FILED Case 2:17-cv-02083-KOB Document 14 Filed 01/16/18 Page 1 of 52 2018 Jan-16 PM 03:39 U.S. DISTRICT COURT N.D. OF ALABAMA IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ALABAMA DOYLE LEE HAMM, ) Civil Action No. ) 2:17-cv-02083-KOB Plaintiff, ) v. ) EXECUTION SCHEDULED ) JEFFERSON S. DUNN, Commissioner, ) Thursday, February 22, 2018 Alabama Department of Corrections, et al., ) ) Defendants. ) DOYLE HAMM’S RESPONSE TO DEFENDANTS’ MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT Bernard E. Harcourt Bar Number: ASB-4316-A31B Attorney for Doyle Lee Hamm Columbia Law School 435 West 116th Street New York, New York 10027 Telephone: (212) 854-1997 Fax: (212) 854-7946 Dated: January 16, 2018 Case 2:17-cv-02083-KOB Document 14 Filed 01/16/18 Page 2 of 52 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 1 I. THE LEGAL STANDARD FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT .................................................................... 3 II. THERE ARE GENUINE ISSUES OF MATERIAL FACT IN DISPUTE REGARDING DOYLE HAMM’S EIGHTH AMENDMENT CLAIM .................................................................................................... 4 A. Whether the defendants can successfully achieve venous access in Doyle Hamm’s situation for purposes of a lethal injection given his current medical condition ......................... 7 B. Whether there is now venous access for purposes of drawing blood from Doyle Hamm only in the tortuous little vein on the back of his right hand ....................................................... 7 C. Whether venous access for purposes of drawing blood from Doyle Hamm’s right hand would provide venous access for purposes of inserting a larger catheter into Doyle Hamm in order to perform a lethal injection from a remote distance away from Doyle Hamm ............... 10 D. Whether Doyle Hamm now suffers from lymphadenopathy and whether that would present a substantial risk of serious harm that might interfere with a humane execution ......... 12 E. Whether Doyle Hamm’s medical condition and venous access got materially worse during the Spring of 2017 ...................................................................................................................... 17 (a) The laches argument……….. ......................................................................................... 18 (b) The statute of limitations argument ............................................................................... 22 F. Whether there exists a feasible, readily implementable, and legal alternative method of execution that would significantly reduce a substantial risk of severe pain .............................. 24 (a) Mr. Hamm’s alternative method of execution is feasible and readily implemented…...25 (b) Mr. Hamm’s alternative method of execution significantly reduces the risk of harm…27 (c) The defendants can access these drugs ........................................................................... 29 ii Case 2:17-cv-02083-KOB Document 14 Filed 01/16/18 Page 3 of 52 (d) Conclusion…………………………………… .............................................................. 31 III. THE NEW EVIDENCE SUBMITTED BY DEFENDANTS RAISES ANOTHER EIGHTH AMENDMENT CLAIM. ................................................................................................................................... 32 (a) whether the defendants’ overall treatment of Doyle Hamm and constant pricking amount to cruel and unusual punishment…………………………………………………………………..40 (b) whether defendants’ overall treatment and medical treatment (and non-treatment) of Doyle Hamm’s cancer amount to cruel and unusual punishment…………………………… 40 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................. 42 iii Case 2:17-cv-02083-KOB Document 14 Filed 01/16/18 Page 4 of 52 TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Cases Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242 (1986) .................................................................... 4 Arthur v. Comm’r, Alabama Dep’t of Corr., 840 F.3d 1268 (11th Cir. 2016) .............................. 24 Baze v. Rees, 553 U.S. 35 (2008) .............................................................................. 4, 5, 25, 26, 32 Braggs v. Dunn, 257 F. Supp. 3d 1171 (M.D. Ala. 2017) ............................................................. 41 Brooks v. Warden, 810 F.3d 812 (11th Cir. 2016) ........................................................................ 19 Calhoun v. Ala. Alcoholic Beverage Control Bd., 705 F.2d 422 (11th Cir. 1983) ........................ 23 Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317 (1986) ................................................................................ 3 Colo. River Water Conservation District v. United States, 424 U.S. 800, 817 (1976) ................. 21 Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 104 (1976) ........................................................................ 5, 34, 36 Frazier v. Commissioner, Case No. 16-16876, Slip. Op. (11th Cir. September 1, 2017) . 1, 3, 4, 43 Gissendaner v. Comm’r, Ga. Dep’t of Corrs., 779 F.3d 1275 (11th Cir. 2015) ........................... 23 Glossip v. Gross, 135 S.Ct. 2726 (2015) ................................................................... 4, 5, 25, 26, 32 Graham v. Florida, 560 U.S. 48 (2010) .................................................................................. 34, 40 Grayson v. Allen, 499 F. Supp. 2d 1228, 1236 (M.D. Ala. 2007) ................................................. 18 Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153 (1976) .................................................................................. 34, 40 Hall v. Florida, 134 S.Ct. 1986 (2014) ......................................................................................... 40 Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800 (1982) ..................................................................................... 4 Helling v. McKinney, 509 U.S. 25 (1993) ....................................................................................... 5 Hudson v. McMillian, 503 U.S. 1 (1992) ...................................................................................... 35 Huffman v. Pursue, Ltd., 420 U.S. 592 (1975) .............................................................................. 21 In re Kemmler, 136 U.S. 436 (1890) ............................................................................................... 4 iv Case 2:17-cv-02083-KOB Document 14 Filed 01/16/18 Page 5 of 52 In re Medley, 134 U.S. 160 ................................................................................................ 34, 35, 39 Jones v. UPS Ground Freight, 683 F.3d 1283 (11th Cir. 2012) ..................................................... 4 McNair v. Allen, 515 F.3d 1168 (11th Cir. 2008) .......................................................................... 22 Mullinax v. McElhenney, 817 F.2d 711 (11th Cir. 1987) .............................................................. 23 Nelson v. Campbell, 541 U.S. 637 (2004) ....................................................................................... 5 Provenzano v. Moore, 744 So. 2d 413 (Fla. 1999).. ...................................................................... 39 Rhodes v. Chapman, 452 U.S. 337 (1981) .................................................................................... 34 Trop v. Dulles, 356 U.S. 86 (1958) ......................................................................................... 35, 40 Weems v. United States, 217 U.S. 349 (1910). ............................................................ 34, 35, 39, 40 West v. Commissioner, Case No. 17-11536, Slip Op. (11th Cir. September 6, 2017) .................... 1 Wilkerson v. State of Utah, 99 U.S. 130 (1878) ...................................................................... 34, 39 Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 (1971) ......................................................................................... 21 Statutes Ala. Code § 15-18-82.1 ................................................................................................................. 24 Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act .................................................................................................. 25 Other Authorities Arndt et al., Suppression, Accessibility of Death-Related Thoughts, and Cultural Worldview Defense: Exploring the Psychodynamics of Terror Management, 73 J. of Personality and Social Psychology 5 (1997) ....................................................................................................... 37 Guidelines for the Practice of Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide .................................. 27 A. Ploughaus et al., Dissociating Pain from its Anticipation in the Human Brain, 284 Science 1979 (1999) ................................................................................................................................ 36 K. Hedberg & C. New, “Oregon's Death With Dignity Act: 20 Years of Experience to Inform the v Case 2:17-cv-02083-KOB Document 14 Filed 01/16/18 Page 6 of 52 Debate,” 167 Ann Intern Med. 579, 581 (2017 .......................................................................... 28 Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Alabama Generics Plus Drug Guide, Oct 2017 ........................... 31 C. Abengozar, B. Bueno & J. Vega, Intervention on Attitudes toward Death along the Life Span, 25 Educational Gerontology 435 (1999) ................................................................................... 38 C. Blanke et al., “Characterizing 18 Years of the Death With Dignity Act in Oregon,” 3 JAMA Oncol. 1403, 1405 (2017 ........................................................................................................... 28 C. Haney, Psychological Secrecy and the Death Penalty: Observations on “The Mere Extinguishment of Life,” 16 Studies in Law, Politics and Society 3 (1996) .............................. 37 Chelsea Jarvis & Tim Lockette, Alabama’s execution drugs may be close to expiring, The Anniston Star (June 24, 2017 ..................................................................................................... 30 Death Penalty Information Center, Botched Executions, https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/some- examples-post-furman-botched-executions ............................................................................... 29 Drug-Maker Akorn Bans Sedative Midazolam For Executions, NBC News (Feb 20, 2015), ...... 30 E. Becker, The Denial of Death 11-12 (Free Press paperback ed. 1997) ...................................... 37 E. Kubler-Ross, On Death and Dying (Macmillan 1969) ............................................................. 37 E. Kubler-Ross, The Languages of Dying Patients, 10 Humanitas 5 (1974) ................................ 37 G. Story et al., Dread and the Disvalue of Future Pain, 10 PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY 10 (2014). ................................................................................................................ 36 H. Wass, et al., Dying: Facing the Facts 49-88 (Taylor and Francis, 3d ed. 1995) ...................... 38 Industry Statements and Action on Execution Drugs, Reprieve US (Feb. 9, 2017 ....................... 31 Joanna H. Groenewoud et al., Clinical Problems with the Performance of Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide in The Netherlands, 342 New England Journal of Medicine 551, 633 (2000) .................................................................................................................................. 27 vi Case 2:17-cv-02083-KOB Document 14 Filed 01/16/18 Page 7 of 52 Lethal Injection Chaos Post-Baze, 102 Geo. L.J. 1331, 1356 n.159 (2014) ................................... 5 Mona Chalabi, “How Often Are Executions Botched?” FiveThirtyEight (Apr. 30, 2014), https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/how-often-are-executions-botched/ (last visited Jan. 15, 2018). ......................................................................................................................................... 29 OED Online ................................................................................................................................... 24 Oregon Health Authority, Oregon Death with Dignity Act: Data Summary 2016 ....................... 25 Pfizer Inc., Policy Paper: Pfizer’s Position on Use of Our Products in Lethal Injections for Capital Punishment (Sept. 2017) ............................................................................................... 31 Public Assessment Report of the Medicines Evaluation Board in the Netherlands, ..................... 31 R. Neimeyer, ed., Death Anxiety Handbook: Research, Instrumentation, and Application (Taylor and Francis 1994). ...................................................................................................................... 38 See Press Release, Akorn Adopts Comprehensive Policy to Support the Use of Its Products to Promote Health (Mar. 4, 2015), ................................................................................................. 29 See S. Makin, Waiting for Pain Can Cause More Dread than Pain Itself, New Scientist (2013) 36 T. Pyszczynski et al., A Dual Process Model of Defense Against Conscious and Unconscious Death-Related Thoughts: An Extension of Terror Management Theory, 106 Psych. Rev. 835 (1999). ........................................................................................................................................ 37 W. Fordyce, Pain and Suffering: A Reappraisal, 43 Amer. Psychologist 276, 278 (1988) ......... 36 Constitutional Provisions U.S. Const. Amend. VIII ................................................................................................................. 4 vii Case 2:17-cv-02083-KOB Document 14 Filed 01/16/18 Page 8 of 52 I. INTRODUCTION This §1983 case presents a straightforward question: Whether an attempted lethal injection as planned for Doyle Lee Hamm in his current medical condition would violate the Eighth Amendment prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment? The controlling legal standard is also crystal clear. As the Eleventh Circuit recently reaffirmed on September 1, 2017, in the consolidated case of Frazier v. Commissioner, Case No. 16-16876, Slip. Op. at p. 5 (11th Cir. September 1, 2017), reversing the District Court for the Middle District of Alabama’s grant of summary judgment on a challenge to the Alabama lethal injection protocol, and on September 6, 2017, in the consolidated case of West v. Commissioner, Case No. 17-11536, Slip Op. at p. 6-7 (11th Cir. September 6, 2017), also reversing the District Court for the Middle District of Alabama’s grant of a motion to dismiss in another challenge to the Alabama lethal injection protocol, the Glossip/Baze legal standard requires (1) that the plaintiff demonstrate that the planned method of execution presents a substantial risk of serious harm, and (2) that the plaintiff identify an alternative that is feasible, readily implemented, and in fact significantly reduces a substantial risk of severe pain. The defendants filed a motion in opposition, see Doc. 12, that put into question a number of genuine issues of material fact, see Doc. 12 Exhibit D (Affidavit of Dr. Roy F. Roddam); Doc. 12 Exhibit E (Affidavit of James Dennis Butler); Doc. 12 Exhibit F (Affidavit of Kelley McDonald); Doc. 12 Exhibit G (Affidavit of Elisabeth Wood); and Doc. 12 Exhibit H (Akorn, Inc., pharmaceutical label for Midazolam). This Court is treating defendants’ motion in its entirety as a motion for summary judgment. See Doc. 13. Therefore, the case is now properly before the Court on defendants’ motion for summary judgment. 1 Case 2:17-cv-02083-KOB Document 14 Filed 01/16/18 Page 9 of 52 Under the well-established legal standard for summary judgment, this Court should deny the defendants’ motion because, in the affidavits and exhibits that they attach outside the pleadings of their motion and in the arguments that they make in their motion, the defendants have created multiple significant and genuine issues of material fact that are now in dispute concerning the question presented in Doyle Hamm’s case—factual disputes that now require a full evidentiary trial. The multiple material issues of fact now in dispute mostly revolve around one central factual disagreement: 1/ whether the defendants can successfully achieve venous access in Doyle Hamm’s situation for purposes of a lethal injection given his current medical condition. The multiple material issues of fact that grow out of this central factual dispute include, but are not limited to: 2/ whether there is now venous access for purposes of drawing blood from Doyle Hamm only in the tortuous little vein on the back of his right hand; 3/ whether venous access for purposes of drawing blood from his right hand would provide venous access for purposes of inserting a larger catheter into Doyle Hamm in order to perform a lethal injection from a remote distance from Doyle Hamm; 4/ whether Doyle Hamm now suffers from lymphadenopathy and whether that would present a substantial risk of serious harm that might interfere with a humane execution; 5/ whether Doyle Hamm’s medical condition and venous access got materially worse during the Spring of 2017; 6/ whether there exists a feasible, readily implementable, and legal alternative method of execution that would significantly reduce a substantial risk of severe pain; 7/ whether the defendants’ treatment of Doyle Hamm amounts to cruel and unusual 2 Case 2:17-cv-02083-KOB Document 14 Filed 01/16/18 Page 10 of 52 punishment; and 8/ whether defendants’ medical treatment (and non-treatment) of Doyle Hamm’s cancer amounts to cruel and unusual punishment. Because of the multiple material factual disputes surrounding Doyle Hamm’s as-applied challenge to the defendants’ planned lethal injection of him, this Court should deny defendants’ motion for summary judgment and set the case for a full evidentiary trial. In their affidavits just filed, the defendants also provided evidence for a new ground for relief and a new legal issue about whether the defendants are now currently violating the Eighth Amendment by adding to his sentence of death by lethal injection a constant stream of attempts to draw blood from him in cruel anticipation of his looming appointment with an unnecessarily painful attempted lethal injection. Doyle Hamm is accordingly filing today a first amended complaint and provides the legal and factual arguments for it here. I. THE LEGAL STANDARD FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT The legal standard for summary judgment is well known and has recently been reiterated in the context of a lethal injection challenge where the Eleventh Circuit reversed the District Court for the Middle District of Alabama for granting summary judgment. See Frazier v. Commissioner, Case No. 16-16876, (11th Cir. September 1, 2017). As the Eleventh Circuit reiterated in Frazier, “Under Rule 56(c), summary judgment is proper ‘if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.’” Frazier, Slip Op. at 22-23 (quoting Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986)). The Eleventh Circuit reminded us: “‘The movant has the 3