Heart and the circulatory system By Charlie Ogden Designed by Danielle Jones ©2017 Written by: Book Life Charlie Ogden King's Lynn Heart Norfolk PE30 4LS Edited by: Mike Clark ISBN: 978-1-78637-169-0 Designed by: All rights reserved Danielle Jones Printed in Malaysia A catalogue record for this book and the circulatory system is available from the British Library Page 4 The Human Body Page 6 The Circulatory System Words that look Page 8 Vessel Mania like this are Page 10 Happy Heart explained in the glossary on page Page 12 Pump It Up 31. Page 14 It’s in Your Blood Page 18 To Make a Lung Story Short Page 22 Arteries - Why, Aorta! Page 24 Working in Vein Page 26 Heartbreakers Page 28 Circulation Information Page 30 Test in Your Chest Hi, I’m Dr. Anne Page 31 Glossary Yurism. Follow me to start your journey Page 32 Index through the circulatory Photo Credits Abbreviations: l-left, r-right, b-bottom, t-top, c-centre, m-middle. 6 –All _White Background. 8 – Taborsky. 13 – Julian Rovagnati. 14 – Gaby Kooijman. 17ml – untitled 17bl – Kletr. 18 – mimagephotography. 21 – Funny Solution Studio. 26bl – Andrey_ Popov bm – Varina C br – Ljupco Smokovski. 27tl – Alexander Mak bl – Freedom_Studio. Images are courtesy of Shutterstock.com. With thanks to Getty Images, Thinkstock Photo and iStockphoto. The Systems of the Body The first thing that you need to from getting sick or know about the body is that it uses helping to keep the systems. The systems of the body body strong. are made up of groups of organs that work together. Each system of the body has its own important job BODy to do, such as stopping the body There are lots of different systems in the body, but some are more important than others. Four of the most important systems in the body are: The human body is very complicated. The body is full of organs, bones, muscles The The and blood and all of these parts are Circulatory Respiratory wrapped up in a thin layer of skin. Because System System of this, finding your way around the human body can be very difficult and dangerous if you don’t have a guide. But lucky for you, I am here – so let our journey begin! There are over 75 organs in the HUMAN The The BODY! Nervous Digestive System System 4 5 The It is the circulatory system’s job to move blood all around the body. Everyday, about five litres of blood are rushing around your body through your circulatory system. What makes the circulatory system SySTEM so important is that blood carries 1 1 oxygen. Oxygen is a gas that is LitrLeitre Lit1Lr eit1r e found in the air and all of the Li1 The circulatory system is made organs and muscles in the human tre body need oxygen to work properly. up of the heart and blood vessels. Blood vessels stretch to every part Blood vessels are tubes in the body of the body because every part of that are made of tissue. These blood the body needs the oxygen that is vessels stretch to every single part carried in the blood. of the body, including the lungs and the brain. The job of the circulatory system is to move blood around the body. The heart is an organ in the circulatory system that is made out of very strong muscles. The muscles in the heart can squeeze together to pump blood to every part of the body. It only takes about one minute for BLOOD to travel ALL THE WAY THROUGH the circul atory system. 6 7 VEINS After the blood has gone through call this deoxygenated blood. The the capillaries, it goes into the oxygen in the blood was used up Mania liIBtnfh ALeye,OoR hiutOOu wlmDUaoi aNduVn lDo dEbu SoRTtS daEHEylAlE L ioC nSf H ait nh e vttdoheowrieonsaus rn.gd oThst h vthheea eibvn hlesoe ooiasdxr t ayt lgahwneanadt y miisnt o guivotse.ui snWa glel yb ack bthyr othueg hb othdey cwahpeilnla trhiees b.lood moved There are three types of blood EARTH two and a vessel in the body. They are: half times. An easy way to remember that arteries take blood away from the heart is by remembering that ‘artery’ and ‘away’ ARTERIES both begin with the letter A! Veins, on the other hand, always bring blood back These blood vessels always carry hasn’t yet reached the parts of the towards the heart. blood away from the heart, usually body that need the oxygen. When towards the rest of the body. The blood has oxygen in it, we say that blood carried in arteries usually the blood is oxygenated. has oxygen in it, as the blood When we look at the blood vessels CAPILLARIES in our arms and legs, they look blue. This is not because the blood is blue. Blood vessels just After the blood has been pumped and muscles, but the capillaries appear blue when they are looked through the arteries, it goes into take the blood through the organs at through skin. the capillaries. Capillaries are and muscles. The capillaries make very tiny blood vessels inside the it so that the organs and muscles in Look out for these body’s organs and muscles. The the body can use the oxygen in the signs. The pink section arteries take blood to the organs blood. shows you where we are in the body! Artery Vein Capillary 8 9 TWO HALVES MAKE A WHOLE Happy The circulatory system is split into two parts. The first part of the circulatory system takes oxygenated blood around the body. Once the body has used the oxygen, the blood gets taken back to the heart. However, the blood that goes back to the heart from the body no longer has any oxygen in it. Next we move on to the best part of the circulatory system – the heart! The heart is the most important part of the circulatory system. It is made from very strong muscles and it is hollow. This first part of the circulatory system is known The human heart takes in blood from a as systemic circulation. lot of different veins. When the heart is A child’s heart is full of blood, it squeezes itself together. usually about the same The heart is entirely made of muscle, The second part of the circulatory system puts size as their fist. meaning that it can squeeze itself oxygen back into the blood. The heart also pumps together very tightly. When the heart deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Here, the blood can squeezes itself together, it pushes blood pick up more oxygen. It then gets pumped back to the into the arteries. This is what doctors mean when we say that heart so that it can take the oxygen around the body. the heart ‘pumps’ blood. This second part of the circulatory system is Lungs known as pulmonary Blood from circulation. the lungs Each time Blood to OXGENATED the HEART the lungs squeezes together to PUMP BLOOD around the DEOXGENATED body, it is called a Heart heartbeat. Blood to the body Blood from Body the body 10 11 BLOOD-A-DUB-DUB UP it Sometimes the heart beats very quickly and other times the heart beats much slower. The heart is the most important part of the circulatory system because it This is because the body doesn’t pumps the blood around the body. Because there are two main parts to the always need the same amount of circulatory system, there are also two main parts to the heart. oxygen. The heart beats faster when the body needs more oxygen and The right side of the heart takes in After the blood has picked up more slowly when the body needs blood that has just been pumped oxygen in the lungs, it is pumped less oxygen. around the body. This blood is back into the heart. This time, deoxygenated, so the right side of however, the blood is pumped the heart pumps it to the lungs so into the left side of the heart. This that it can pick up oxygen. side of the heart then pumps the oxygenated blood around the rest of To the the body. From the UBpopdeyr UBpopdeyr Youh ceana freetl byoeura otw n ToL uRnigght ToL uLnegft 11 1Y 1D TeH Maaoiyrmiunruete310406,,H0060N0,0–e00u010a,00m0r00t0bbeera otfs tNbiCmyiEhn eceC syoc koKuyu noy rtuaoi rnCnu dghrH eWhhaEeorawtRS rb TtIm erS,a aaTttnse. y i n 60 SECONDS. From Right From Right Side of Left Lung Lung Left Heart Side of The body needs more oxygen than more quickly and their Heart usual when a person does exercise. heart beats faster to try From the The amount of Lower Body TIMES that your This is because the muscles in the to get more oxygen into HEART BEATS in body use up oxygen when they the body. a MINUTE move. People move their muscles An exercising person’s is called your a lot during exercise, meaning heart rate can be as high as heart rate. that they use up the oxygen in 200 beats per minute. To the their blood more quickly. When a Lower Body person does exercise, they breathe 12 13 Plasma It's in yOUR Blood is mostly made up of a substance called plasma. Plasma is a yellow liquid that contains lots of things Even though the heart is the most important part of the circulatory system, that help the body. However, it would be useless without the blood. Blood carries oxygen plasma’s main job is to help to every single part of the body. However, this is not its only job. Blood is the red blood cells, white blood made up of four main things that help it to do lots of different jobs. cells and platelets to move through the body. Red Blood Cells Imagine that a blood vessel is like a Blood is made up of a lot of red water slide. The water is the plasma blood cells. It is these red blood and the people on the water slide cells that pick up oxygen in the are the red blood cells, white blood lungs and carry it to the rest of cells and platelets. The plasma the body. helps the other things in blood to The plasma in blood works in the same way move through the blood vessels. White Blood Cells as the water in this slide. Blood also contains white blood cells. White blood cells help the This is a diagram of a body to stay healthy by fighting drop of blood. It shows off germs. that blood is mostly made up of plasma and red blood cells. Plasma 54% Platelets Platelets 1% White Blood also contains platelets. blood cells 1% Platelets repair blood vessels when they get damaged. If you cut yourself and you didn’t have any platelets in your blood, you would Red blood never stop bleeding! cells 44% 14 15 Over time, the different things keep making blood. Even though A DROP OF BLOOD that make up blood get used up red blood cells, white blood by the body. Because of this, the cells, platelets and plasma are all body needs to keep making red important parts of blood, they are You have probably seen blood blood cells, white blood cells, not all made in the same place. before and you might be wondering platelets and plasma so that it can why you never saw any red blood cells or platelets in it. Well, this is because these things are so DOWN TO THE BONE small that you can’t see them without special tools. Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are all made In a drop of blood about this inside your bones! In the size there are … centre of bones is a soft, jelly-like substance called bone marrow. All of your red blood cells, all of your platelets and most of your white blood cells are made by this bone marrow. … between 7,000 and 24,000 white blood cells … SPILL yOUR GUTS … 300,000 Plasma comes from the food and platelets … water that goes into the body. It passes into the blood from the intestines, which are also called the … and 5,000,000 guts. red blood cells! This is a microscope. Doctors and scientists use these to see things that are too small to see with just their eyes. 16 17 To Make a The circulatory system takes oxygen out of the air that is in the lungs and puts it into the blood. Story After this, red blood cells carry the oxygen to all the muscles and Short organs in the body. These red blood cells The lungs have a very important job in the circulatory system. The are going to the lungs to lungs pull air into the body and push air out of the body. Air contains drop off carbon dioxide the oxygen that the body needs. This means that without the lungs, the and pick up oxygen. circulatory system could not do its job. You might think that because the body gets These oxygenated red oxygen from the air, that the air would be blood cells are going back mostly made up of oxygen. However, this is not to the heart to be pumped true. Most of the air we breathe is made up of around the body. things that the body doesn’t need. 1% Argon 1% Argon + When your body then swapped with the + Water Carbon Dioxide Vapour uses up oxygen, it oxygen in the lungs. + Water Vapour 21% makes a gas called When we breathe out, Oxygen 5% Carbon carbon dioxide. The we get rid of the carbon Dioxide body does not need dioxide that the body 16% carbon dioxide. The doesn’t need. This is Oxygen circulatory system why we breathe out takes the unwanted more carbon dioxide carbon dioxide to the than we breathe in! lungs. The carbon Air We dioxide in the blood is Breathe In Air We Breathe Out 78% 78% Nitrogen Nitrogen 18 19