DK834X_half 8/31/05 9:39 AM Page A Handbook of Organization Theory and Management The Philosophical Approach Second Edition DK834X_series.qxd 9/16/05 11:41 AM Page 1 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND PUBLIC POLICY A Comprehensive Publication Program Executive Editor JACK RABIN Professor of Public Administration and Public Policy School of Public Affairs The Capital College The Pennsylvania State University—Harrisburg Middletown, Pennsylvania Assistant to the Executive Editor T. Aaron Wachhaus, Jr. 1. Public Administration as a Developing Discipline, Robert T. Golembiewski 2. Comparative National Policies on Health Care, Milton I. Roemer, M.D. 3. Exclusionary Injustice: The Problem of Illegally Obtained Evidence,Steven R. Schlesinger 5. Organization Development in Public Administration, edited by Robert T. Golembiewski and William B. Eddy 7. Approaches to Planned Change,Robert T. Golembiewski 8. Program Evaluation at HEW,edited by James G. Abert 9. The States and the Metropolis,Patricia S. Florestano and Vincent L. Marando 11. Changing Bureaucracies: Understanding the Organization before Selecting the Approach,William A. Medina 12. Handbook on Public Budgeting and Financial Management, edited by Jack Rabin and Thomas D. Lynch 15. Handbook on Public Personnel Administration and Labor Relations,edited by Jack Rabin, Thomas Vocino, W. Bartley Hildreth, and Gerald J. Miller 19. Handbook of Organization Management,edited by William B. Eddy 22. Politics and Administration: Woodrow Wilson and American Public Administration,edited by Jack Rabin and James S. Bowman 23. Making and Managing Policy: Formulation, Analysis, Evaluation,edited by G. Ronald Gilbert 25. Decision Making in the Public Sector,edited by Lloyd G. Nigro 26. Managing Administration,edited by Jack Rabin, Samuel Humes, and Brian S. Morgan DK834X_series.qxd 9/16/05 11:41 AM Page 2 27. Public Personnel Update,edited by Michael Cohen and Robert T. Golembiewski 28. State and Local Government Administration,edited by Jack Rabin and Don Dodd 29. Public Administration: A Bibliographic Guide to the Literature, Howard E. McCurdy 31. Handbook of Information Resource Management,edited by Jack Rabin and Edward M. Jackowski 32. Public Administration in Developed Democracies: A Comparative Study, edited by Donald C. Rowat 33. The Politics of Terrorism: Third Edition, edited by Michael Stohl 34. Handbook on Human Services Administration,edited by Jack Rabin and Marcia B. Steinhauer 36. Ethics for Bureaucrats: An Essay on Law and Values, Second Edition, John A. Rohr 37. The Guide to the Foundations of Public Administration, Daniel W. Martin 39. Terrorism and Emergency Management: Policy and Administration,William L. Waugh, Jr. 40. Organizational Behavior and Public Management: Second Edition, Michael L. Vasu, Debra W. Stewart, and G. David Garson 43. Government Financial Management Theory,Gerald J. Miller 46. Handbook of Public Budgeting, edited by Jack Rabin 49. Handbook of Court Administration and Management, edited by Steven W. Hays and Cole Blease Graham, Jr. 50. Handbook of Comparative Public Budgeting and Financial Management, edited by Thomas D. Lynch and Lawrence L. Martin 53. Encyclopedia of Policy Studies: Second Edition, edited by Stuart S. Nagel 54. Handbook of Regulation and Administrative Law, edited by David H. Rosenbloom and Richard D. Schwartz 55. Handbook of Bureaucracy,edited by Ali Farazmand 56. Handbook of Public Sector Labor Relations, edited by Jack Rabin, Thomas Vocino, W. Bartley Hildreth, and Gerald J. Miller 57. Practical Public Management, Robert T. Golembiewski 58. Handbook of Public Personnel Administration, edited by Jack Rabin, Thomas Vocino, W. Bartley Hildreth, and Gerald J. Miller 60. Handbook of Debt Management, edited by Gerald J. Miller 61. Public Administration and Law: Second Edition, David H. Rosenbloom and Rosemary O’Leary 62. Handbook of Local Government Administration, edited by John J. Gargan DK834X_series.qxd 9/16/05 11:41 AM Page 3 63. Handbook of Administrative Communication, edited by James L. Garnett and Alexander Kouzmin 64. Public Budgeting and Finance: Fourth Edition, edited by Robert T. Golembiewski and Jack Rabin 65. Handbook of Public Administration: Second Edition, edited by Jack Rabin, W. Bartley Hildreth, and Gerald J. Miller 66. Handbook of Organization Theory and Management: The Philosophical Approach, edited by Thomas D. Lynch and Todd J. Dicker 67. Handbook of Public Finance, edited by Fred Thompson and Mark T. Green 68. Organizational Behavior and Public Management: Third Edition, Michael L. Vasu, Debra W. Stewart, and G. David Garson 69. Handbook of Economic Development, edited by Kuotsai Tom Liou 70. Handbook of Health Administration and Policy, edited by Anne Osborne Kilpatrick and James A. Johnson 71. Handbook of Research Methods in Public Administration, edited by Gerald J. Miller and Marcia L. Whicker 72. Handbook on Taxation, edited by W. Bartley Hildreth and James A. Richardson 73.Handbook of Comparative Public Administration in the Asia-Pacific Basin, edited by Hoi-kwok Wong and Hon S. Chan 74.Handbook of Global Environmental Policy and Administration, edited by Dennis L. Soden and Brent S. Steel 75.Handbook of State Government Administration, edited by John J. Gargan 76. Handbook of Global Legal Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel 78. Handbook of Global Economic Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel 79.Handbook of Strategic Management: Second Edition, edited by Jack Rabin, Gerald J. Miller, and W. Bartley Hildreth 80. Handbook of Global International Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel 81. Handbook of Organizational Consultation: Second Edition, edited by Robert T. Golembiewski 82. Handbook of Global Political Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel 83. Handbook of Global Technology Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel 84. Handbook of Criminal Justice Administration, edited by M. A. DuPont-Morales, Michael K. Hooper, and Judy H. Schmidt 85. Labor Relations in the Public Sector: Third Edition, edited by Richard C. Kearney 86. Handbook of Administrative Ethics: Second Edition, edited by Terry L. Cooper 87. Handbook of Organizational Behavior: Second Edition, edited by Robert T. Golembiewski DK834X_series.qxd 9/16/05 11:41 AM Page 4 88. Handbook of Global Social Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel and Amy Robb 89. Public Administration: A Comparative Perspective, Sixth Edition, Ferrel Heady 90. Handbook of Public Quality Management, edited by Ronald J. Stupak and Peter M. Leitner 91. Handbook of Public Management Practice and Reform, edited by Kuotsai Tom Liou 92. Personnel Management in Government: Politics and Process, Fifth Edition, Jay M. Shafritz, Norma M. Riccucci, David H. Rosenbloom, Katherine C. Naff, and Albert C. Hyde 93. Handbook of Crisis and Emergency Management, edited by Ali Farazmand 94. Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration: Second Edition, edited by Ali Farazmand 95. Financial Planning and Management in Public Organizations, Alan Walter Steiss and Emeka O. Cyprian Nwagwu 96. Handbook of International Health Care Systems, edited by Khi V. Thai, Edward T. Wimberley, and Sharon M. McManus 97. Handbook of Monetary Policy, edited by Jack Rabin and Glenn L. Stevens 98. Handbook of Fiscal Policy, edited by Jack Rabin and Glenn L. Stevens 99. Public Administration: An Interdisciplinary Critical Analysis, edited by Eran Vigoda 100. Ironies in Organizational Development: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded,edited by Robert T. Golembiewski 101. Science and Technology of Terrorism and Counterterrorism, edited by Tushar K. Ghosh, Mark A. Prelas, Dabir S. Viswanath, and Sudarshan K. Loyalka 102. Strategic Management for Public and Nonprofit Organizations, Alan Walter Steiss 103. Case Studies in Public Budgeting and Financial Management: Second Edition, edited by Aman Khan and W. Bartley Hildreth 104. Handbook of Conflict Management, edited by William J. Pammer, Jr. and Jerri Killian 105. Chaos Organization and Disaster Management, Alan Kirschenbaum 106. Handbook of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Administration and Policy, edited by Wallace Swan 107. Public Productivity Handbook: Second Edition, edited by Marc Holzer 108. Handbook of Developmental Policy Studies, edited by Gedeon M. Mudacumura, Desta Mebratu and M. Shamsul Haque 109. Bioterrorism in Medical and Healthcare Administration, Laure Paquette DK834X_series.qxd 9/16/05 11:41 AM Page 5 110. International Public Policy and Management: Policy Learning Beyond Regional, Cultural, and Political Boundaries, edited by David Levi-Faur and Eran Vigoda-Gadot 111. Handbook of Public Information Systems, Second Edition, edited by G. David Garson 112. Handbook of Public Sector Economics, edited by Donijo Robbins 113. Handbook of Public Administration and Policy in the European Union, edited by M. Peter van der Hoek 114. Nonproliferation Issues for Weapons of Mass Destruction, Mark A. Prelas and Michael S. Peck 115. Common Ground, Common Future: Moral Agency in Public Administration, Professions, and Citizenship, Charles Garofalo and Dean Geuras 116. Handbook of Organization Theory and Management: The Philosophical Approach, Second Edition, edited by Thomas D. Lynch and Peter L. Cruise Available Electronically Principles and Practices of Public Administration,edited by Jack Rabin, Robert F. Munzenrider, and Sherrie M. Bartell DK834X_title 9/19/05 9:37 AM Page i Handbook of Organization Theory and Management The Philosophical Approach Second Edition edited by Thomas D. Lynch Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Louisiana Peter L. Cruise California State University, Chico Chico, California Boca Raton London New York A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc. DK834X_Discl.fm Page 1 Monday, September 12, 2005 9:41 AM Published in 2006 by CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-8493-3834-4 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-3834-2 (Hardcover) Library of Congress Card Number 2005043996 This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. 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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Handbook of organizational theory and management : the philosophical approach / [edited by] Thomas D. Lynch, Peter Cruise.-- 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8493-3834-4 (alk. : alk. paper) 1. Industrial organization (Economic theory) I. Lynch, Thomas Dexter, 1942- II. Cruise, Peter. HD2326.H283 2005 338.6--dc22 2005043996 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com Taylor & Francis Group and the CRC Press Web site at is the Academic Division of Informa plc. http://www.crcpress.com DK834X_C000.fm Page ix Thursday, September 22, 2005 10:15 AM Preface This is the second edition of the Handbook, again addressed to uniting philosophy and public administration. Few subjects are more influenced by philosophy than the form of governance a public selects to guide and administer its public affairs. Yet, the literature continues to be strangely silent about the relation between the two. It continues to be our hope that this book will inspire many more efforts to explore this most important of relationships, especially because the real work has only just begun. In the 21st century, it is particularly appropriate to build such bridges from the past to the future and to rediscover our roots while contemplating our intellectual progress. Originally, the first edition of this book grew out of a doctoral seminar conducted by Thomas D. Lynch at Florida Atlantic University. Concerned by a lack of integrated literature on philosophical and epistemological foundations of modern organization and political theory, Dr. Lynch enlisted one of his Ph.D. students, Todd J. Dicker, to jointly develop a work in which potential authors, who had already made significant contributions to the literature on their topics and had established reputations as thinkers and scholars, could contribute to a project that analyzed public adminis- tration’s intellectual roots. The first edition of the Handbook, published in 1998, proved to be extremely popular, and at the dawn of the 21st century, a revision and expansion was proposed. An important update was the addition of another one of Dr. Lynch’s Ph.D. students from FAU, Dr. Peter L. Cruise, as coeditor of the second edition. It is he who gladly assumed the many tasks required of producing this revised and expanded book. Thomas D. Lynch Peter L. Cruise