C P RIMINOLOGICAL ERSPECTIVES ON R C ACE AND RIME Criminological Perspectives on Race and Crime, Third Edition is an ideal starting point for those interested in examining how well criminological theory contextualizes racial and ethnic disparities. A perfect addition to either crime theory or race and crime courses, this is the only text to look at the array of explanations for crime as they relate to racial and ethnic groups. Each chapter includes a historical review of each the- oretical perspective and how its original formulation and more recent derivatives account for racial/ethnic differences, and a consider ation of potential weaknesses or criticisms of each theory in Gabbidon’s effort to determine the success of these criminological perspectives. This third edition has been updated throughout, with the major addition of race-centered perspectives in Chapter 9 . Shaun L. Gabbidon , Ph.D., is Distinguished Professor of Criminal Jus- tice at Penn State Harrisburg. He has also served as a fellow at Harvard University’s W.E.B. Du Bois Institute for Afro-American Research, and has taught at the Center for Africana Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. Professor Gabbidon is the author of more than 100 scholarly publications including more than 60 peer-reviewed articles and 11 books. Dr. Gabbidon can be contacted at [email protected] Criminology and Justice Studies Series Edited by Shaun L. Gabbidon, Penn State Harrisburg Criminology and Justice Studies offers works that make both intellectual and sty- listic innovations in the study of crime and criminal justice. The goal of the series is to publish works that model the best scholarship and thinking in the criminology and criminal justice fi eld today, but in a style that connects that scholarship to a wider audience including advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and the general public. The works in this series help fi ll the gap between academic mono- graphs and encyclopedic textbooks by making innovative scholarship accessible to a large audience without the superfi ciality of many texts. Books in the Series Published: Biosocial Criminology: New Directions in Theory and Research edited by Anthony Walsh and Kevin M. Beaver Community Policing in America by Jeremy M. Wilson Criminal Justice Theory: Explaining the Nature and Behavior of Criminal Justice edited by David E. Duffee and Edward R. Maguire Lifers: Seeking Redemption in Prison by John Irwin Race, Law and American Society: 1607 to Present by Gloria J. Browne-Marshall Today’s White Collar Crime by Hank J. Brightman T he New Criminal Justice: American Communities and the Changing World of Crime Control by John Klofas, Natalie Hipple, and Edmund McGarrell The Policing of Terrorism: Organizational and Global Perspectives by Mathieu Defl em Corrections by Jeanne Stinchcomb Community Policing by Michael Palmiotto A Theory of African American Offending by James Unnever and Shaun Gabbidon When Crime Appears: The Role of Emergence by Jean McGloin, Christopher Sullivan, and Leslie Kennedy Voices from Criminal Justice edited by Heith Copes and Mark Pogrebin Crime and the Life Course, 2/e by Michael Benson Wrongful Convictions and Miscarriages of Justice edited by C. Ron Huff and Martin Killias Human Traffi cking: Interdisciplinary Perspectives edited by Mary C. Burke Race, Law and American Society, 2/e: 1607 to Present by Gloria J. Browne-Marshall Research Methods in Crime and Justice by Brian Withrow Crime and Networks edited by Carlo Morselli Wrongful Conviction and Criminal Justice Reform edited by Marvin Zalman and Julia Carrano Questioning Capital Punishment: Law, Policy, and Practice by James R. Acker Understanding White-Collar Crime: An Opportunity Perspective, Second Edition by Michael L. Benson and Sally S. Simpson Criminological Perspectives on Race and Crime, Third Edition by Shaun Gabbidon C RIMINOLOGICAL P ERSPECTIVES ON R C ACE AND RIME T E HIRD DITION Shaun L. Gabbidon Th ird Edition published 2015 by Routledge 711 Th ird Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2015 Taylor & Francis Th e right of Shaun L. Gabbidon to be identifi ed as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation without intent to infringe. First edition published by Routledge 2007 Second edition published by Routledge 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gabbidon, Shaun L., 1967– Criminological perspectives on race and crime / Shaun L. Gabbidon. — Th ird edition. pages cm. — (Criminology and justice studies) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Crime and race. 2. Criminology—Philosophy. 3. D iscrimination in criminal justice administration. 4. Ethnopsychology. I. Title. HV6191.G33 2015 364.3'4—dc23 2014032969 ISBN: 978-1-138-82661-8 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-138-82662-5 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-73916-8 (ebk) Typeset in Adobe Caslon by Apex CoVantage, LLC Additional Books by Shaun L. Gabbidon African American Criminological Thought , co-authored with Helen Tay- lor Greene (SUNY Press, 2000) African American Classics in Criminology and Criminal Justice , edited with Helen Taylor Greene and Vernetta D. Young (SAGE, 2002) Race, Crime, and Justice: A Reader , edited with Helen Taylor Greene (Routledge, 2005) Race and Juvenile Justice, edited with Helen Taylor Greene and Everette B. Penn (Carolina Academic Press, 2006) W.E.B. Du Bois on Crime and Justice: Laying the Foundations of Sociologi- cal Criminology (Ashgate, 2007) Race and Crime, 2nd edition , co-authored with Helen Taylor Greene (SAGE, 2009) Race, Ethnicity, Crime, and Justice: An International Dilemma (SAGE, 2009) Encyclopedia of Race and Crime , edited with Helen Taylor Greene (SAGE, 2009) Race and Crime: A Text Reader, edited with Helen Taylor Greene (SAGE, 2011) A Theory of African American Offending: Race, Racism, and Crime , co-authored with James D. Unnever (Routledge, 2011) This page intentionally left blank C ONTENTS PREFACE IX ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XIII CHAPTER 1 A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO RACE, CRIME, AND THEORY 1 CHAPTER 2 BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON RACE AND CRIME 9 CHAPTER 3 SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION AND STRAIN PERSPECTIVES ON RACE AND CRIME 45 CHAPTER 4 SUBCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES ON RACE AND CRIME 73 CHAPTER 5 LABELING PERSPECTIVES ON RACE AND CRIME 93 CHAPTER 6 CONFLICT PERSPECTIVES ON RACE AND CRIME 121 CHAPTER 7 SOCIAL CONTROL PERSPECTIVES ON RACE AND CRIME 151 CHAPTER 8 COLONIAL PERSPECTIVES ON RACE AND CRIME 177 CHAPTER 9 GENDER AND RACE-CENTERED PERSPECTIVES ON RACE AND CRIME 195 CHAPTER 10 CONCLUSION 229 PERMISSIONS 233 REFERENCES 235 INDEX 275 vii This page intentionally left blank P REFACE As I noted in the fi rst edition of this work, the idea for this book has its origins in Coramae Richey Mann’s classic text, Unequal Justice: A Question of Color (1993). As a graduate student, I can recall reading Chapter 3 , in which Mann reviewed theories that sought to explain offending and victimization trends among racial and ethnic minorities. After reading the chapter, I realized the importance of exploring the utility of criminological perspectives for contextualizing race, ethnic- ity, and crime. Thus, the fi rst edition of this work represented the fi rst attempt to provide book-length coverage of criminological theories that have been proffered to better understand race, ethnicity, and crime (for chapter-length discussions of theories used to explain race and crime, see Gabbidon and Taylor Greene 2013, Chapter 3; Leiber 2008). To say the least, the response to the fi rst two editions was overwhelming! In addition to strong sales and scholarly reviews, I received emails and had personal conversations with countless colleagues from around the world who were appreciative of the work. Consequently, on the heels of this positive feedback, Routledge decided to publish this third edition. This new edition has been updated with cuts in some places and additions in others. Even so, I cannot claim the work is fully compre- hensive. The sheer number of works published each year precludes the inclusion of every study that tests the perspectives profi led in this book. Nonetheless, the work provides, as reviewers of the fi rst edition noted (see Dawson-Edwards 2008; Henderson 2008; Knowles 2008), a start- ing point for those interested in examining how well criminological theory contextualizes racial and ethnic disparities. ix