-4 person crew. Hulls and decks are built with balsa wood cored fiberglass laminates designed to endure years of hard use. The J/22 offers the exciting performance of a sport boat with the stability and safety of a fixed lead keel. For UCI sailors, the J/22 presents new things to learn and differences from the Capri’s, but once you learn to sail the J/22, you will find it to be a fun and challenging boat. UCI’s fleet of J/22's is maintained with the intent of offering a one-design class, with all the boats equally matched in terms of sails, rigging, and overall condition. Since its introduction in 1983, the J/22 has grown into an international class with over 1,600 boats sailing in 65 fleets in 18 countries. On the merits of its sailing characteristics, widespread popularity and small crew number (3-4), the J/22 continues to be the boat of choice for intercollegiate sloop and match racing as well as many national and international keelboat sailing championships. UCI J/22 Sailing Manual 4 UCI J/22 Sailing Manual 5 UCI J/22 Sailing Manual 6 Getting to Know the J/22 The J/22 has both familiar and new equipment you will need to know. The J/22 is lighter, more tippy and dinghy-like than the Shields keelboats that UCI formerly owned and OCC still uses. It is therefore easier to transition from sailing the UCI Capri to the J/22 than it was previously with the older, heavier keelboats. Keel The most obvious new element of sailing keelboats is the keel, this weighted underwater fin will help keep the J/22 upright and sailing straight. Bow and Stern Lines Each boat should have one long bow line and one long stern line. Always take these with you. The bow line is tied on one of the eyes on the foredeck of the boat, and the stern line will be tied to either the port or starboard stern-cleat. Spring Line A line led from a dock cleat or stern cleat of the adjacent boat to the winch to prevent the boat from moving forward in its slip. Each boat should have one spring line on board and there are fixed spring lines on the dock. Use depends on which slip your boat is tied in. More on that later. Mast Head Fly A vane at the top of mast that indicates the wind direction Adjustable Backstay Part of the standing rigging attached to the stern and top of the mast that prevents the mast from falling forward. Tightening the backstay will bend the mast to help flatten the main sail. The control line is led to cleats in the cockpit, forward of the traveler cleats. There is one backstay cleat on each side of the boat. Main Sail Controls Main Halyard (white line with black flecks) Used to raise the mainsail. The cleat is located on the port side of the cabin top. Boom Vang (black line) Block and tackle system that pulls down on the boom and controls the leech (back edge) of the mainsail. Cunningham (red line) This smaller diameter red line uses a hook that you must place in a grommet (reinforced hole in sail) above the tack of the mainsail, UCI J/22 Sailing Manual 7 allowing you to adjust the luff tension of the mainsail. Boom Topping Lift (white plastic-coated wire) This is a plastic-coated wire that attaches from the backstay to the back of the boom. The boom topping lift holds the boom up for safety while rigging and to prevent the boom from hitting the deck and causing damage. Once the mainsail is raised, you unclip the boom topping lift from the boom and secure it to the backstay above the blocks that allow you to tighten the backstay. Traveler The mainsheet traveler allows you to adjust where along the port-starboard axis the mainsheet tackle is attached to the boat. It is adjustable and helps control the shape of mainsail. The traveler can also be used control heeling. The bar that the traveler slides on runs across the cockpit forward of the tiller. It divides the cockpit. The traveler can be adjusted form either side of the cockpit on a continuous line. Reefing Line (blue line) Used to reef the mainsail, this line pulls the lower part of the sail toward the boom-end at the leach. The control is through a jamb-cleat with a lever inside the forward end of the boom. Jib Controls Jib Halyard (green line) Used to raise the jib. Jib Sheets (white lines with blue flecks) Used to sheet the jib. Jib Fairlead Tracks These tracks adjust the angle at which the jib is sheeted for various wind conditions by moving the block through which the jib is sheeted forward and aft on deck. With our current jibs, the jib fairlead blocks are usually placed with three holes showing on the tracks in from of the fairleads. They should be moved back one or two holes in stronger winds. Winches Description A winch is a mechanical drum used to assist in pulling on a line. Mechanical advantage comes from the winch handle attached to the drum working along with friction. Location and Type o Winches are mounted on the cabin top on both sides of the boat to trim the jib sheets. How to Use o Wrap the line around the winch clockwise (looking down from above winch). Image on the left. o Keep your fingers clear of the line as you wrap it on the winch! o Pull the majority of the slack from the line with 1 wrap around winch. UCI J/22 Sailing Manual 8 o Once mostly tight, wrap additional wraps around the winch. o To tighten line further, pull on the line and crank the winch handle (stored in the white plastic pocket nearby) at the same time. Note: Be careful not to get an override when using a winch. See image on the right. This is created when you apply too many wraps when pulling in slack under a load or when the line is pulled from the winch below a horizontal position. If you do create an override, you will need to unwrap the line and apply pressure upward to remove it from the winch. Preparation and Rigging Pre-Sailing Checklist Check the Weather You can check weather sources online at the UCISA website (sailingclub.net) or call the Newport Beach Harbor Patrol marine weather recording at (949) 675-0503. Program the Newport Beach Harbor Patrol phone number (949) 723-1002 into your phone for use in an emergency. You may also call 911 and ask that your call be directed to the Newport Beach Harbor Patrol. Check the current weather and predicted weather for the day. Double check the weather once you arrive at the sailbase and again before you leave the dock. Weather predictions are not always correct. Make sure: o The wind is under 18 knots o No Santa Ana winds (wind is not strong from the North or East) o Note height and times of high and low tides Make sure you have proper personal gear o Closed-toed non-marking shoes o Hat or visor o Sunglasses o Sunscreen o Wind and waterproof clothes o Drinking water Be sure to check the logbook and sign out your boat. (you do not do this in classes) Rigging 1. Remove the cockpit cover, roll or fold it and stow under foredeck. Don’t leave the cover on the dock. 2. Look over the boat to make sure all the equipment is in working order. 3. Get a long-handled brush from the dock box next to the J/22 jib box and brush the algal growth off the rudder. This should be done every time before you sail. Retrurn the brush to the box when you get your jib. 4. Open the sliding hatch cover all the way. Always leave the cover open, and never step on it. UCI J/22 Sailing Manual 9 5. Remove the plexiglass hatch board and carefully set it on the cover. Be careful not to scratch it. 6. Get a jib from the dock box, place the jib on the foredeck and then place the hatch cover in the jib bag to protect it. 7. Take off the tiller cover and stow it with the cockpit cover. Look at the tiller extension and be sure that it is not worn at the universal joint. 8. Clear lines from the top of the cabin. Let them drape into the cabin. 9. Go below deck and close the storage hatches and place the floorboards in position above the keel bolts. 10. Check for safety equipment. The Coast Guard requires the first three below. o One life-jacket per person (Type I, II, or III PFD) o One throwable cushion (Type IV PFD) o Three visual distress signals (flares) o Anchor with chain and rode attached o Paddle o Bailer 11. The paddle, hatch cover and spinnaker pole should be stored aft under the cockpit. 12. Stow personal gear below deck. 13. Remove PFD’s from the cabin and have skipper and crew put them on for safety. The water is usually cold and it is difficult to swim with clothes on, so a PFD can literally be a life-saver. Rigging the Boat Prepare the sails to be raised but do not raise sails during these steps! Prepping the Mainsail 1. Find the main halyard at the end of the boom and detach it. Look up the mast to make sure the halyard leads straight to the masthead and is not wrapped around the backstay or anything else. 2. Make sure the sail isn’t wrapped around the boom then attach the halyard to the head of the sail. 3. Remove the wooden slug-pin with duct tape from the sail-slot of the mast and install the sail-slugs attached to the luff of the mainsail into the slot on the mast beginning with the top slug. Replace the UCI J/22 Sailing Manual 10 slug-pin in the mast slot to hold the sail slugs in place while rigging. Note: the slug-pin is a UCI addition to the J/22. It makes rigging and unrigging easier by holding the sail-slugs in the mast slot. 4. Take up the slack in the main halyard and re-cleat it. 5. Form a pocket using the bottom of the sail and stuff the rest of the sail into it. Use a sail tie to secure the sail to the boom. 6. Untie the mainsheet from the boom. It should be tied with a clove-hitch. 7. Leave the mainsheet cleated to stabilize the boom. 8. Release and slacken the boom vang. Prepping the Jib 1. Detach the spinnaker halyard (blue line) and the spinnaker pole topping lift (white line with red flecks) from the jib tack shackle or bow pad-eye and attach them to the ring on the front of the mast. Take up the slack in these lines. The lines are controlled from the cleats on the cabin top. 2. Unfold the jib making sure that tack (the front lower corner) is toward the bow. 3. Attach the jib tack to the jib tack shackle. Starting at the bottom, attach the jib hanks (the spring- hooks attached to the luff of the jib) to the forestay; clip them on from the same direction all the way up to the head of the jib. When you reach the head, make sure the jib halyard runs clear to the mast, then attach the jib halyard to head of jib. 4. Uncoil the jib sheets and lead them aft through the fairlead blocks mounted on tracks on the deck. Tie a figure-eight knot in the end of each jib sheet. Checking the Backstay Be sure to have some tension on the backstay before you leave the docks. It should never be completely slack. The backstay adjustment is located in the cockpit forward of the traveler cleats. Generally, you will want the backstay tighter in heavy winds and not so tight in lighter winds. Also, it should be tighter when going to weather in order to keep the jib luff tight. Note: Tighten backstay by hand. Preparing to Leave the Dock Before you leave the slip, you must have everything ready to go and double-checked so that you don't occupy the exit channel any longer than necessary. The space between the docks is narrow and other boats may need or want to enter or exit. Train your crew in their responsibilities while safely in the slip. For example, if you have two crew members, one should hold the tiller to help the boat back straight and avoid obstacles, while the other person can