CAMBRIDGE GREEK AND LATIN CLASSICS General Editors P. E. Easterling RegiusProfessorEmeritusofGreek,UniversityofCambridge Philip Hardie SeniorResearchFellow,TrinityCollege,andHonoraryProfessorofLatin, UniversityofCambridge Richard Hunter RegiusProfessorofGreek,UniversityofCambridge E. J. Kenney KennedyProfessorEmeritusofLatin,UniversityofCambridge S. P. Oakley KennedyProfessorofLatin,UniversityofCambridge HERODOTUS H I S T O R I E S BOOK V edited by SIMON HORNBLOWER SeniorResearchFellow,AllSoulsCollege,Oxford UniversityPrintingHouse,Cambridgecb28bs,UnitedKingdom CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learningandresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521703406 (cid:2)C CambridgeUniversityPress2013 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2013 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyCPIGroupLtd,Croydoncr04yy AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata Herodotus. [History.Book5] Histories,BookV/Herodotus;editedbySimonHornblower. pages cm.–(CambridgeGreekandLatinclassics) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. isbn978-0-521-87871-5(hardback) 1.Greece–History–IonianRevolt,499–494b.c. I.Hornblower,Simon. II.Title. pa4002.a35 2013 938(cid:3).03–dc23 2013016267 isbn978-0-521-87871-5Hardback isbn978-0-521-70340-6Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication, anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. CONTENTS Listofmaps pagevi Preface vii Listofabbreviations ix Introduction 1 1 Structuralquestions 1 (a) Bookdivisions 1 (b) Books5and6inrelationtotheHistoriesasawhole 4 (c) Thestructureofbooks5and6 10 2 ThecausesoftheIonianrevolt 15 3 Chronologyofbook5(theIonianrevoltnarrative) 18 4 Kinshiptiesinbooks5and6 21 5 Personalnamesinbooks5and6 23 (a) Generalconsiderations 23 (b) Milesiannamesinbook5 25 (c) Milesianconclusions 28 (d) Non-Greeknamesinbooks5and6 28 (e) Non-naming 30 (f) Generalconclusions 31 6 Religion:gods,heroesandepiphanies 32 (a) Godsandepiphanies 33 (b) Heroes,heroinesandhero-cults 37 (c) Conclusion 41 7 Languageanddialect(byA.M.Bowie) 41 8 Text 47 ΗΡΟΔΟΤΟΥΙΣΤΟΡΙΩΝΕΤΕΡΨΙΧΟΡΗ 49 Commentary 93 Workscited 312 Indexes 1 Subjects 339 2 Greekwordsandphrases 350 v MAPS 1. Thrace,MacedoniaandnorthGreece pagexiv 2. AsiaMinor xv 3. GreeceandtheAegean xvi 4. SicilyandsouthItaly xix 5. WesternAchaemenidempire xx vi PREFACE Thissingle-authoredvolumeisplannedasoneofapairwithaneditionof and commentary on bk. 6 in the same series,by the present author and Christopher Pelling in collaboration. Some sections of the Introduction tothepresentvolumeconcernbk.5only;someconcernbothbooks;and some topics common to both books (Hdt. and Homer; Hdt.’s handling of Kleomenes and of Aigina) will be covered in the Introduction to bk. 6. Chronology will be covered in both volumes; for the distribution, see theIntroduction,3.Forwhatisknownorcanbeplausiblyinferredabout Herodotus’lifeandtravels,seeS.WestinBowie2007:127–130. The groundwork for the commentary on book 5 was done as part of graduate(MA)teachingatUniversityCollegeLondon(UCL).In2008–9, Itaughtbooks5and7jointlywithProfessorC.Carey,andin2009–10,my lastacademicyearatUCL,Itaughtbooks5and6onmyown.Iamgrateful toChrisCareyformanyinsightsandmuchsharedenjoyment,andtoall thestudentsfortheirstimulatingcontributions. The text is an adapted version of Hude’s OCT, taking account of the changeswhichwillbemadebyNigelWilsoninhisforthcomingreplace- ment OCT and in his companion volume Herodotea. Wilson and I went throughthetextofbook5inJuly2012anddiscussed,tomygreatprofit, problem passages flagged up by one or other or both of us. I have also exploitedPaulMaas’smarginalsuggestions,aspublishedinWilson2011. IwarmlyacknowledgeallNigelWilson’shelp,andhiswillingnesstomake hismaterialandconclusionsavailabletomeinadvanceofpublication.My ownapparatusisshortandmostlyconfinedtoessentials. Richard Catling, Stephen Colvin, Esther Eidinow, Maria Fragoulaki, AlanGriffiths,PatrickJames,AnneThompson,MartinWestandStephanie Westhelpedoverparticularproblems.ChrisPellingreadandcommented veryvaluablyonanearlydraftofthecommentary.TheGeneralEditors, Pat Easterling and Richard Hunter, commented in great detail and with greatpatienceonmorethanonedraftoftheentirework,Introductionas wellascommentary,andthebookismuchbetterasaresultoftheirtren- chantcomments.AngusBowiekindlygavepermissiontoreprinthissec- tiononHdt.’slanguage.AlanGriffithshelpedwiththeproof-correction, and made valuable last-minute suggestions of substance, indicated by ‘AHG’.EveryonetoldmehowluckyIwastobegivenMurielHallascopy- editor,andtheywerequiteright.Ithankhertoo. I am grateful to my college, All Souls, for electing me to the research fellowship which since October 2010 has enabled me to work simultaneously on this book and on a larger-scale commentary on the AlexandraofLykophron. vii viii PREFACE Finally, I thank Oswyn Murray for undergraduate teaching at Balliol College Oxford more than forty years ago, as well as for his writings on HerodotusgenerallyandontheIonianrevoltinparticular. Note:inscriptionsarequoted,infullorinpart,onlywhennotavailablein easilyaccessiblecollections.Otherwisemerereferencesaregiven,includ- ing, where possible, additional references (with ‘=’) to English transla- tionsinsourcebooksorelsewhere. ABBREVIATIONS I ANCIENT AUTHORS AND WORKS AbbreviationsforGreekandLatinauthorsusuallyfollowthoseinOCD4, except that Th. is Thucydides, Diod. is Diodorus and Pol. is Polybius; and Greek not Latin spellings are generally used, thus Lykoph. (i.e. Lykophron), not Lycoph., but not when a Latin spelling is very familiar indeed(thusAesch.notAiskh.forAeschylus). II HERODOTUS TEXTS AND COMMENTARIES REFERRED TO (SOME RELATING TO INDIVIDUAL BOOKS OR PAIRS OF BOOKS ONLY) Abicht K.Abicht,Herodotosfu¨rdenSchulgebraucherkla¨rt vol.iii,books5and6,Leipzig,1883 Bowie A.M.Bowie,HerodotusHistoriesbookVIII, Cambridge,2007 FlowerandMarincola M.FlowerandJ.Marincola,HerodotusHistories bookIX,Cambridge,2002 HowandWells W.W.HowandJ.Wells,CommentaryonHerodotus, 2vols,Oxford,1912 Hude C.Hude,HerodotiHistoriae,2vols.,Oxford1912 (OCT) Legrand P.Legrand,He´rodotelivreV.Terpsichore2,Paris Macan R.W.Macan,Herodotus,thefourth,fifthandsixth books(2vols.,London,1895)oroccasionally Herodotus:theseventh,eighthandninthbooks (3vols.,London,1908) Nenci (asappropriate)eitherG.Nenci,Erodoto:lestorie libroV,LarivoltadellaIonia,Florence,1994orG. Nenci,Erodoto:lestorieLibroVI,Labattagliadi Maratona,Florence,1998 OCT OxfordClassicalText.SeeunderHude,also Wilson Rose´n H.B.Rose´n,Herodotihistoriae(Teubnerednof Hdt.),2vols.,Leipzig,1987–97 Scott L.Scott,HistoricalcommentaryonHerodotusbook6, LeidenandBoston,2005 Stein H.Stein,Herodotos6,Berlin,1901 ix x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Wilson N.G.Wilson,forthcomingnewOCTofHdt.,or theaccompanyingHerodotea,whereparticular passagesarediscussedingreaterdetail III OTHER ABBREVIATIONS AHG AlanGriffiths,personalcommunication AO R.Develin,Athenianofficials684–321BC, Cambridge,1989 APF J.K.Davies,Athenianpropertiedfamilies600–300BC, Oxford app.(crit.) apparatus(criticus),i.e.thematerialprintedatthe footofthetext,givingtextualvariantsand emendations AR ArchaeologicalReports,bookletissuedannuallywith JHS ATL B.D.Meritt,H.T.Wade-GeryandM.F.McGregor, TheAtheniantributelists,4vols.,Princeton, 1939–53 Barr. R.Talbert(ed.),BarringtonatlasoftheGreekand Romanworld,Princeton,2000;theaccompanying map-by-mapDirectory(also2000,alsoed.R. Talbert:2vols.withcontinuouspagination)isalso sometimescited BE BulletinEpigraphique(inRevuedesE´tudesgrecques) Beloch K.J.Beloch,GriechischeGeschichte,2ndedn,4vols. in8,Strasburg,BerlinandLeipzig,1912–27 BNJ I.Worthington(generaled.),Brill’snewJacoby, Leiden,2006– Brill’scompanion E.J.Bakker,I.deJongandH.vanWees(eds.), Brill’scompaniontoHerodotus,Leiden,Bostonand Cologne,2002 Busolt G.Busolt,GriechischeGeschichte,3vols.,Gotha, 1893–1904(vols.1and2ina2ndedn) CAH CambridgeAncientHistory,newedn.Thevols.most citedareJ.Boardman,I.E.S.Edwards,N.G.L. HammondandE.Sollberger(eds.),vol.3part1 (1982);J.BoardmanandN.G.L.Hammond (eds.),vol.3part3(1982);D.M.Lewis,J. Boardman,J.K.DaviesandM.Ostwald(eds.), vol.5(1992);D.M.Lewis,J.Boardman,S. HornblowerandM.Ostwald(eds.),vol.6(1994). NotealsoJ.Boardman(ed.),PlatesVolumeto Vols.5and6(1994)