Revised_layout_Alison_Rowley:Layout 1 16/8/07 10:55 Page 1 HELEN FRANKENTHALER Revised_layout_Alison_Rowley:Layout 1 16/8/07 10:55 Page 2 Revised_layout_Alison_Rowley:Layout 1 16/8/07 10:55 Page 3 HELEN FRANKENTHALER Painting History, Writing Painting ALISON ROWLEY Revised_layout_Alison_Rowley:Layout 1 16/8/07 10:55 Page 4 Publishedin2007byI.B.Tauris&CoLtd 6SalemRoad,LondonW24BU 175FifthAvenue,NewYorkNY10010 www.ibtauris.com IntheUnitedStatesof AmericaandCanadadistributedbyPalgraveMacmillan adivisionof St.Martin’sPress,175FifthAvenue,NewYorkNY10010 Copyright©2007AlisonRowley Therightof AlisonRowleytobeidentifiedastheauthorof thisworkhasbeen assertedbytheauthorinaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentAct 1988. Allrightsreserved.Exceptforbrief quotationsinareview,thisbook,oranypart thereof,maynotbereproduced,storedinorintroducedintoaretrievalsystem,or transmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying, recordingorotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionof thepublisher. ISBN(HB):9781845115180 ISBN(PB):9781845115197 AfullCIPrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary AfullCIPrecordisavailablefromtheLibraryof Congress Libraryof CongressCatalogCardNumber:available PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyTJInternationalLtd,Padstow,Cornwall Fromcamera-readycopyeditedandsuppliedbytheauthor Revised_layout_Alison_Rowley:Layout 1 16/8/07 10:55 Page 5 For Anne Revised_layout_Alison_Rowley:Layout 1 16/8/07 10:55 Page 6 Revised_layout_Alison_Rowley:Layout 1 16/8/07 10:55 Page 7 CONTENTS Illustrations viii Acknowledgements xi Preface xiii 1 MountainsandSea:Cézanne’sCountryinNewYork andNovaScotia 1 2 1927:OtherCountries,OtherCézannes 22 3 ASpatialFeelingConnectedwithLandscapes 45 4 SomethingNewinTermsof Nature 60 5 APaintingof theRosenbergEra 86 6 Eden:EtinArcadiaEgo 106 PostFactum 123 Notes 130 Bibliography 152 Index 163 Revised_layout_Alison_Rowley:Layout 1 16/8/07 10:55 Page 8 ILLUSTRATIONS Figures Fig.1 PaulCézanneonthehillof LesLauves,c.1905,photographerEmileBernard, frontispieceof ‘Cézanne’sCountry’byErleLoranJohnson.Reproducedcourtesy of theNationalGalleryof Art,WashingtonD.C.,GalleryArchives. Fig.2 Illustrations from Cézanne’s Composition: Analysis of his Form with Diagrams and Photographsof hisMotifs,byErleLoran[1947],©1971ErleLoran,publishedbythe University of California Press. Paul Cézanne, Mont Sainte-Victoire Seen from the BibemusQuarry,c.1897,oiloncanvas,251⁄8x311⁄2in.(65.1x80cm.)Baltimore Museumof Art:TheConeCollection,formedbyDrClaribelConeandMiss EttaConeof Baltimore,MarylandBMA1950.196. Fig.3 Mapof Aix-en-Provence,reproducedin‘TheLastMotifsatAix’byJohnRewald, Cézanne:TheLateWork,ed.byWilliamRubinLondon:ThamesandHudson,1983, originalinthecollectionof theAmericanArchivesof Art. Fig.4 JacksonPollock,Echo(Number25),1951,enameloncanvas,917⁄8x86in.(233.4x 218.4cm.)NewYork,Museumof ModernArt©ARS,NYandDACS,London 2006;©2005Digitalimage,TheMuseumof ModernArt,NewYork/Scala, Florence. Fig.5 Paintings of L’ Estaque by Paul Cézanne in the catalogue of Cézanne: Paintings, WatercolorsandDrawings:ALoanExhibition,(Chicago:TheArtInstituteof Chicago, NewYork:TheMetropolitanMuseumof Art,1952). Fig.6 Cap Rouge on the Cabot Trail, c.1956. Reproduced courtesy of the Nova Scotia ArchivesandRecordsManagement. Fig.7 Villageof CapeNorth,c.1954.Reproducedcourtesyof theNovaScotiaArchives andRecordsManagement. Fig.8 JacksonPollock,Number14,1951,enameloncanvas,575⁄8x107in.(146.4x271.8 cm.)TateGallery,London,©ARS,NYandLondon2005;©Tate,London2005. Fig.9 KennethNoland,DarkSweetCherry,1966,acryliconcanvas,56x70in.(142.24x 177.8cm.)Collectionof DavidandAudreyMirvish,Toronto. Fig.10 MarthaRosler,UnknownSecrets(TheSecretof theRosenbergs),1988,detailof 3-part installationwithphotosilkscreen,towelrack,JELL-O,box,andtexthandout. Courtesytheartist. Revised_layout_Alison_Rowley:Layout 1 16/8/07 10:55 Page 9 ILLUSTRATIONS ix Fig.11 MarthaRosler,UnknownSecrets(TheSecretof theRosenbergs),1988,detailof 3-part installationwithphotosilkscreen,towelrack,JELL-O,box,andtexthandout. Courtesytheartist. Fig.12 MorrisLouis,CharredJournal:FirewrittenIV,1951,acrylicresin(magna)oncanvas, Copenhagen,LouisianaMuseumof ModernArt©LouisianaMuseumof Art. Photograph,LouisianaMuseumof Art. Fig.13 MorrisLouis,CharredJournal:FirewrittenV,1951,acrylicresin(magna)oncanvas, 34x36in.(86.3x91.4cm.) NewYork,TheJewishMuseum©2006.PhotoThe JewishMuseum/ArtResource/Scala,Florence. Fig.14 ‘EthelandJuliusRosenbergareseparatedbyawirescreenastheyaretransported toSingSingPrison,’Life,16April1951.Photograph,EMPICS. Fig.15 ‘MarilynMonroeinastraplessdressandhairstylefavouredinthemid1950s’. PublicityStill.©Bettman/Corbis. Fig.16 Illustrations in Meaning in the Visual Arts: Papers in and on Art History by Erwin Panofsky,1955edition.Reproducedcourtesyof DrGerdaS.Panofsky.Nicholas Poussin, The Arcadian Shepherds, c. 1628-1630. © The Devonshire Collection, Chatsworth.Reproducedbypermissionof theChatsworthSettlementTrustees. EtinArcadiaego,GiovanniFrancescoBarbierei,knownasIIGuercino,c.1440, Rome, Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica in Palazzo Barberini. Photograph, ArchivoFotograficoSoprintendenzaSpecialeperilPoloMusealeRomano. Fig.17 NicolasPoussin,TheArcadianShepherds,alsoknownas‘EtinArcadiaEgo’c.1638- 40, oil on canvas, 33 1⁄2x 47 3⁄4in. (85 x 121 cm.) Paris, musée du Louvre, as illustratedinMeaningintheVisualArts:PapersinandonArtHistoryParis,courtesyof DrGerdaS.Panofsky. Fig.18 NicolasPoussin,TheArcadianShepherds,alsoknownas‘EtinArcadiaEgo’,c.1638- 40, oil on canvas, 33 1⁄2 x 47 3⁄4 in. (85 x 121 cm.) Paris, musée du Louvre. PhotographRMN/©René-GabrielOje˙da(detail). Fig.19 HelenFrankenthaler,MotherGooseMelody,1959,oiloncanvas,82x104in.(208.3 x 264.1 cm.) Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond. Gift of Sydney and FrancesLewis.©2007HelenFrankenthaler.©PhotographVirginiaMuseumof FineArts. Plates Pl.1 Helen Frankenthaler, Mountains and Sea, 1952, oil and charcoal on unprimed canvas, 86 5⁄8 x 117¼ in. (220 x 297.8 cm.) Collection: Helen Frankenthaler Foundation, Inc. (on loan to the National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.) ©2007HelenFrankenthaler.Image©Boardof Trustees,NationalGalleryof Art,Washington. Pl.2 HelenFrankenthaler,GreatMeadows,1951,watercolourandsyntheticpolymeron paper,22x30½in.(56x77.4cm.)NewYork,Museumof ModernArt©2007 HelenFrankenthaler.©2006DigitalImageTheMuseumof ModernArt,New York/Scala,Florence. Pl.3 PaulCézanne,MontSainte-Victoire(LaMontagneSainte-VictoireVuedesLauvesenHiver), c.1901-1906,watercolourandgraphiteonpalebuff wovepaper;31x47.6cm. (121⁄4x183⁄4in.)TheHenryandRosePearlmanFoundation;onlong-termloan tothePrincetonUniversityArtMuseum.PhotographBruceM.White. Revised_layout_Alison_Rowley:Layout 1 16/8/07 10:55 Page 10 x HELENFRANKENTHALER Pl.4 VanessaBell,TheBeachStudland,c.1911,oilonboard,10x131⁄2in.(25.5x34.5 cm.) Private Collection, © 1961 Estate of Vanessa Bell, courtesy Henrietta Garnett.PhotographcourtesySotherby’s,London. Pl.5 VanessaBell,StudlandBeach,c.1912,oiloncanvas,30x40in.(76.2x101.6cm.) TateGallery,London,©1961Estateof VanessaBell,courtesyHenriettaGarnett. Photograph©Tate,London2005. Pl.6 HelenFrankenthaler,WithBlue,1953,oiloncanvas,35x31in.(89.9x78.7cm.) PrivateCollection,©2007HelenFrankenthaler. Pl.7 BridgetRiley,WinterPalace,1981,oilonlinen,831⁄2x721⁄4in.(212.1x183.5cm.) LeedsCityArtGallery,©theartist. Pl.8 AndyWarhol,LavenderDisaster,1963,acrylicandsilkscreeninkoncanvas,108x 82 in. (274 x 208 cm.) The Menil Collection, Huston; © The Andy Warhol FoundationfortheVisualArts,Inc./ARS,NYandDACS,London2005. Pl.9 MorrisLouis,Salient,1954,acryliconcanvas,741⁄2x99in.(189.2x252cm.) CourtesyTheDonaldandBarbaraZuckerFamilyFoundation. Pl.10 HelenFrankenthaler,HôtelduQuaiVoltaire,1956,mixedmediaonpaper,153⁄8x 23in.(38.1x58.4cm.)PrivateCollection.©2007HelenFrankenthaler. Pl.11 HelenFrankenthaler,Eden,1956,oilonunprimedcanvas,103x117in.(261.6x 297.2cm.)Privatecollection.©2007HelenFrankenthaler.Image©Geoffrey Clements/Corbis. Pl.12 HelenFrankenthaler,Landscape(Nice,France),1956,watercolouronpaper,9½x12 ½in.(22.8x30.4cm.)PrivateCollection.©2007HelenFrankenthaler. Pl.13 FriedelDzubas,EarlyGrave,1957,oiloncanvas,961⁄2x47in.(240.9x120cm.) Courtesyof theElkonGallery,Inc.,NewYorkCity. Pl.14 NicolasPoussin,TheArcadianShepherds,alsoknownas‘EtinArcadiaEgo’,c.1638- 40, oil on canvas, 33 1⁄2 x 47 3⁄4 in (85 x 121 cm) Paris, musée du Louvre. PhotographRMN/©René-GabrielOje˙da. Pl.15 HelenFrankenthaler,MotherGooseMelody,1959,oilonunprimedcanvas,82x104 in.(208.3x264.1cm.)VirginiaMuseumof FineArts,Richmond.Giftof Sydney andFrancesLewis.©2007HelenFrankenthaler.©PhotographVirginiaMuseum of FineArts.Detailreproducedasthecoverof thecataloguefortheexhibition After Mountains and Sea: Frankenthaler 1956-1959, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum,courtesytheSolomonR.GuggenheimMuseum. Pl.16 BrachaLichtenbergEttinger,Eurydiceno.13,(1994-1996).Oilpaintingmixedwith black photocopy toner and pigments on paper mounted on canvas. Private Collection.Photographcourtesytheartist. Theauthorandpublisheraregratefultoallthoseindividualsandorganisationslistedabove whohavegrantedpermissiontoreproducepictures.Everyefforthasbeenmadetoobtain permissiontousecopyrightmaterialbutif foranyreasontherequesthasnotbeenreceived thecopyrightholdershouldcontactthepublisher.