Camden House CAMDEN HOUSE History of German Literature HISTORY OF GERMAN LITERATURE Tphheen roemceennta r eavffaelcutiinngg olift ecrualrtyu rtaelx atsn din fsoorcmiasl the Full set ISBN 1-57113-103-5 CHHAISOMTUODSERENY Volume5 Trehaes oEnn, licgohmtemnomne nset nwsea,s abnads e“dn oantu trhael luaswe, ”o fand presentations in the individual chapters and The most detailed history of German literature in English OF GERMAN was paralleled by an emphasis on feelings and allows for the inclusion of hitherto neglected LITERATURE German Literature of the the emotions in religious, especially Pietist but important texts such as essays, travelogues, circles. Progressive thinkers in England, France, philosophical texts, and letters. Vol. 1: Early Germanic Literature and Culture Eighteenth Century and later in Germany began to assail the Edited by Brian Murdoch and Malcolm Read, University of Stirling, UK absolutism of the state and the orthodoxy of Vol. 2: German Literature of the Early Middle Ages Volume 5 The Enlightenment and Sensibility the Church; in Germany the line led from Edited by Brian Murdoch, University of Stirling, UK Leibniz, Thomasius, and Wolff to Lessing and CGoonotdrmibaunto, rHs:e lKgaai BHraanmdmese,r Rmoesismtearr, iKe aZtehlelerirn,e Vol. 3: GEdeirtmeda nb yL iWteirlal tHuraes toyf, tUhnei vHeirgshit yM oifd Fdlloe rAidgaes Ge Kthaen dt,e mtoa tnhde faodrv tohcea ceym oanf criepliagtiioouns otfo ltehreation, KAWneivlnsiaon n RH, iRcilhloiaabrreddrs,t, FHFrraoanlnuczbi s.M L.a mEypbolr, tW, S.a Draahn iCelolvin, VVooll.. 46:: EETadhrietl yeLd Mi tbeoyra dMteurarnex G oRfe ertimhneha naSr tLtu,ir tUmern auivtnuedrr esDityra onfg Georgia rman beddoeuvuecrlagotepeodmi sue inpntpdse ievrn imdcuoidamld,p leaa nscsdlea dtshs t.e h Lreii tseeemr oaerfr ygaennce of Edited by David Hill, University of Birmingham, UK L a national theater, literature, and a common BPUranorifbveeasrrssaoi trBy .ienc kGeerr-Cmaannt aarti nToheis O Rheisoe aSrtcahte VVVVoooollll.... 7891:::0:TETEGEUGIndddhhneegiiirreeiotttvmm eee LLedddRaarii sttnn.bbbee i StyyyrrLLytaa o iiSDCttottuueieelmefharrrr neeaaNryo,n ttt oonuuooiKsff rrrn R ieetMWGl h giKooc eoeaChoffrrih mmteettaeohhl rbarCaneeo,n r eolaU 1T iyClnnR,9wnl edalotUiagehv mEsnene s,Crtriai viiscTenecieiettn strhyDximstc uiaooiCtsrsywfmye ,Pnon 1etfiu nn8Vrgn3ye,s2 rym–l1voa8nn9ti9a The Enlightenment anditerature of the E lberbTfauiresntpeohepoecd osirertash kaogc cu mr ia ulsmaytonelhal tol ialejuyzoaokr ar nflkr aa ata geaimltnotut de d.eno at vwEeh ngavoene gner f.l cm le ibbogTefoaehsoph rjutomioieensrknrn ge bcnlmelpieieotttr ceseeiow anrsrfda matrowu.cor reyycIomk t t mp aif ptoionargernasrdnuoso c ,ravieeu beniadsndsl ndeu,dte d hcws ita n 1ehtaot 7heipro0ekan0sr,,t soVevocelournvmdieeaw r6y ,t hlTiathet erpa Latuvitreeesr. a.t.ht.u eIr nwe haoiyfs tfmhoera gStihtsuete rmmriao ulr enin dstp rDoecdriauancligtzi:eod“n A cHno inliltm rpipbroourvttiiaodnnetss . a aTdndh eietx i2oc0enl- lpteoan gttehe Sensibilityighteenth lfterihrestotleeiam rgibain orlofiyuslcu hscre meaenvspeciiinovec atn o alao fnil fn Fd aa r nG sendeneec crlwumhela aaNGrrnn eep-erosdompc eellataiartnskeys ,ridi nacaritgnasu mmdcr oe at tuh,uonen ttdrhieeers bibliography is a valuable tool for anyone interested in the Sturm und Drang.” CHOICE Ce sTehnet ivmoelnutmalei sitn nclouvdeels o af fsoelcfu-fsa oshni othnein wg.o rks Volume 8, The Literature of German Romanticism:“Among the beautifully written n of women, a chapter on music and literature, essays are studies of terminology, genre, gender, politics, the natural sciences, folklore, tu and chapters on literary developments in music, and art.... An excellent addition to the literature.” CHOICE ry Switzerland and in Austria and on reactions to the Enlightenment from the nineteenth Ed. Barbara century to the present. Camden House ISBN 1-57113-246-5 Becker- Continued on back flap 668 Mt. Hope Avenue Cantarino Rochester NY 14620-2731 USA, and P.O. Box 9, Woodbridge, Photograph of entrance to the library Swuwffwo.lkb oIPyd1e2l l3anDdFb, rUeKwer.com Edited by Barbara Becker-Cantarino a©t Wthee rFnrearn Zcikeegslecrh 2e0 S0t4if.tungen, Halle or: www.camden-house.com Jacket design by Anne Reekie Camden House History of German Literature Volume 5 German Literature of the Eighteenth Century: The Enlightenment and Sensibility The Camden House History of German Literature Volume 5 The Camden House History of German Literature Edited by James Hardin Vol. 1: Early Germanic Literature and Culture Edited by Brian Murdoch and Malcolm Read, University of Stirling, UK Vol. 2: German Literature of the Early Middle Ages Edited by Brian Murdoch, University of Stirling, UK Vol. 3: German Literature of the High Middle Ages Edited by Will Hasty, University of Florida Vol. 4: Early Modern German Literature Edited by Max Reinhart, University of Georgia Vol. 6: Literature of the Sturm und Drang Edited by David Hill, University of Birmingham, UK Vol. 7: The Literature of Weimar Classicism Edited by Simon Richter, University of Pennsylvania Vol. 8: The Literature of German Romanticism Edited by Dennis Mahoney, University of Vermont Vol. 9: German Literature of the Nineteenth Century, 1830–1899 Edited by Clayton Koelb and Eric Downing, University of North Carolina Vol. 10: German Literature of the Twentieth Century: From Aestheticism to Postmodernism Ingo R. Stoehr, Kilgore College, Texas German Literature of the Eighteenth Century The Enlightenment and Sensibility Edited by Barbara Becker-Cantarino Camden House Copyright © 2005 by the Editor and Contributors All Rights Reserved. Except as permitted under current legislation, no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted, recorded, or reproduced in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. First published 2005 by Camden House Camden House is an imprint of Boydell & Brewer Inc. 668 Mt. Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620, USA www.camden-house.com and of Boydell & Brewer Limited PO Box 9, Woodbridge, Suffolk IP12 3DF, UK www.boydellandbrewer.com ISBN: 1–57113–246–5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data German literature of the eighteenth century: the enlightenment and sensi- bility / edited by Barbara Becker-Cantarino p. cm. — (Camden House history of German literature; v. 5) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1–57113–246–5 (hardcover: alk. paper) 1. German literature — 18th century — History and criticism. 2. Enlightenment — Germany. 3. Enlightenment — Influence. I. Becker-Cantarino, Barbara. II. Title. III. Series. PT289.G45 2005 830.9'006—dc22 2004019948 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library. This publication is printed on acid-free paper. Printed in the United States of America. Contents Illustrations vii Preface and Acknowledgments ix Introduction: German Literature in the Era 1 of Enlightenment and Sensibility Barbara Becker-Cantarino Enlightenment Thought and Natural Law from 33 Leibniz to Kant and its Influence on German Literature Kai Hammermeister Gottsched’s Literary Reforms: 55 The Beginning of Modern German Literature Katherine Goodman The Literary Marketplace and the Journal, 79 Medium of the Enlightenment Helga Brandes Religious and Secular Poetry and Epic (1700–1780) 105 Kevin Hilliard Literary Developments in Switzerland from Bodmer, 131 Breitinger, and Haller to Gessner, Rousseau, and Pestalozzi Rosmarie Zeller Lessing, Bourgeois Drama, and the National Theater 155 Francis Lamport Musical Culture and Thought 185 Sarah Colvin vi (cid:117) CONTENTS The Era of Sensibility and the Novel of Self-Fashioning 223 Anna Richards Enlightenment in Austria: 245 Cultural Identity and a National Literature Franz M. Eybl Eighteenth-Century Germany in its Historical Context 265 W. Daniel Wilson The Legacy of the Enlightenment: Critique from 285 Hamann and Herder to the Frankfurt School Robert Holub Bibliography 309 Primary Literature 309 Secondary Literature 317 Contributors 329 Index 331 Illustrations “Family Entertainment.” Painting by Daniel Chodowiecki, xii 1757 Immanuel Kant. Etching by F. W. Bollinger, 1781 32 Johann Christoph Gottsched and Luise Adelgunde Victorie, 54 anonymous painting, ca. 1740 First issue of the moral weekly Die vernünftigen Tadlerinnen 78 Title page spread, Anna Louisa Karsch, Auserlesene Gedichte 104 Alpine landscape, copperplate after painting by Caspar Wolf 130 Illustrations to Lessing’s Minna von Barnhelm, by Daniel 154 Chodowiecki Flute concert at Sanssouci, painting by Adolf Menzel 184 Sophie La Roche, ca. 1772. Drawing by anonymous 222 artist Josef Anton Stranitzky as Hanswurst 246 “Tolerance.” Allegorical engraving by Daniel Chodowiecki 266 Johann Gottfried Herder, painting by Anton Graff 286 Preface and Acknowledgments COMPRISING THE ERA OF ENLIGHTENMENT AND SENSIBILITY, this vol- ume serves as a major new reference work providing a fresh look at ma- jor literary figures, works, and cultural developments from around 1700 up to the literature of the late Enlightenment (Spätaufklärung) in up-to-date scholarly essays. These trace literary developments in eighteenth-century German-speaking countries from occasional and learned literature under the influence of French Neoclassicism to the establishment of a new German drama, religious epic, and secular poetry, and the sentimentalist novel of self- fashioning. The volume gives due attention to the newly recognized, stimu- lating works of women, and contains a chapter on music and literature, chapters on literary developments in Switzerland and in Austria, and con- cludes with a chapter on changing philosophical attitudes toward the Enlightenment up to the present. The recent re-evaluation of cultural and social phenomena affecting literary works informs the presentations in the individual chapters and allows for the inclusion of hitherto neglected but important texts not considered in older literary histories, works such as es- says, travelogues, philosophical texts, and letters. Thanks are due to the distinguished contributors to this volume who brought their expertise in the diverse aspects of eighteenth-century studies to their chapters and situated them within the framework of the overall design of the Camden House History of German Literature. I owe a sincere debt to the editor of the Camden House History of German Literature, James Har- din, for his indispensable advice and assistance in the preparation of this vol- ume and to Camden House editor Jim Walker for his technical advice. For their thoughtful suggestions, I am indebted to the participants of the Roundtable “Writing a Literary History of the Enlightenment in Germany for an English-Speaking Audience” at the XI. Congress on the Enlighten- ment held at the University of California, Los Angeles in August 2003. The essays in this volume benefited from colleagues’ responses to earlier drafts. Ohio State University provided research support over many years, in par- ticular by granting a sabbatical leave for work on this volume. My special thanks go to the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, whose Research Award has made possible numerous research trips to Germany and other lo- cations in Europe during the past decade to conduct my research into early modern and eighteenth-century German literature and culture. This support was instrumental in allowing me to attend specialized workshops and confer-