Friends Committee on Washington Newsletter JANUARY 2007 NO. 713 National Legislation FCNL's Work on the Big Issues In the noth Congress The FCNL General Committee met two days after ■ provide the legislative intelligence that informed the November elections to approve our legislative the campaign to stop genocide in Darfur. priorities for the 110th Congress. ■ support legislation that would make domestic spying illegal, In determining those priorities, the General Com¬ mittee sought input from more than 1,000 Friends ■ galvanize opposition to U.S.-sponsored torture, meetings, churches, and organizations around the ■ raise fuel economy standards for automobiles, country—^227 groups and individuals responded. and Participation in the process was up 50 percent from two years ago. The results of these consultations, ■ pass new legislation to preserve Native American which happen every two years in advance of the languages'. next Congress, were then refined into the statement of legislative priorities that is printed on page 3 of In the new year, FCNL's network will need to contin¬ this newsletter. ue this work. The November 2006 elections signaled that many people want change. But deep divisions Thousands of people across the country—^both remain both within Congress and in the country at Quakers and non-Quakers—look to FCNL for lead¬ large on a range of policy issues that Congress will ership in setting legislative priorities for work with be addressing in its 110th session. each Congress. Through our weekly electronic action alerts, FCNL helps literally tens of thousands In this climate of division, FCNL's non-partisan edu¬ of people to engage effectively with their elected offi¬ cation and advocacy will be more important than cials on the urgent issues of our times. ever. Advancing legislation on almost any issue will require building support among both Democrats Taking our committee's priority choices, FCNL staff and Republicans. in Washington make strategic and focused choices on how to work on these issues. FCNL staff iden¬ This newsletter includes articles detailing how staff tify practical steps that individuals and organiza¬ plan to address some of these priorities in the next tions can take to persuade our federal government year. Future issues of FCNL's Washington Neioslet- to advance social and economic justice, peace, and ter will look at how FCNL's priorities statement is good government applied in other areas of FCNL's program work. For a more detailed explanation of FCNL's priority set¬ In the last session of Congress, FCNL's nationwide ting process and the legislatve program we work on, netw ork worked to: please consult our website at www.fcnl.org. ■ ■ eliminate funding for new nuclear weapons, ■ define and lead lobbying for legislation to bar the Inside: U.S. from building permanent military bases in FCNL Priorities Document Iraq or controlling Iraqi oil. For the 110th Congress J Page 2 FCNL Washington Newsletter, January 2007 FCNL 2006 Annual Meeting The FRIENDS COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL LEGISLATION (FCNL), a nonpartisan Quaker lobby in the public interest, seeks to follow the leadings of the Spirit as it speaks for Speaker Michael Birkel, Professor of Religion at itself and for like-minded Friends. Earllmm College, draws on his study of John Wool Views expressed in FCNL's Washington Neu'sletter are guided by the Statement man's writings to explain how Friends can inte¬ of Legislative R)licy which is prepared grate the inner life of devotion with the outward and approved by FCNL's General life of activism. Committee. FCNL includes Friends appointed by 26 Friends' yearly meetings and by nine other Friends' organizations in the United States. Clerk: Marge Abbott Assistant Clerk: Stephen McNeil Executive Secretary: Joe Volk The FCNL Washington Newsletter is published ten times a year (monthly, with July-August and November- December combined issues). In addition, a voting record is published annually. The Washington Newsletter is sent free upon request and automatically to cur¬ rent donors. Your contributions are needed to support FCNL's lobbying and education work. Editor: Liz Hofmeister FCNL lobbyist David Culp fields a question Authors: Jim Cason, Jeanne Herrick- Stare, Devin Helfrich, Scott Stedjan, during the pre-annual meeting lobby train¬ Laura Weis ing. Some three dozen General Committee Large print and audiotape versions of members participated in the training before the Washington Newsletter are available upon request. The Washington News¬ heading off to visit their legislators. letter is available in microform from University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Dept. P.R., Ann Jill Terrell, an interyi with the Quaker United Arbor, MI 48106. Nations Office in Nezv York, looks over annual Reprinting Washington Newsletter meeting materials during the business session. items: We encourage our readers to copy and distribute items from FCNL's Washington Newsletter. When doing so, please include the following credit: Thank You "Reprinted from the Washington Newsletter, (issue it, month Thank you for making the work of FCNL possible, through your and year] published by the Friends Committee on National financial contributions. Legislation." We would appreciate receiving a copy Thank you for making the work of FCNL effective, through your with a brief note indicating how/where grassroots action. the item was used and the approximate numbers of copies distributed. Your support and engagement literally opens doors on Capitol Hill Friends Committee on for FCNL's legislative policy program. National Legislation To contribute. 245 Second Street NE Mail your check to FCNL, 245 Second Street, NE, Washington, DC, Washington, DC 20002-5795 Phone: 202-547-6000 20002. 800-630-1330 Charge your donation to your credit card by calling 800-630-1330, Fax: 202-547-6019 ext. 2538. Legislative Action Message: 202-547-4343 Donate online securely by going to FCNL's website, www.fcnl.org, e-mail: [email protected] and click on "How to Give." Web site: http://www.fcnl.org Printed on recycled paper All contributors regularly receive the monthly FCNL Washington with soy-based ink. Nezvsletter and quarterly Indian Report. Friends Committee on FCNL Legislative Priorities For the 110th Congress National Legislation For more than six decades, the Friends Committee on promote human rights around the world through National Legislation has brought the spiritual experi¬ international institutions and law. Demilitarize our ence of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) to national borders, and respect the human rights and bear on federal legislative processes and public policy dignity of all immigrants. decisions. We understand the Spirit of God to be Support the cultural integrity and tribal sovereignty of active in all of life. We prize the integrity of individual indigenous peoples within the United States, respect conscience, meaningful participation in gathered com¬ their rights and promote their well-being, and honor munities with many voices, and responsible engage¬ treaty commitments. ment in building a just and peaceful society where children are cherished and violence is unacceptable. VW seek a community where every person's We are called to live in right relationship with all potential may be fulfilled: Reduce structural vio¬ creation, recognizing that the entire world is intercon¬ lence—both social and economic—by changing fed¬ nected. eral budget, tax, and fiscal policies. Reduce military spending and provide adequate resources to alleviate Friends call for a government that is accountable to its poverty and address pressing human and community citizens—a government that acts with transparency needs, such as healthcare, education, employment, and integrity, seeks the common good, and protects housing, nutrition, and public transportation. the vulnerable. We call on our government to restore and preserve the rule of law and the balance of pow¬ We seek an earth restored: Address global climate ers among the branches of federal government; to shift change and protect the environment by reducing U.S. federal priorities to reduce the disparities between fossil fuel consumption through energy conservation, rich and poor; to address environmental crises; and to improved efficiency, and accelerated development and respect the methods and findings of scientific inquiry use of renewable energy sources. Establish equitable in developing and assessing policy. and sustainable use of the world's natural resources by participating in and complying with multilateral For its work with the 110th Congress, FCNL sets the environmental agreements. following priorities; As way opens, FCNL will continue Friends' long¬ We seek a world free of war and the threat of standing witness for just and fair elections, rights of war: Promote global security through peace-build¬ conscience, criminal justice reform, abolition of the ing, active diplomacy, nuclear non-proliferation, arms death penalty, an end to institutional racism, and a control and disarmament, and the peaceful prevention just and lasting peace in the Middle East through and resolution of deadly conflict. Actively support the equitable treatment of Israelis, Palestinians, and their United Nations and international law. Address the neighbors. root causes of war, genocide, acts of terror, and other forms of collective violence. FCNL's work will be based on legislative opportunity, specific expertise and leadings, and available resources. Oppose U.S. military intervention. Remove all U.S. FCNL has the flexibility, within its Policy Statement, to military and paramilitary forces and bases from Iraq. respond to crises and important legislative opportunities. Assure Iraq's sovereign control over its assets and nat¬ ural resources, and fulfill moral and legal obligations In establishing these priorities for the 110th Congress, to reconstruct Iraq through accountable intergovern¬ we are encouraged by the past successes of FCNL's mental, non-govemmental and Iraqi agencies. Move efforts to influence federal policy and by the strong from military operations to civilian peace-building in community of Friends and other like-minded people Afghanistan. engaged in this work. We seek a societif with equity and justice for As we work to find solutions to these complex prob¬ all: Restore and assure full civil liberties, access to lems, Friends continue to seek Divine guidance, the justice system, and habeas corpus protections for renewed strength and hope. all persons in the United States or under its control. Eliminate secret prisons and the use of torture, and Approved by the FCNL General Committee, llllljOS - Friends Committee on National Legislation * 245 2nd St. NE * Washington, DC 20002 * (202) 547-6000 * www.fcnl.org Page 4 FCNL Washington Newsletter, January 2007 Defending Civil Liberties in the New Congress The leaders of the new Congress that takes office in TAKE ACTION: Urge your senators to restore full January 2007 have pledged to act quickly to repair habeas corpus protections for all prisoners of the the damage done to constitutional protections and to U.S. government, without exception. Write or email the U.S. legal system by the erosion of civil liberties your senators to urge tliem to support legislation since Sept. 11, 2001. sponsored by Sens. Leahy and Specter that would restore habeas corpus protections for all people We at FCNL draw hope from statements by mem¬ detained by the U.S. government. Check the civil lib¬ bers of the new Congress from both parties that erties section of the FCNL website (www.fcnl.org) for they will work together to repeal all or part of the updates and more information. dangerous Military Commissions Act (MCA) passed duced as "hear-say" testimony by some third party, in September 2006. We will also work to ensure that and where U.S. officials are not held accountable Congress acts to restore other civil liberties that were for violations of the Geneva Conventions' prohibi¬ stripped away in the climate of fear that has been tions against torture. These provisions are immoral, generated by some political leaders in the last five because torture is a moral issue. years. Provisions of the MCA are almost certainly uncon¬ Restoring Habeas Corpus stitutional. The framers of the U.S. Constitution believed habeas corpus protections were so funda¬ Senators Patrick Leahy (VT) and Aden Specter (PA), mental that they wrote: "The privilege of the writ of the expected chair and ranking member of the Sen¬ habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless when ate Judiciary Committee, have already drafted leg¬ in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety islation to restore habeas corpus protections for U.S. may require it." detainees at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and elsewhere around the world. This fundamental protection, The MCA is also unnecessary. Some of the top law¬ which has been a part of Anglo-Saxon legal tradi¬ yers in the military, have taken great risk by contra¬ tions for nearly 800 years, guarantees prisoners the dicting the president. They testified before Congress right to appear in court to ask the question "why that they had sufficient authority before the passage have I been put in jail? Is my imprisonment legal?" of the MCA to bring to trial the most dangerous detainees captured during the so-called "war on Restoring the right to habeas corpus will not be easy. terror." Existing military legal procedures were suf¬ Responding to an appeal from President Bush, Con¬ ficient to the task. gress, in September 2006, passed the MCA, which denies habeas corpus protections for any non-citizen Congress will need to act quickly. The Pentagon has designated by the president as an "unlawful enemy already announced plans to build a court building combatant." This provision is part of a broader bill at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, to hold trials in 2007 for that also allows exceptions to the absolute ban on detainees captured around the world after Septem¬ torture and narrows the criminal penalties for U.S. ber 11, 2001. Although some senators have already officials who violate the Geneva Conventions' prohi¬ forced the Pentagon to delay construction of these bitions against torture. new court rooms, the president is pressing for trials to begin. Congressional staff tell FCNL lobbyists that many elected officials remain concerned by opinion polls As we examine the prospects for legislation in the suggesting that the public condones some reductions noth Congress, FCNL lobbyists will also work to in protections for civil liberties as part of the "war persuade Congress to enact an absolute ban on on terror." Members of Congress need to hear from torture, with no exceptions; to prohibit the use of their constituents that no amount of fear can jus¬ secret prisons; and repeal provisions granting the tify the creation of facilities that amount to law-free president sweeping powers to declare any individ¬ zones where prisoners do not have access to basic ual—including U.S. citizens—an "unlawful enemy legal safeguards, where evidence obtained under combatant" who can be held indefinitely without torhire could be admissible in court when intro- charge or trial. ■ FCNL Washington Newsletter, January 2007 Page 5 Cluster Bombs' Deadly Impact Gains Notice The conflict in Lebanon last summer brought new The U.S. has used cluster munitions in places such attention to the deadly consequences of certain as Afghanistan, Cambodia, Iraq, and the former types of conventional weapons. Today the Leba¬ Yugoslavia. It also has transferred cluster muni¬ nese countryside remains littered with both land¬ tions to 25 countries, including some with poor mines and unexploded cluster munitions many human rights records such as Indonesia, Israel, of which were made in the U.S. and provided to Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia. Israel. A New International Campaign The international outrage following the 2006 con¬ flict between Lebanon and Israel has led to grow¬ The International Committee of the Red Cross has ing awareness of the effects of indiscriminate called on countries to stop using cluster munitions, antipersonnel weapons and has given new life to and Norway has taken the lead to begin a pro¬ efforts to halt the use of such weapons. cess to develop a treaty to ban cluster munitions, because they cause unacceptable harm to civilians. Mine Ban Treaty 10th Anniversary Humanitarian and human rights organizations hope they can follow the example of the mine ban In 2007, FCNL will celebrate with others around movement and build a global movement to ban the world the tenth anniversary of the signing of cluster munitions. the Mine Ban Treaty by 122 nations in Ottawa, Canada. This year also marks 10 years since the The 2006 war in Lebanon focused new attention United States stood aside and chose not to sign that within the U.S. on these deadly weapons. The Pen¬ 1997 life-saving treaty. The U.S. remains one of 40 tagon still holds a stockpile of over 10 million anti¬ countries that has not joined the Mine Ban Treaty personnel mines and upwards of 1 billion cluster and is one of just 13 countries that produce or sub-munitions. reserve the right to produce antipersonnel mines. FCNL will be working with the new Congress to While the United States has not used antipersonnel support legislation to end the production, transfer, landmines for over 15 years and has not produced and use of deadly antipersonnel weapons. ■ them in almost 10, it currently does produce, trade, and use another type of indiscriminate antiperson¬ nel weapon: cluster munitions. A cluster munition consists of a canister designed to open in mid-air and disperse smaller bomblets over a wide area. I Legislation Banning Cluster Bombs, I The wide dispersal pattern of bomblets—a single 1 Landmines Expected in 2007 cluster bomb can rain death on an area as wide as i * 250 acres—makes it very difficult to avoid civil¬ In the first few weeks of the new Congress, | ian casualties. Moreover, while they are designed look for separate pieces of legislation to be to explode on impact, many of the sub-munitions introduced banning the U.S. government pro¬ initially fail to detonate, leaving behind large num¬ curement of landmines and the use of cluster j bers of hazardous explosive "duds" that are akin to munitions by U.S. forces. Constituent action j landmines, injuring and killing civilians long after will make a difference as these bills move j conflicts end. through the legislative process. i Check the FCNL website at www.fcnl.org for more information on conventional weapons. Page 6 FCNL Washington Newsletter, January 2007 Building Structures for Peace “The United States and our international partners share a This under-investment is an open secret on Capitol commitment to preventing state failure and resolving vio¬ Hill. Senator Richard Lugar (IN), the outgoing chair lent conflict." of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, pointed U.S. State Department out last year that "effective diplomacy requires - that our policymakers and diplomats have at their Recent statements by the Bush administration illus¬ disposal an array of smoothly functioning foreign trate that U.S. officials are beginning to acknowledge policy tools, including foreign assistance, public the importance of preventing violent conflict. The diplomacy, secure embassies, and post-conflict rhetoric recognizes that stopping violent conflicts reconstruction capabilities." before they start is less expensive, more effective, and ultimately more enduring than military inter¬ Despite efforts by Senator Lugar and many others, ventions. the U.S., for decades, has under-invested in capacities to conduct the type of diplomacy that Senator Lugar Unfortunately, moving beyond rhetoric to embrace describes. To move U.S. policy beyond rhetorical diplomacy requires fundamental changes in the way statements for preventing violent conflict, the U.S. the U.S. conducts its statecraft today. Internally, the must both invest in building a responsive diplomatic U.S. government would have to reorganize signifi¬ and development infrastructure and shift its priori¬ cantly its foreign policy apparatus. It would need ties away from building short-term strategic alliances to increase investment in and use of non-military toward efforts that focus on building a secure and tools of foreign policy. It would have to change the just world, one rooted in the peaceful prevention of way diplomats and others involved in foreign policy deadly conflict. are trained and supported. Internationally, the U.S. would need to abandon the strategy of "preemptive" Working Well with Others war and refocus on working with others in the inter¬ national community and on building structures of The Bush administration has in recent months international cooperation. offered more rhetorical support for international cooperation, but the statements have not been The U.S. is a long way from embracing this broad matched by a similar shift in policies and practice. vision. But we at FCNL see hope in the new expres¬ The U.S. has opposed international conflict preven¬ sions of interest within Congress in increasing tion measures such as the International Criminal funding for diplomacy, development, and new more Court, the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, and inter¬ effective tools for preventing deadly conflicts. national efforts to control the unrestrained weapons trade. Investment in the Tools of Statecraft The administration and Congress have also contin¬ Between 1985 and 2001, the U.S. international affairs ued to refuse to pay U.S. bills to the United Nations. budget decreased by 41% in constant dollars, crip¬ Refugees International projects that by the end of pling the ability of the United States to prevent state fiscal year 2007 (FY07), the U.S. will have accrued failure and resolve violent conflict. After the attacks over $1 billion in arrears for UN peacekeeping. The of September 11, 2001, the Bush administration Bush administration has used its vote within the UN began requesting additional funds for international Security Council to support dramatic increases in affairs. But most of the new money was focused UN peacekeeping efforts but has failed to pay for the on reconstruction programs in Iraq and Afghani¬ increases. If Congress does not respond adequately stan and on economic assistance to either strategic to the UN peacekeeping funding crisis during FY07, allies or to countries that meet criteria related to the UN will almost certainly have to curtail opera¬ tranparency in governance. This has ruled out assis¬ tions. One of FCNL's priorities in the new Congress tance to most conflict-prone areas, and investment is the full U.S. funding of the UN. in programs that could prevent and resolve conflict remains dismally low. (Continued on page 7) ± FCNL Washington Newsletter, January 2007 Page 7 New Bomb Plant (continued from page 8) NNSA requested funding for RRW in fiscal year not unreliable as implied. The proposed bomb plant 2007 (FY07) and will again in the FY08 energy and I would be a major step away from disarmament. water appropriations and defense authorization bills. As part of its annual budget submitted to Congress The proposed plant undermines the nuclear non¬ in February, the agency is expected to request initial proliferation regime and U.S. ability to urge nuclear funding for Complex 2030 and the new bomb plant restraint by North Korea and Iran. This country in the FY08 energy and water appropriations and cannot simultaneously preach nonproliferation while military authorization bills. arming itself; that is the equivalent of preaching tem¬ perance from a barstool. In the coming year, FCNL will focus on reducing I funding for RRW and Complex 2030. We will work Stopping the New Bomb Plant in coalition with national religious and arms control and disarmament groups. We will continue to seek a In October 2006, NNSA released its plans to build world free from war and the threat of nuclear weap¬ Complex 2030 and the new bomb plant. Five states ons. Check the nuclear weapons section of the FCNL are being considered as a possible site for the plant's website at www.fcnl.org for more information. ■ construction; Nevada, New Mexico, South Carolina, Tennessee, or Texas. Before construction can begin, the proposal must go through an environmental evaluation process which Legislation in 2007 is open to public comment. This is an opportunity for nuclear disarmament advocates to voice their Congress will have several opportunities to opposition to the project. block funding for the next generation of U.S. nuclear weapons this year. Here are some sug¬ This past fall, FCNL constituents sent more than 800 gestions: emails expressing concern about Complex 2030 and attended local public meetings across the country. ■ Energy and Water Appropriations for 2008: At the December Washington, DC, public meeting, Urge Congress to eliminate all funding for FCNL staff David Culp and Devin Helfrich submit¬ Complex 2030 and for the Reliable Replace¬ ted joint comments and testified with over a dozen ment Warhead program other representatives of national religious organiza¬ tions. ■ Military Authorization Bill for 2008: Urge Congress to eliminate all proposals for the This coming summer, NNSA will publish a draft Complex 2030 nuclear weapons facility and Environmental Impact Statement, followed by a sec¬ for the Reliable Replacement Warhead. ond round of public comment and additional oppor¬ tunities for action. Structures for Peace (continued from page 6) Even the most generous foreign assistance pack¬ While acquiring non-military foreign policy tools ages or skillful diplomacy will fail to convince other and a renewed commitment to multilateralism are nations to work with the U.S. to prevent and resolve essential, none of the programs mentioned will do deadly conflicts if it continues to act as a country much to prevent deadly conflict if the U.S. continues which prefers military domination over being a to choose coercion over cooperation, counter-terror-. good neighbor. The State Department is saying the ism collaboration over democracy, and national secu¬ right things. It is time for the U.S. to turn its rhetoric rity considerations over respect for human rights. into substantive action. ■ i RFC Friends Committee on National Legislation Non-Profit Org. NL 245 Second Street, NE U.S. Postage Washington, DC 20002-5795 PAID Permit No. 870 Address Service Requested Lynchburg, VA LARGE PRINT, AUDIO VERSIONS AVAILABLE INSIDE FCNL PRIORITIES, DIPLOMACY, CLUSTER BOMBS, NUCLEAR WEAPONS, CIVIL LIBERTIES No. 713, January 2007 New Nuclear Bomb Plant Proposed While urging other nations not to produce nuclear The cornerstone of this effort is the proposed bomb weapons, the Bush administration is planning to plant, called the "Consolidated Plutonium Center" or increase dramatically the U.S. capacity to build new CPC. This sophisticated factory will produce pluto¬ nuclear weapons by spending tens of billions of dol¬ nium pits or triggers for nuclear weapons. All nucle¬ lars on new nuclear weapons facilities. FCNL has ar weapons in the U.S. nuclear arsenal contain pits, made stopping these new nuclear weapons facilities which are the current limiting factor in warhead a top priority of its Quaker Nuclear Disarmament production. The proposed facility would produce Program. 125 to 200 plutonium pits annually and cost billions of dollars to build. The administration has briefed Congress on a sweeping new proposal that would consolidate CPC is a revival on a larger scale of the "Modern Pit many existing U.S. nuclear weapons programs and Facility," which Congress rejected in 2005 after thou¬ enable the U.S. to restore production capacity of sands of FCNL constituents joined others in saying nuclear weapons to levels not seen since the height the U.S. needs to be destroying nuclear bombs, not of the Cold War. building new ones. Officials of the National Nuclear Security Admin¬ This new nuclear weapons plant proposal is unnec¬ istration (NNSA), the agency responsible for U.S. essary, unjustified, and dangerous. The U.S. current¬ nuclear weapons, argue that this enhanced capacity ly has over 10,000 nuclear warheads. The destructive is needed for deterrence and to address "emerging power of the deployed arsenal is some 50,000 times threats." The new program would be integrated the devastation of the U.S. bombs used on Hiroshi¬ with plans to create a "Reliable Replacement War¬ ma and Nagasaki combined. head" (RRW) that would replace existing nuclear warheads with new ones. Current treaty obligations with Russia require the U.S. to reduce its deployed strategic arsenal to Complex 2030 below 2,200 by the year 2012. NNSA argues that, by increasing the capacity to build new nuclear weap¬ The entire program has been described as Complex ons and the reliability of current U.S. nuclear weap¬ 2030, a name taken from the deadline by which the ons, policymakers will be more confident they can transformation of the current U.S. nuclear complex reduce the overall number of weapons in the stock¬ would have occured. NNSA has estimated the cost pile. But building new bombs in order to disarm of this entire effort could exceed $150 billion. still does not make sense, and the current arsenal is (Continued on page 7) - • ■ ■ _* '' ' / A I / «' ^. 7