For use with: • Glencoe Mathematics Courses 1-3 • Glencoe Pre-Algebra • Glencoe Algebra 1 • Glencoe Algebra 2 Texas Instrument Calculators Labs Eight of the labs in this booklet are written for use with the Texas Instrument calculators and either the CBR2™ (Calculator-Based Ranger) or CBL2™ (Calculator-Based Laboratory). TI-83/84 versions of graphing calculator programs required for some of these labs can be found on pages 207–209 of this book. Centimeter Grid Masters Some of the labs in this booklet require centimeter grid paper. Amas- ter for making this paper is available on page 210 of this book. Copyright ©by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students, teacher, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with Glencoe Mathematics product. Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without prior written permission of the publisher. Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, OH 43240 ISBN 13: 978-0-07-876070-9 ISBN: 0-07-876070-4 Science and Mathematics Lab Manual Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 079 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 Contents Teacher’s Guide to Using the Science and Mathematics Lab Manual.....................................v Guide to Using the Science and Mathematics Labs with Glencoe Textbooks.........................vi Type of Lab Science* Title Page 1 L Digestion of Fats...........................................................................................001 2 L Measuring Heartbeat....................................................................................005 3 L Ponds are Cities of Life................................................................................009 4 L Sea Stars: Size, Shape, and Symmetry.......................................................013 5 E Living Space.................................................................................................017 6 E Density and Buoyancy..................................................................................021 7 P The Period of a Pendulum............................................................................025 8 E Air Particulate Sampling...............................................................................029 9 P Distance, Velocity, and Time.........................................................................033 10 E Using a Clinometer.......................................................................................037 11 P Chemical Solutions.......................................................................................041 12 P The Bicycle: AWell-Engineered Machine.....................................................045 13 E Sun and Temperature...................................................................................049 14 E Getting Gas From Water...............................................................................053 15 P The Force of a Bean.....................................................................................057 16 P The Way the Ball Bounces...........................................................................061 17 P Simulating Radioactive Decay......................................................................065 18 E Smoke Pollution............................................................................................069 19 L Genetic Traits................................................................................................073 20 E It’s Raining, It’s Pouring................................................................................077 21 P Pulleys..........................................................................................................081 22 E Scientific Notation and Astronomical Distances...........................................085 23 L The Gender of Children................................................................................089 24 E Electrical Charges.........................................................................................093 25 L Plant Growth.................................................................................................097 26 L Classification by Traits..................................................................................101 27 E Predicting Earthquakes.................................................................................107 28 L Caloric Content and Box-and-Whisker Plots.................................................111 29 P Speed and Acceleration................................................................................117 30 P Reflection of Light.........................................................................................121 31 L, E Physical Factors of Soil................................................................................125 * E = Earth Science L= Life Science P= Physical Science iii Type of Lab Science* Title Page 32 P Graphing Relationships.................................................................................129 33 P Using Physical Properties.............................................................................135 34 L, E The Law of Probability..................................................................................139 35 P Variation in the Strength of Electromagnets.................................................145 36 P Determining Percent Acetic Acid in Vinegar.................................................149 37 E, P Projectile Motion...........................................................................................153 38 E Tracking Hurricanes......................................................................................159 39 L AMathematical Look at Cell Size.................................................................165 40 P The Effect of a Solute on Freezing Point......................................................171 41 P Rates of Diffusion of Gases..........................................................................177 42 P Determining the Order of a Chemical Reaction............................................183 43 L Symmetry in Parabolas and Animals............................................................187 44 P Measuring the Densities of Pennies.............................................................193 45 L How Does Temperature Affect Mealworm Metamorphosis...........................197 46 E Wind Power and Box-and-Whisker Plots......................................................203 Appendix:TI-83/84 Programs............................................................................................................207 Master: Centimeter Grid Paper...........................................................................................................210 * E = Earth Science L= Life Science P= Physical Science iv Teacher’s Guide to Using the Science and Mathematics Lab Manual Overview This booklet contains 46 Cooperative Learning Most of the labs designed to allow students to explore labs recommend that students work in topics in life science, earth science, groups. The emphasis of teamwork and physical science, biology, and chemistry designation of duties helps students to through a stimulating, yet straightforward work more efficiently in the given time approach. In each lab, students use the frame. tools of mathematics to analyze data they Lab Structure Each lab contains have collected or to explore concepts in Teaching Suggestions and Student science. Worksheet pages. The labs are correlated for use with The Teaching Suggestions pages include an Glencoe Mathematics, Courses 1, 2, and 3, overview or the objectives, time required, Glencoe Pre-Algebra, Glencoe Algebra 1, list of materials needed and preparation and Glencoe Algebra 2. Tables on the next instructions, teaching tips, answers, and four pages summarize which labs are to be suggestions for extending the lab, as used at each level. appropriate. Use of Technology Eight labs in this The Student Worksheets provide all the booklet are written for use with the Texas information needed for students to Instruments Calculator-Based Ranger 2™ complete the lab without additional (CBR2) System or the Texas Instruments research. Calculator-Based Laboratory 2™ (CBL 2) System. These systems allow students to The Student Worksheets have six sections: gather data, retrieve it directly into any • Introduction CBR- or CBL-compatible graphing calculator, and then analyze the data using • Objectives the calculator’s data modeling and • Materials graphing features. • Procedure When to Use the Science and Mathematics Lab Manual These • Data and Observations labs are an enrichment to the classroom • Analysis experience. They act as follow-up activities The Introduction, Objectives, and Materials to lessons rather than introductory list prepares students for intent of the lab activities for mathematical concepts. Some and what they will be using. of the labs might be assigned as outside projects while others require in-class time The Procedure provides step-by-step (mostly because of the materials needed). instructions for the activity. The Data and The labs also provide an opportunity to Observations section includes graphs, team teach with your science colleagues. charts, and tables to facilitate data Collaborative Teaching You may collection and recording. This organizational section helps students in wish to consult with the science teachers assimilating what they are observing as at your school to do these labs they prepare to analyze the data. The cooperatively as students study concepts questions in the Analyze section require used in both their mathematics and students to make conjectures about what science classes. Some of the labs require they have observed. Frequently, they may materials that would be common to most have to use a formula or equation to arrive science classrooms. at the correct conclusions. v Guide to Using the Science and Mathematics Labs with Glencoe Textbooks The following chart shows the Science and Mathematics Labs that can be used with various chapters of Glencoe Mathematics, Courses 1, 2, and 3. Use of Labs Categorized by Textbook Chapter Glencoe Mathematics Chapter Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 Lab 24 (pp. 93–96) Use with Lesson 1-3 Lab 1 (pp. 1–4) Lab 21 (pp. 81–84) 1 Use with Lesson 1-5 Use with Lesson 1-6 Lab 11 (pp. 41–44) Use with Lesson 1-7 Lab 25 (pp. 97–100) Lab 2 (pp. 5–8) Lab 21 (pp. 81–84) Use with Lesson 2-3 2 Use with Lesson 2-7 Use with Lesson 2-7 Lab 22 (pp. 85–88) Use with Lesson 2-10 Lab 6 (pp. 21–24) Use with Lesson 3-6 3 Lab 22 (pp. 85–88) Use with Lesson 3-7 Lab 3 (pp. 9–12) Lab 7 (pp. 25–28) Lab 12 (pp. 45–48) 4 Use with Lesson 4-8 Use with Leson 4-7 Use with Lesson 4-3 Lab 19 (pp. 73–76) Use with Lesson 5-6 5 Lab 13 (pp. 49–52) Use with Lesson 5-7 Lab 26 (pp. 101–106) 6 Use with Lesson 6-3 Lab 17 and 18 (pp. 65–72) Lab 17 and 18 (pp. 65–72) Use with Lesson 7-3 Lab 14 (pp. 53–56) 7 Use with Lesson 7-7 and Lab 19 (pp. 73–76) Use with Lesson 7-5 7-8 Use with Lesson 7-8 Lab 19 (pp. 73–76) Lab 27 (pp. 107–110) Use with Lesson 8-5 Use with Lesson 8-4 8 Lab 8 (pp. 29–32) Lab 23 (pp. 89–92) Use with Lesson 8-6 Use with Lesson 8-5 Lab 20 (pp. 77–80) Lab 20 (pp. 77–80) Lab 4 (pp. 13–16) Use with Lesson 2-7 Use with Lesson 9-4 9 Use with Lesson 9-7 Lab 9 (pp. 33–36) Lab 28 (pp. 111–116) Use with Lesson 8-6 Use with Lesson 9-6 Lab 5 (pp. 17–20) Lab 23 (pp. 89–92) 10 Use with Lesson 9-7 Use with Leson 10-8 Lab 20 (pp. 77–80) Lab 10 (pp. 37–40) Lab 15 (pp. 57–60) 11 Use with Lesson 11-3 Use with Leson 11-1 Use with Leson 11-8 Lab 21 (pp. 81–84) Lab 16 (pp. 61–64) 12 Use with Lesson 12-4 Use with Lesson 12-2 vi The following chart shows the Science and Mathematics Labs that can be used with various chapters of Glencoe Pre-Algebra, Glencoe Algebra 1, and Glencoe Algebra 2. Use of Labs Categorized by Textbook Chapter Chapter Pre-Algebra Algebra 1 Algebra 2 Lab 29 (pp. 117–120) Use with Lesson 1-5 Lab 33 (pp. 135–138) Lab 39 (pp. 167–170) 1 Lab 15 (pp. 57–60) Use with Lesson 1-3 Use with Lesson 1-1 Use with Lesson 1-7 Lab 24 (pp. 93–96) Lab 30 (pp. 121–124) Lab 40 (pp. 171–176) 2 Use with Lesson 2-1 Use with Lesson 2-4 Use with Lesson 2-5 Lab 30 (pp. 121–124) Lab 34 (pp. 139–144) Lab 36 (pp. 149–152) 3 Use with Lesson 3-5 Use with Lesson 3-2 Use with Lesson 3-2 Lab 22 (pp. 85–88) Lab 35 (pp. 145–148) 4 Use with Lesson 4-7 Use with Lesson 4-2 Lab 25 (pp. 97–100) Lab 36 (pp. 149–152) 5 Use with Lesson 5-3 Use with Lesson 5-2 Lab 12 (pp. 45–48) Use with Lesson 6-3 Lab 13 (pp. 49–52) Lab 37 (pp. 153–158) 6 Use with Lesson 6-6 Use with Lesson 6-4 Lab 31 (pp. 125–128) Use with Lesson 6-6 Lab 32 (pp. 129–134) 7 Use with Lesson 7-2 Lab 37 (pp. 153–158) Lab 41 (pp. 177–180) 8 Use with Lesson 8-5 Use with Lesson 8-4 Lab 16 (pp. 61–64) Lab 42 (pp. 181–186) 9 Use with Lesson 9-1 Use with Lesson 9-5 Lab 26 (pp. 101–106) Lab 38 (pp. 159–164) Lab 43 (pp. 187–190) 10 Use with Lesson 10-3 Use with Lesson 10-5 Use with Lesson 10-2 Lab 14 (pp. 53–56) Lab 31 (pp. 125–128) Lab 44 (pp. 191–196) 11 Use with Lesson 11-2 Use with Lesson 11-2 Use with Lesson 11-2 Lab 28 (pp. 111–116) Lab 45 (pp. 197–200) Use with Lesson 12-3 Use with Lesson 12-6 12 Lab 27 (pp. 107–110) Lab 46 (pp. 201–206) Use with Lesson 12-10 use with Lesson 12-9 Lab 16 (pp. 61–64) 13 Use with Lesson 13-6 vii The following chart lists the 46 labs and their correlation to the Glencoe texts. Use of Labs Categorized by Lab Number Glencoe Mathematics Lab Pages Pre-Algebra Algebra 1 Algebra 2 Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 21 21–42 Lesson 1-5 22 25–82 Lesson 2-7 23 29–122 Lesson 4-8 24 13–16 Lesson 9-7 25 17–20 Lesson 10-4 26 21–24 Lesson 3-6 27 25–28 Lesson 4-7 28 29–32 Lesson 8-6 29 33–36 Lesson 9-7 10 37–40 Lesson 11-1 11 41–44 Lesson 1-7 12 45–48 Lesson 4-3 Lesson 6-3 13 49–52 Lesson 5-7 Lesson 6-6 14 53–56 Lesson 7-5 Lesson 11-2 15 57–60 Lesson 11-8 Lesson 1-7 16 61–64 Lesson 12-2 Lesson 13-6 Lesson 9-1 Lesson 5-1 17 65–68 Lesson 7-3 Lessons 7-7 and 7-8 18 69–72 Lesson 7-3 Lessons 7-7 and 7-8 19 73–76 Lesson 7-8 Lesson 8-5 Lesson 5-6 20 77–80 Lesson 11-3 Lesson 9-2 Lesson 9-4 21 81–84 Lesson 12-4 Lesson 2-7 Lesson 1-6 22 85–88 Lesson 3-7 Lesson 2-10 Lesson 4-7 23 89–92 Lesson 10-8 Lesson 8-5 24 93–96 Lesson 1-3 Lesson 2-1 25 97–100 Lesson 2-3 Lesson 5-3 26 101–106 Lesson 6-3 Lesson 10-3 27 107–110 Lesson 8-4 Lesson 12-10 viii Use of Labs Categorized by Lab Number Glencoe Mathematics Lab Pages Pre-Algebra Algebra 1 Algebra 2 Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 28 111–116 Lesson 9-6 Lesson 12-3 29 117–120 Lesson 1-5 30 121–124 Lesson 3-5 Lesson 2-4 31 125–128 Lesson 6-6 Lesson 11-2 32 129–134 Lesson 7-2 33 135–138 Lesson 1-3 34 139–144 Lesson 3-2 35 145–148 Lesson 4-2 36 149–152 Lesson 5-2 Lesson 3-2 37 153–158 Lesson 8-5 Lesson 6-4 38 159–164 Lesson 10-5 39 165–170 Lesson 1-1 40 171–176 Lesson 2-5 41 177–180 Lesson 8-4 42 181–186 Lesson 9-5 43 187–190 Lesson 10-2 44 191–196 Lesson 11-2 45 197–200 Lesson 12-6 46 201–206 Lesson 12-9 ix