Contributions to Management Science Ana Tur Porcar Domingo Ribeiro Soriano Editors Inside the Mind of the Entrepreneur Cognition, Personality Traits, Intention, and Gender Behavior Contributions to Management Science More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/1505 Ana Tur Porcar • Domingo Ribeiro Soriano Editors Inside the Mind of the Entrepreneur Cognition, Personality Traits, Intention, and Gender Behavior Editors Ana Tur Porcar Domingo Ribeiro Soriano University of Valencia University of Valencia Valencia, Spain Valencia, Spain ISSN 1431-1941 ISSN 2197-716X (electronic) Contributions to Management Science ISBN 978-3-319-62454-9 ISBN 978-3-319-62455-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-62455-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017953189 © Springer International Publishing AG 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Contents Part I Entrepreneur’s Cognition and Intention An Integrated Model of Intentional Entrepreneurial Action . . . . . . . . . 3 Kevin C. Cox, Jason Lortie, and Gary Castrogiovanni Measuring and Understanding the Psychological Effects of Entrepreneurial Intentions: Multigroup Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Jo~ao J. Ferreira, Cristina I. Fernandes, and Ma´rio L. Raposo Why Would You Ever Want to Become An Academic Entrepreneur? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Jasmina Berbegal-Mirabent, Dolors Gil-Dome´nech, and Ine´s Alegre The Relation Between Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Entrepreneurship Rates Over Time: An Approach Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Paulo Ferreira and Andreia Dion´ısio Entrepreneurship Under Risk and Uncertainty: A Review of the Experimental Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Konstantinos Georgalos Sensing and Generating New Opportunities for Value Innovation: How Team Behaviour Contributes to Success or to Failure? . . . . . . . . . 75 Toma´s F. Gonza´lez-Cruz and Clara M. Mart´ınez-Fuentes Part II Entrepreneurial Personality, Traits and Gender The Role of the Entrepreneurial Personality in New Ventures . . . . . . . . 91 Xuemei Xie, Jiuchang Lv, and Yuchen Xu Intrapreneurs: Characteristics and Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Antonia Mohedano-Suanes and Dolores Garzo´n Ben´ıtez v vi Contents Can Women Entrepreneurs Plan to Prosper? Exploring the Role of Gender as a Moderator of the Planning-Performance Relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Whitney O. Peake, William C. McDowell, Michael L. Harris, and Phillip E. Davis The Dark Side of Entrepreneurship in Coworking-Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Ricarda B. Bouncken, Mahmood M. Aslam, and Andreas J. Reuschl Gender Behavioral Issues and Entrepreneurship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Irene Comeig and Marc Lurbe Part III Entrepreneurial Leadership Systems Approach to Entrepreneurial Success: The Theoretical Discussion on the Significance of Family Factors for Effective Entrepreneurship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Marcin W. Staniewski and Katarzyna Awruk Personality Traits of the Partners and Performance in the Franchise Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Esther Calderon-Monge The Importance of Empowerment in Entrepreneurship . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Daniel Henao-Zapata and Jose´ M. Peiro´ Leadership Styles and Entrepreneurship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Hugo De Juan Jorda´n, Daniel Palacios-Marque´s, and Carlos Devece Co-operation and Conflict in International Entrepreneurs When Cultures Collide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Ursula F. Ott Part I Entrepreneur’s Cognition and Intention An Integrated Model of Intentional Entrepreneurial Action Kevin C. Cox, Jason Lortie, and Gary Castrogiovanni Abstract The psychological perspective of entrepreneurship has a rich history in entrepreneurship research. While personality and psychology have both been iden- tified as key components in explaining how and why entrepreneurs act, many questions remain about what different factors lead to entrepreneurial action and outcomes as well as the role these factors have in the process. We shed light on these important questions by integrating two leading models of the individual psychology of entrepreneurship: the Action-Characteristics Model (ACM) of Entre- preneurship and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). We create the Intentional Entrepreneurial Action Model by integrating these two perspectives together to address concerns about the ACM and TPB considered separately. By synthesizing these two models into the Intentional Entrepreneurial Action Model and presenting supporting propositions, we develop an explanation about how entrepreneurs think and how this intentional process leads to entrepreneurial action and outcomes. Keywords Action-characteristics model of entrepreneurship • Theory of planned behavior • Entrepreneurial outcomes 1 Introduction Entrepreneurship has been defined as the identification, evaluation, and exploitation of opportunities (Shane and Venkataraman 2000). The phenomenon of entrepre- neurship is largely centralized around the individual-opportunity nexus (Shane 2003). Therefore, unsurprisingly, a wide variety of individual factors influence the processes of identification, evaluation, and exploitation. The psychological perspective offers considerable insight into how various individual factors influence these processes. K.C. Cox (*) • G. Castrogiovanni Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA e-mail: 4 K.C. Cox et al. Psychological and cognitive perspectives have a rich history in the entrepre- neurship domain (e.g. Comegys 1976; McClelland andWinter 1971; McGaffey and Christy 1975) some of which are regarded as foundational works during the early emergence of entrepreneurship as a distinctive field of study (e.g. Schumpeter 1934; McClelland 1961). More recently, the psychological perspective has emerged as an effective and appropriate perspective for entrepreneurship research. This focus on the psychological perspective has led to numerous theoretical develop- ments and research findings that have informed the field of entrepreneurship and provided important insight into the role of the entrepreneur throughout the entre- preneurial process. Psychology based perspectives may offer the most fruitful insight into the “the people side of entrepreneurship”, and address some of the entrepreneurship’s most fundamental questions (Mitchell et al. 2002, p. 93). To date, the psychological perspective has provided considerable contribution to the entrepreneurship domain via the continued evolution of more accurate and sophisticated models of an array of psychological influences particularly relevant to the process of entrepreneurship. However, research focused directly on the outcomes (e.g. opportunity identification, new venture performance) associated with psychological and cognitive influences remains underdeveloped. This is the fundamental challenge faced by the overwhelming majority entrepreneurship research steeped in the psychological perspective. The result is either research which fails to directly address fundamental entrepreneurial outcomes, or weak theoretical linkages paired with empirically driven findings. Both of which inaccu- rately link psychological factors directly to entrepreneurial outcomes. The central purpose here is to develop an integrated and comprehensive model of psychological factors that influence entrepreneurial action and entrepreneurial outcomes. Our model effectively integrates the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Action-Characteristics Model (ACM) of entrepreneurial behavior. The intent is to establish clearly delineated links between psychological factors, entrepreneurial action characteristics, and subsequent entrepreneurial outcomes that are directly related to entrepreneurial thinking. The intended result is the development of a more complete explanation and clear depiction of the role of psychological factors in the process of entrepreneurship. 2 Literature Review 2.1 Overview The objective of the following sections is to provide an extensive review of the existing models which attempt to provide a comprehensive explanation about entrepreneurial action and outcomes. We provide a complete overview and expla- nation of the theoretical frameworks [the Action-Characteristics Model of entre- preneurial success (ACM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)] along with