Historic, Archive Document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. W USDA5 M {/<-( 7 o 4 crrraticp ■ United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Agricultural Library August 2002 Animal Welfare Information Center AWIC Resource Series No. 17 USDA Information 02S Resources for Bats MAI AWIC Resource Series No. 17 August 2002 Compiled by: / Richard L. Crawford, D.V.M. D’Anna Jensen, B.S., LATG Tim Allen, M.S. Animal Welfare Information Center National Agricultural Library U.S. Department of Agriculture Published by: U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Agricultural Library Animal Welfare Information Center Beltsville, Maryland 20705 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.nal.usda.gov/awic National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record: Crawford, Richard L. Information resources for bats. 1. Bats--Bibliography. 2. Bats--Computer network resources. I. Jensen, D'Anna J. B. II. Allen, Tim (John Timothy) III. Animal Welfare Information Center (U.S.) IV. Title. QL737.C5 Cover Photo by Merlin D. Tuttle, © by Bat Conservation International Reprinted with permission. Disclaimers The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication (or page) is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. Materials appearing in this publication do not necessarily represent positions or policies of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or any agencies thereof. -n- TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction . v General .1-5 Anatomy.5-9 Anesthesia. 9 Auditory / Hearing. 9-31 Biology.31-38 Care / Housing / Behavior .39-50 Circulatory .51-53 Diseases / Parasites.54-62 Enrichment. 63 Feeding / Nutrition / Metabolism.63-73 Histopathology / Immunochemistry .73 - 74 Intestinal.75-76 Muscular.76-78 Physiology . 78 Reproductive .78-89 Research / Biomedical.90-107 Veterinary.107-108 Viruses.108-112 Selected Web site References for Bats .113-117 Document Delivery Information .119-124 -iii- INTRODUCTION Bats are an ubiquitous and relatively unknown species of mammal with an undeserved unsavory reputation. While some of them may cause damage to plants, animals or humans (fruit bats or vampire bats), many of them are beneficial to humans (insect eating bats) and a number of bats are being used in various areas of research, especially in auditory research, and exhibits. While there is a great deal of information in the databases on bats it is too voluminous to be presented here. This publication, therefore, contains selected references in a variety of areas with the hope that it will be useful to those using, or wishing to use, bats for whatever purpose they may desire. An additional section on selected web sites concerning bats is also included.