Friends and Enemies in Organizations This page intentionally left blank Friends and Enemies in Organizations A Work Psychology Perspective Edited by Rachel L. Morrison and Sarah L. Wright Selection and editorial content © Rachel Morrison and Sarah Wright 2009 Individual chapters © contributors 2009 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2009 978-0-230-53876-4 Cover image by Rachel Morrison with thanks to Mark Morrison (editing and design) and Tania Ang (model) All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, HampshireRG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries ISBN 978-1-349-35977-6 ISBN 978-0-230-24835-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230248359 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 To Thomas (Sarah’s son) and Olive (Rachel’s daughter), both of whom were conceived after, but born before, this book. This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Tables and Figures ix List of Contributors x Acknowledgements xiii 1 The Organizational Chart’s ‘White Spaces’ 1 Rachel L. Morrison and Sarah L. Wright 2 In a Lonely Place: The Experience of Loneliness in the 10 Workplace Sarah L. Wright 3 The Role of Newcomer – Insider Relationships During 32 Organizational Socialization Helena Cooper-Thomas 4 Organizational Climate, Organizational Culture and 57 Workplace Relationships Terry Nolan and Wendelin Küpers 5 Developing, Maintaining and Disengaging from 78 Workplace Friendships Patricia M. Sias and Erin Gallagher 6 Cooperative Behaviours in Organizations 101 Karin Sanders 7 The Double Edged Sword: Organizational Outcomes of 122 Workplace Friendships Rachel L. Morrison 8 Gender and Relationships at Work 139 Barbara A. Winstead and Valerie Morganson 9 Rudeness and Incivility in the Workplace 168 Janie Harden Fritz 10 Narcissism at Work: The Narcissistic Personality and 195 Organizational Relationships Adrian Furnham vii viii Contents 11 The Dark Side: Relationships with Psychopaths at Work 224 Giles St. J. Burch and Iain McCormick Index 250 List of Tables and Figures Tables 3.1 The three categories of newcomer adjustment 34 tactics with examples 3.2 Organizational socialization tactics 41 4.1 Cognitive, affective and behavioural outcomes of 68 supportive compared to negative organizational climates 5.1 Workplace friendship development 83 9.1 Differentiation of constructs related to workplace 174 incivility 9.2 Uncivil workplace behaviour factors and items 177 (from Martin & Hine, 2005, p. 411) 11.1 The revised psychopathy checklist (PCL-R; Hare, 1991) 226 11.2 Antisocial behaviours displayed in organizations 233 and effects of psychopaths in management positions 11.3 The impact of the psychopath on business, employees, 234 and customers/suppliers/joint venture partners Figures 3.1 An interactive model of organizational socialization 45 5.1 Relationship maintenance tactic choice 96 11.1 A generic causal model of work-related behaviour 231 and performance ix