Ecotourism and Sustainable Development Second Edition Ecotourism and Sustainable Development b Second Edition Who Owns Paradise? Martha Honey Island Press Washington•Covelo•London Copyright©2008IslandPress AllrightsreservedunderInternationaland Pan-AmericanCopyrightConventions.Nopartof thisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorbyany meanswithoutpermissioninwritingfromthe publisher:IslandPress,1718ConnecticutAve.,NW, Suite300,Washington,DC20009. ISLANDPRESSisatrademarkoftheCenterfor ResourceEconomics. Honey,Martha. Ecotourismandsustainabledevelopment:who ownsparadise?/MarthaHoney.—2nded. p. cm. Includesindex. ISBN-13:978-1-59726-125-8(cloth:alk.paper) ISBN-10:1-59726-125-4(cloth:alk.paper) ISBN-13:978-1-59726-126-5(pbk.:alk.paper) ISBN-10:1-59726-126-2(pbk.:alk.paper) 1.Ecotourism.2.Ecotourism—LatinAmerica. 3.Ecotourism—Africa.4.Sustainabledevelopment— LatinAmerica.5.Sustainabledevelopment—Africa. I.Title. G156.5.E26H662008 338.4’791—dc22q 2007045269 Printedonrecycled,acid-freepaper ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10987654321 Keywords:travel,tourism,touroperators,economic development,parksandprotectedareas,conservation, environment,nature,indigenouspeoples,Galapagos Islands,CostaRica,Tanzania,Zanzibar,Kenya, SouthAfrica,sustainabletourism,ecotourism, sustainabledevelopment Tomyparents,JohnandMaryHoney, whohaveencouragedexplorationoflesstraveledroads. Contents Acknowledgments xi Part 1: What Is Ecotourism? 1 InSearchoftheGoldenToad 3 2 TheWorldTravelIndustry:Going“Green”? 34 3 EcotourismToday 71 Part 2: Nation Studies 4 TheGalapagosIslands:TestSiteforTheoriesof EvolutionandEcotourism 121 5 CostaRica:OntheBeatenPath 160 6 Tanzania:WhoseEdenIsIt? 215 7 Zanzibar:EcotourismonaMuslimIsland 256 8 Kenya:TheUpsandDownsofAfrica’s Ecotourism“Mzee” 295 9 SouthAfrica:PeopleandParksunder MajorityRule 345 10 EcotourismintheUnitedStates 395 Conclusion:TheRoadLessTraveled 443 Notes 449 Index 531