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N i N t h E D i t i O N Family Therapy A N OV E RV I E W irene Goldenberg Mark Stanton herbert Goldenberg Professor Emerita, University of Azusa Pacific University California, Los Angeles Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. 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Family Therapy: An Overview, Ninth © 2017, 2013 Cengage Learning Edition WCN: 02-200-203 Irene Goldenberg, Mark Stanton and ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright Herbert Goldenberg herein may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, Product Director: Jon Goodspeed except as permitted by U.S. copyright law, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Product Manager: Julie Martinez Content Developer: Amelia Blevins For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Product Assistant: Stephen Lagos Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 Marketing Manager: Jennifer Levanduski For permission to use material from this text or product, Art and Cover Direction, Production submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions Management, and Composition: Further permissions questions can be emailed to [email protected] Lumina Datamatics, Inc. Manufacturing Planner: Judy Inouye Library of Congress Control Number: 2016930346 Cover Image: ©kasyanovart/Shutterstock Student Edition: ISBN: 978-1-305-09296-9 Unless otherwise noted, all items © Cengage Learning Loose-leaf Edition: ISBN: 978-1-305-86639-3 Cengage Learning 20 Channel Center Street Boston, MA 02210 USA Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with employees residing in nearly 40 different countries and sales in more than 125 countries around the world. Find your local representa- tive at www.cengage.com. Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. To learn more about Cengage Learning Solutions, visit www.cengage. com. Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.cengagebrain.com. Printed in the Canada Print Number: 01 Print Year: 2016 Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Dedication to Herb Goldenberg, 1926–2008 To Herb, whose compassion, integrity, intelligence, and unwavering support nourished our relationship and made this book possible. Thank you for the life, the love, and the family. Irene Goldenberg Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. contents PART I Fundamentals oF Family Psychology 1 1 Adopting a Family Relationship Framework 1 Family Systems: Fundamental Concepts 2 Today’s Families: A Pluralistic View 3 Family Structure 4 Basic Structural Characteristics 4 Family Interactive Patterns 5 Family Narratives and Assumptions 5 Family Resiliency 7 Gender, Race, and Ethnicity and Family Therapy 10 Gender Roles and Gender Ideology 10 Cultural Diversity and the Family 12 Impact of Gender and Cultural Influences on the Therapist and Therapy 14 Shifting Perspectives of Family Therapy 15 Shifting Paradigm: From Individual Psyche to Family System 15 The Origins of Family Therapy: A New Paradigm Begins to Take Shape 16 Cybernetics: The Paradigm Shift Continues 19 Reciprocal Determinism 20 Second-Order Cybernetics and Postmodernism 22 The Identified Patient as Seen from the Different Family Therapy Perspectives 25 Summary 27 Recommended Readings 28 2 Family Development: Continuity and Change 29 Developing a Life Cycle Perspective 30 Identifying Developmental Tasks 30 Conceptualizing the Life Cycle: Some Preliminary Cautions 30 Family Diversity May Modify Life Cycle Stages 31 The Family Life Cycle Framework 32 Family Life Cycle Stages 32 Continuity and Change Throughout the Family Life Cycle 32 v Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. vi contents A Family Life Cycle Stage Model 35 The Developmental Stages 35 Family Transitions and Symptomatic Behavior 35 Family Life Cycles: A Multidimensional, Multicultural, and Multigenerational Perspective 36 Critiques of the Stage Model 37 The Stages of Family Development 39 “Coupling” and Preparing for Parenthood 40 The Arrival of Children 41 Coping with Adolescence 43 Leaving Home 44 Reorganizing Generational Boundaries 44 Retirement, Illness, Widowhood 44 Other Developmental Sequences in Families 45 Single-Parent–Led Families 47 Remarried Families 49 Families with Gay or Lesbian Members 53 Summary 58 Recommended Readings 59 3 Diversity in Family Functioning 60 Multicultural and Culture-Specific Considerations 62 Culture-Sensitive Therapy 63 Developing a Multicultural Framework 64 Cultural Specificity and Family Systems 65 Gender Issues in Families and Family Therapy 69 Feminism and Family Therapy 71 Feminist Reexamination of Family Therapy Theory and Practice 72 Gender, Work, and Family Life 73 Men’s Studies and Gender-Role Awareness 74 Therapy from a Gender-Sensitive Perspective 79 Socioeconomic Status and Family Functioning 79 Therapy and Social Justice 81 Summary 82 Recommended Readings 83 4 Systems Theory and Systemic Thinking 84 Extending Beyond the Scientific Method 84 Seeing the System 85 Some Characteristics of a Family System 87 Organization and Wholeness 87 Family Rules and Patterns 89 Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. contents vii Family Homeostasis or Adaptation? 92 Feedback, Information, and Control 92 Subsystems and Suprasystems 95 Boundaries 96 Open and Closed Systems 97 Families and Larger Systems 99 Family–School Interventions 99 Family–Healthcare Interventions 101 Family Interventions with Other Populations 101 Systemic Thinking in Family Therapy Practice 103 Critiques of Systems Theory 105 Summary 107 Recommended Readings 107 PART II the develoPment and Practice oF Family theraPy 108 5 Origins and Growth of Family Therapy 108 Historical Roots of Family Therapy 109 Studies of Schizophrenia and the Family 109 Fromm-Reichmann and the Schizophrenogenic Mother 109 Bateson and the Double Bind 110 Lidz: Marital Schism and Marital Skew 112 Bowen, Wynne, and NIMH Studies 113 Marriage and Premarriage Counseling 116 The Child Guidance Movement 118 Group Dynamics and Group Therapy 119 The Evolution of Family Therapy 121 From Family Research to Family Treatment (1950s) 121 The Rush to Practice (1960s) 123 Innovative Techniques and Self-Examination (1970s) 124 Professionalization, Multiculturalism, and a New Epistemology (1980s) 126 Integration, Eclecticism, and the Impact of Constructionism (1990s) 128 Ecological Context, Multisystemic Intervention, and Evidence-Based Practice (2000s) 131 The Core Competency Movement (2000–present) 132 Summary 134 Recommended Readings 135 Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.