issue 71, 4th Quarter 2013 J F Q J O I N T F O R C E Q U A R T E R L Y Assured Access IS S U E S E v E N T Inverting Clausewitz Y -O N E , 4 QTh 2013 Essay Competition Winners U A R T E R 2 0 1 3 J o i n t F o r c e Q u a r t e r l y Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. 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SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE Same as 112 unclassified unclassified unclassified Report (SAR) Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 Inside Issue 71, 4th Quarter 2013 Editor Col William T. Eliason, USAF (Ret.), Ph.D. JFQ Dialogue Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, Ph.D. 2 From the Chairman Production Supervisor Martin J. Peters, Jr. 4 Senior Copy Editor Calvin B. Kelley Widening the Aperture in Education By Bryan B. Battaglia Copy Editor/Office Manager John J. Church, D.M.A. Forum Internet Publications Editor Joanna E. Seich Executive Assistant Ryan Heggs, J.D. 6 Executive Summary Intern James Aylward 8 Assured Access: Building a Joint and Multinational Airborne Forcible Entry Design Marco Marchegiani U.S. Government Printing Office Capability By John W. Nicholson, Jr., Jason W. Condrey, and Claude A. Lambert Printed in St. Louis, Missouri 14 Revisiting NATO’s Kosovo Air War: Strategic Lessons for an Era of Austerity by By Gregory L. Schulte 20 The Responsibility to Protect: The Libya Test Case By Margaret H. Woodward and Philip G. Morrison NDU Press is the National Defense University’s cross-component, professional military and 25 The 2011 Libya Operation: War Powers Redefined? By James P. Terry academic publishing house. It publishes books, journals, policy briefs, occasional papers, Essay Competitions monographs, and special reports on national security strategy, defense policy, interagency 30 cooperation, national military strategy, regional Winners of the 2013 Writing Competitions security affairs, and global strategic problems. 32 Core Questions for Cyber Attack Guidance By Jonathan C. Rice This is the official U.S. Department of Defense 40 The Cost of Culture: Controlling DOD’s Runaway O&M Spending By Joel J. Luker edition of JFQ. Any copyrighted portions of this journal may not be reproduced or extracted without 48 The Elusive Defeat of al Qaeda By Gina M. Bennett permission of the copyright proprietors. Joint Force Quarterly should be acknowledged whenever Commentary material is quoted from or based on its content. 50 Reconnaissance and Surveillance: Looking Deep By Robert W. Cone 53 COMMUNICATIONS ISR Support to Operational Access: Winning Initiative in Antiaccess and Please visit NDU Press and Joint Force Area-denial Environments By Andrew Robert Marvin Quarterly online at ndupress.ndu.edu for more on upcoming issues, an electronic archive of JFQ 58 The Whole House of Strategy By Colin S. Gray articles, and access to many other useful NDU Press publications. Constructive comments and 63 Globally Integrated Operations: A Reflection of Environmental Complexity contributions are important to us. Please direct editorial communications to the link on the NDU By Daniel H. McCauley Press Web site or write to: Editor, Joint Force Quarterly National Defense University Press 260 Fifth Avenue, SW (Building 64, Room 2504) Fort Lesley J. McNair Washington, DC 20319 Telephone: (202) 685-4220/DSN 325 FAX: (202) 685-4219/DSN 325 Email: [email protected] JFQ online: ndupress.ndu.edu 4th Quarter, October 2013 ISSN 1070-0692 Features PUBLISHER GEN Martin E. Dempsey, USA 69 Building Ministerial Capacity in Host Nations By Keith M. Boyer PRESIdEnt, ndU MG Gregg F. Martin, USA and Robert R. Allardice AdvISoRy CommIttEE 74 Security Cooperation Doctrine and Authorities: Closing the Gaps BG Guy T. Cosentino, USA National War College MG Anthony A. Cucolo, III, USA U.S. Army War College By Robert L. Caslen, Jr., F. Dean Raab, and Geoffrey Adams Brig Gen Thomas H. Deale, USAF Air Command and Staff College Col Mark J. Desens, USMC Marine Corps Command and Staff College 79 Green-on-Blue Attacks: Why “Insider” Violence Has Risen in Afghanistan Lt Gen David L. Goldfein, USAF The Joint Staff By Eric Jardine BGen Thomas A. Gorry, USMC Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy 84 Maj Gen Scott M. Hanson, USAF Air War College NATO Missile Defense and the View from the Front Line By Karen Kaya Col Jay L. Hatton, USMC Marine Corps War College 90 LTG David G. Perkins, USA U.S. Army Command and Missile Defense: Follow-on to European Phased Adaptive Approach By Marvin General Staff College Baker Schaffer RDML John W. Smith, Jr., USN Joint Forces Staff College LtGen Thomas D. Waldhauser, USMC The Joint Staff Recall EdItoRIAL BoARd Richard K. Betts Columbia University 95 Inverting Clausewitz: Lessons in Strategic Leadership from the Stephen D. Chiabotti School of Advanced Air and Space Studies 1918 Ludendorff Offensives By Brad Clark Eliot A. Cohen The Johns Hopkins University COL Joseph J. Collins, USA (Ret.) National War College Book Reviews Mark J. Conversino Air War College Thomas P. Ehrhard Office of Secretary of Defense Aaron L. Friedberg Princeton University 99 The Valley’s Edge Reviewed by John O’Ryan Bullock Col Thomas C. Greenwood, USMC (Ret.) Office of the Secretary of Defense 100 Douglas N. Hime Naval War College The War on Terror Reviewed by Alice A. Booher Mark H. Jacobsen Marine Corps Command and Staff College 101 Col Jerome M. Lynes, USMC (Ret.) The Joint Staff Healing the Wounded Giant Reviewed by John R. Edwards Kathleen Mahoney-Norris Air Command and Staff College Thomas L. McNaugher Georgetown University Joint Doctrine Col Mark Pizzo, USMC (Ret.) National War College James A. Schear Office of the Secretary of Defense 103 Joint Doctrine Update LtGen Bernard E. Trainor, USMC (Ret.) ContRIBUtIonS Joint Force Quarterly welcomes submission of schol- arly, independent research from members of the Armed Forces, security policymakers and shapers, defense analysts, academic specialists, and civilians from the United States and abroad. Submit articles for consider- ation to the address on the opposite page or by email to [email protected] “Attention A&R Editor” in the subject line. For further information, see the guidelines on the NDU Press Web site at ndupress.ndu.edu. JFQ is published by the National Defense University Press for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ About the covers is the Chairman’s flagship joint military and security studies journal designed to inform members of the Front cover: High-altitude, long-endurance unmanned aerial recon- U.S. Armed Forces, allies, and other partners on joint naissance system RQ-4A Global Hawk provides joint force com- and integrated operations; national security policy manders near real time digital and infrared imagery anywhere on and strategy; efforts to combat terrorism; homeland Earth in any weather condition, day or night (U.S. Air Force). Table security; and developments in training and joint pro- of contents shows Kandahar Provincial Reconstruction Team leads fessional military education to transform America’s reconstruction group through Shur Andam Industrial Park, Kanda- military and security apparatus to meet tomorrow’s har City, Afghanistan (U.S. Air Force/Richard Simonsen); Seabees challenges better while protecting freedom today. drill for fresh water at Forward Operating Base Mescall, Shah Joy District, Zabul Province, Afghanistan (U.S. Navy); Marine relays The opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are those of the contributors and do not necessarily reflect the information during antinarcotic operation in Marjah, Afghanistan views of the Department of Defense or any other agency of the Federal (U.S. Marine Corps/David A. Perez); and Air Force joint terminal Government. attack controller and fellow Servicemembers conduct patrol in ndupress.ndu.edu Laghman Province, Afghanistan (U.S. Army/Leslie Goble). chairman speaks during ceremony marking return of u.s. Forces–Iraq colors U.S. Air Force (Perry Aston) From the Chairman Leadership in Historic Times I t is a great privilege to serve as your to see what we’re made of in the months and Chairman for another term. Together years ahead. we will continue to protect our nation When Joint Force Quarterly published and honor our profession. its first issue in the summer of 1993, it Over the past 2 years, we have served featured a military leader who was in the together on the leading edge of historic midst of dealing with the transitions of changes. We are transitioning from two his era. General Colin Powell wrote of his conflicts and rekindling the skills necessary time as Chairman, “Walls have come down, to provide options against a broad range empires have crumbled, new nations have of threats. We are transitioning tens of been born.” thousands of our veterans and their families We recall those days when the Cold back into their civilian communities. We are War ended. The Joint Force had performed dealing with the reality of deep and rapid brilliantly in Operation Desert Storm, but budgetary transitions as well. We’re going those of us who served in that conflict 2 JFQ / issue 71, 4th quarter 2013 ndupress.ndu.edu realized that Service coordination and interoperability still needed to improve. As just one example, it was in Desert Storm that I first operated in a joint environment, and I had been in the Army for 15 years. Today, we know a lot more about each other, and we operate together far more effectively. Truly, the walls have come down. We are more joint today, but not yet joint enough. We will continue to explore the oppor- tunities for increased jointness because we should and because we will have to if we are to provide the range of options necessary to protect the Nation in uncertain security and on all fiscal environments. e G al It is also worth noting that the Vice by D Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in e m 1993, Admiral David Jeremiah, described g Ti n the post–Cold War world as “teeming with uyi B nascent crises.” I have described today’s General John buford and dismounted troopers holding A.P. hill’s corps on the morning of July 1, 1863 world as more dangerous than at any time in my career because of the increasing number of actors—state and nonstate—that can do us harm. In any case, no matter how we describe the security environment, it will be the enduring quality and dedication of our Servicemembers that will allow us to prevail. Soldiers, Sailors, Marines, Airmen, and Coastguardsmen are serving together today all over the world. General Powell’s maxim that “we train as a team, fight as a team, and win as a team” is even truer today. As we confront competing security priorities and declining resources, we cannot short-change our commitment to jointness either in train- ing or in operations. el) Leadership got the Joint Force through Stikk its post–Cold War challenges 20 years ago, e n e and it will get us through today’s challenges el H as well. I have witnessed firsthand the D ( O D courage, dedication, and determination of General colin L. Powell, then chairman of the Joint chiefs of staff, interviewed after cease-fire in operation our nation’s military leaders at every level— Desert Storm leaders who, even as I write this message, are lacing up their boots and departing body of the Union Army could establish the security of forward operating bases in itself in defensive positions behind him. He Afghanistan, strapping themselves into replied simply, “I reckon I can.” He did, of jets to fly combat air patrols wherever and course, and those serving with him may whenever needed, steaming through waters arguably have saved the Union on that within range of increasingly capable adver- fateful day through their courage, valor, and MARTIN E. DEMPSEY saries, diving to unimaginable depths of the perseverance. General, U.S. Army ocean, or simply serving in places where few In that spirit, those of us privileged to Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff would willingly go. lead today must act with similar courage, One hundred and fifty years ago, on valor, and perseverance. We will be tested. the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg, I have been asked often whether I General John Buford was asked if he could think we can manage all of the challenges we hold Seminary Ridge against a numerically will continue to face. I reckon we can. I am superior Confederate force until the main proud to continue to serve with you. JFQ ndupress.ndu.edu issue 71, 4th quarter 2013 / JFQ 3 n) e ull C es Myl senior enlisted Advisor to chairman D. speaks at ramstein Air base D ( O D Widening the Aperture in Education By B r y a n B . B a t t a g l i a Our education efforts provide a force multiplier in our effort to develop and advance the shared values, standards, and attributes that define our Profession of Arms. However, much is changing in the security environment as well as the experiences of our leaders that will challenge us to deliver high quality Joint education as never before. —General Martin E. Dempsey Joint Education White Paper A s noted in the Chairman’s Our four Service branches confi- Joint Education White Paper dently maintain their traditional Title 10 (dated July 16, 2012), we obligation (man, train, and equip), and belong not only to a Profes- the enlisted professional military educa- sion of Arms, but also to a learning institu- tion system is well established throughout tion. Continued education allows us to the enlisted Service academies. Enlisted sergeant Major bryan b. battaglia, usMc, is the become more proficient, more valued, and professional military education serves as a senior enlisted Advisor to the chairman of the Joint more relevant in our roles and responsibili- dynamic foundation for continued growth chiefs of staff and the senior Noncommissioned ties as senior noncommissioned officers and follow-on assignments. Outside of the officer in the u.s. Armed Forces. (NCOs) and petty officers (POs). confines of intra-Service billets are enlisted 4 JFQ / issue 71, 4th quarter 2013 ndupress.ndu.edu joint assignments that necessitate additional Joint and Combined Warfighting Joint Information Operations Orien- education not normally embedded in an School JPME-II. Select NCOs/POs (E7 and tation Course. Select NCOs/POs (E7 and enlisted academy curriculum. Enlisted joint above) are eligible for nomination/selection above) may be considered for nomination professional military education (JPME) has to this program located at the Joint Forces case by case. This 1-week course gives stu- a similar design as it prepares Servicemem- Staff College (JFSC) in Norfolk, Virginia. dents a common baseline of information bers for those joint or multinational roles. Graduates will be able to lead joint planning operations knowledge upon which to build As further defined in the Chairman’s efforts, integrate the creativity of operational practical skills and abilities to employ tools white paper: art with the analytical and logical process and techniques. Students are exposed to four of operational design, and be proficient blocks of instruction: strategy; intelligence The last decade has . . . demonstrated that with the Joint Operation Planning Process support; information-related capabilities; our enlisted force requires education and as the application framework to develop and organization, training, and equip- not “just training.” Recognizing that officers theater strategies and operational plans in a ping. Each block includes a combination of and enlisted personnel have different func- complex global operating environment. instructor lecture, guest speaker presenta- tions, responsibilities, authorities and levels Advanced JPME (AJPME). Select tions, guided discussions, and/or panel of organizational accountability, Joint Force NCOs/POs (E7 and above) are eligible for discussions. 2020 must develop the talents and abilities nomination/selection. AJPME is a Reserve Joint Information Operations Plan- of leaders at every echelon to maximize their component program similar in content ners Course. Select NCOs/POs (E7 and individual potential, build effective units, but not identical to the in-residence JFSC above) may be considered for nomination and to optimize their contribution to the joint Phase II course. Students are JPME Phase I case by case. The course educates and trains fight. We must assist every service member in graduates. AJPME educates Reserve officers, students to plan, integrate, and synchronize becoming a life-long learner, always hungry builds upon the foundation established in full-spectrum information operations into for new knowledge and deeper understanding. JPME Phase I, and prepares Reserve offi- joint operational-level plans and orders. cers (O4 to O6) for joint duty assignments. The course accomplishes this through class There are many National Defense AJPME is the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs presentations, guest lectures, case studies, University (NDU)–sponsored programs of Staff–directed JPME Phase II-equivalent and practical exercises in a joint seminar available to our enlisted force that will offer education for Reserve officers. environment. continued growth in your professional mili- Reserve Components National Secu- Homeland Security Planner’s Course. tary career. rity Course. Select NCOs/POs (E7 and Select NCOs/POs (E7 and above) are eligible Senior Enlisted Joint Professional above) are eligible for nomination. It is a for nomination. The course consists of 40 Military Education. Select NCOs/POs (E6 2-week course facilitated by NDU two to hours of instruction conducted through and above) are eligible. It is a stand-alone three times per year. Currently, there is only informal lectures, guided discussion, guest Web-based course that uses multimedia one NCO/PO in each seminar (approxi- speakers, and case studies. It concludes with instruction. It contains a pretest, module mately 18 students per session). an 8-hour computer-assisted simulation knowledge checks, and final examination. Joint, Interagency, and Multinational exercise in homeland security consequence Students can access this program through Planner’s Course. Select NCOs/POs (E7 management. their respective Knowledge Online sites (for and above) are eligible for nomination. It is KEYSTONE. This senior (E9) executive- example, Army Knowledge Online, Joint a 40-hour course for government personnel level course prepares command senior Knowledge Online, Air Force Portal, Marine along with international partners at O4 to enlisted leaders (CSELs) for service in a joint Online, and so forth). O6 levels (or civilian equivalent) to engage headquarters. The course enables students Masters of Arts in Strategic Security in a 30-person seminar to enhance planning to think intuitively joint, while serving as Studies. Select enlisted personnel from skills necessary to be more fully enabled CSELs in general/flag officer joint organi- special operations forces are eligible for planners for a unified commander in zations. Areas of study and outcomes are nomination into this program located at answering the challenges of complex contin- national military capabilities and organiza- Fort Bragg, North Carolina. The program gencies and effective campaign planning. tion, joint doctrine, joint force leadership, analyzes the 21st-century geopolitical envi- Joint Command, Control, Commu- and Service, joint, interagency, and multina- ronment characterized by the rise of non- nications, Computers, and Intelligence tional capabilities. state actors and the uneven erosion of state (C4I) Staff and Operations Course. Select Do any of these courses sound interest- sovereignty; evaluates the roles of power and NCOs/POs (E7 and above) are eligible for ing to you? If so, visit www.jfsc.ndu.edu/ ideology, rise of new politicized ideological nomination. The course provides students or inquire at your command education and movements, and bases for authority and with a broad understanding of approved training office. JFQ legitimacy; studies the relationship among joint C4I doctrine and current policy guid- political objectives, strategy, and all instru- ance, helps students apply joint C4I concepts ments of national power; and develops skills and organizations to the operational level of to think critically and strategically, differen- war (focused on the joint task force action tiate between policy and analysis, and apply officer), and helps students apply skills and knowledge in collaborative and complex procedures for duty in joint or Service C4I circumstances with diverse partners. staff operations and planning assignments. ndupress.ndu.edu issue 71, 4th quarter 2013 / JFQ 5 Executive Summary R ecently I taught a lesson here at But more than identifying the problem, to more effectively deal with global crises as National Defense University on Dr. Iklé places the burden of seeking to limit they arise. war termination. The required war on the world’s “leading democracies . Next, from the National War College, readings included a chapter . . to create a new political order” with “the Ambassador Gregory Schulte takes us back from Fred Iklé’s seminal work, Every War purpose of this endeavor to bring every war to a time just before the current period Must End (Columbia University Press, 1971). to an end without unleashing the cataclysmic of war by discussing the Kosovo air war’s Dr. Iklé initially published this book as the destruction made possible by modern tech- strategic lessons. Having been at the center United States was looking for an exit from nology.”1 His concern was over the remaining of American air power employment at the Vietnam War. This classroom reading size of the nuclear, biological, and chemical the start of the Libyan campaign, Major was a part of what turned out to be a timely stockpiles that we still recognize as a global General Margaret Woodward and Lieuten- and spirited discussion as the drawdown of threat. After some 20 years, the democratic ant Colonel Philip Morrison next provide forces in Afghanistan continues and events nations of the world are again wrestling with the logic behind that effort to protect civil- unfold around the likely U.S. response to the primary strategy equation of ends, ways, ian populations, while engaged in a similar Syria’s use of chemical weapons on its own and means—mixing in a good amount of effort a decade later. On the domestic politi- citizens. technology along the way as we collectively cal front, as the White House seeks congres- General Colin Powell credits Every War seek order in this unsettled world. Joint Force sional approval prior to any military action Must End with giving him an understand- Quarterly seeks to publish thoughtful articles in Syria, James Terry’s article on Libya and ing of how to end the first Gulf War. In his that should help the reader find insight in the War Powers Act should be placed at the revision of the work published in 2005, Dr. how best to meet the continuing challenges top of any serious policymaker’s must-read Iklé criticized Washington’s handling of the the new world order brings. list. Collectively, these articles offer a sig- Iraq War. He identifies the hard questions In this edition’s Forum, we present four nificant set of considerations given the situ- that all parties involved in a conflict wrestle valuable views that offer you the opportunity ation in relation to what the United States with, including determining what the goal is, to consider new uses for existing capabilities might do militarily to respond to Syrian how it can be achieved, and when will it be in order to calculate the resource implica- attacks on its population. It is rare that JFQ obvious that end has arrived. Dr. Iklé offers tions and review legal issues emerging from is able to offer such important thinking at many historical cases to show the complexity combat operations in Kosovo, Iraq, Afghani- the moment such events unfold, but this is of war as viewed from many vantage points, stan, and Libya. Given the current entropic exactly what we hope to do when we are able. including the parliaments and chateaus of global environment, these authors provide This edition next presents the 2013 World War I, the end of war with Japan, the a diverse set of views on modern warfare, 7th Annual Secretary of Defense and 32nd geostrategic challenges in the 1950–1953 which we believe are essential reading. One Annual Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Korean War, the secret negotiations in Paris of the evolving capabilities of the joint force Essay Competition winners in each of the during the Vietnam War, and more. resides with the U.S. and coalition partner three categories. This year’s competition has As with every good book, the author airborne forces. Major General John Nich- yielded some outstanding writing on a much must have a main purpose for writing it. I olson, Lieutenant Colonel Jason Condrey, wider range of topics than usual. The judges believe that Dr. Iklé works hard to provide and Major Claude Lambert explain how the from across the joint professional military the insight that both civilian and military forcible entry capability, resident within education community all commended the strategists and planners rarely spend as the joint force and growing in our partners, students for their critical thinking skills much time working on how to end a war as remains a requirement to assure forces can and writing talent. In the winning Secretary they do on beginning one. His examples are gain access to conflict areas when required. of Defense essay, Colonel Jonathan Rice plentiful enough to describe this condition They also discuss the value added interna- discusses the most important questions that as one that is historically true for more than tionally when U.S. airborne forces provide must be answered when issuing cyber attack just Americans. essential training to our partners as a means guidance. Lieutenant Colonel Joel Luker won 6 JFQ / issue 71, 4th quarter 2013 ndupress.ndu.edu these horrific events happen in Afghanistan. If there is armed resistance to placing our joint force where it can assist the host nation to develop along peaceful lines or if an out- right effort to oppose the application of mili- tary force is at issue, the United States and its allies have options. In this issue, we return to the ongoing discussion in JFQ of missile defense in Europe. Karen Kaya provides an in-depth report on North Atlantic Treaty Organiza- a) tion efforts in Turkey. After recent heated uz So debates over missile defense both on politi- e et cal and technical grounds, Marvin Schaffer P use ( discusses what comes next in the Alliance o H after the planned European Phased Adaptive e Whit Approach completes. President meets with National security staff in situation room to discuss syria The Recall section takes us back to the trenches of World War I, where Brad Clark in the Chairman’s strategic essay category Dr. Colin Gray follows up his popular examines the strategic leadership lessons with a timely review of how culture within article published in JFQ 67 on strategists as we can take from the infamous Ludendorff the Defense Department is key to solving its heroes with his views on strategy focusing Offensives of 1918. Two of our Joint Staff current budget issues. In the Chairman’s stra- on five perspectives that include concepts, doctrine partners, James Parrington and tegic article category, in which the author has ethics, culture, geography, and technology. Mike Findlay, offer us a detailed discussion to successfully develop and defend a theme As always with Professor Gray’s writing, on mission command, along with their joint in 1,500 words or less, Gina Bennett explores there is something for everyone interested doctrine publication update. As always, we the difficulty of seeking to defeat al Qaeda. in the subject to contemplate. If seeking to bring you three important book reviews that In addition to these winners, JFQ will feature understand strategy remains high on your we hope you will find useful. additional high quality essays from this year’s list of necessary tasks, then Professor Daniel As I have mentioned in an earlier contest in future editions. McCauley offers a set of important ideas edition of JFQ, change is a constant and As editor, I am fortunate to have the on how to deal with the complexities of the nowhere more so recently than here at opportunity to blend the writing of both globalized world in which the joint force NDU Press. One of our longest serving staff new authors and journal alumni. This edi- must operate. members, George Maerz, retired this spring tion’s Commentary section has a wealth of In the Features section, we have three after more than 40 years of U.S. Government great thoughts from both on the constantly discussions focused on how we can continue service, most of which was with National evolving world of intelligence, surveillance, to develop the joint force as we assist host Defense University and NDU Press. George and reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities, the nations in building for a better future and was the lead editor on thousands of pages of value of strategy, and how best to organize two perspectives in the on-going debate on national and international security writing the joint force for effective employment as missile defense in Europe. Drawing on the produced by students and scholars as well as we go forward. On the ISR front, General Iraq experience, Dr. Keith Boyer and Lieuten- from national and internationally renowned Robert Cone calls for a restructuring of how ant General Robert Allardice, USAF (Ret.), thinkers and doers. All of us who have ben- the U.S. Army is organized at the opera- provide a good primer on how to assist a efited from his work owe George thanks for tional level to take advantage of the experi- host nation in building better governance all of the quiet excellence he added to every ences of the last decade war and to ensure beginning with improving its ministerial page he touched. the joint force and the Army are best posi- capacity. Next, Lieutenant General Robert We continue to look ahead for new and tioned to exploit the advantages that recon- Caslen, Colonel Dean Raab, and Lieutenant engaging writing on issues important to the naissance and surveillance provide beyond Colonel Geoffrey Adams present a set of joint force, and I encourage you to find the the tactical fight. He suggests that even as useful recommendations for improving joint time to write and engage us in a conversa- the Army shrinks, this deeper and higher security cooperation doctrine, as well as the tion about the world you see ahead. JFQ level integration is critical to determining requisite authorities needed to execute this enemy intent over time. Andrew Robert critical mission. Security cooperation and —William t. Eliason, Editor Marvin develops new approaches to how ISR host nation capacity-building have not been could be effectively tailored to address the without their own sets of risks. The recurring not E operational problems inherent in joint force problem of host forces attacking coalition 1 Fred Charles Iklé, Every War Must End, rev. employment to locations where adversaries forces, especially in a training setting (so ed. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1981), are prepared to present commanders and called “green-on-blue” attacks), is the subject xv. units with antiaccess/area-denial issues. of Eric Jardine’s article, which looks into why ndupress.ndu.edu issue 71, 4th quarter 2013 / JFQ 7