Course Material for App. Asst. Loco Pilot (RRB) Electric Traction Training Centre South Central Railway Vijayawada 2014 App Assistant loco pilot’s (RRB) course material INDEX Sl. Description Page No. No. 1 Indian Railways (3 days) 2-10 General Information 3-4 Fire fighting 5-7 First aid 7-10 2 Basics of Elec. And Mech. Engg. (3 days) 11-25 Electrical – symbols, electricity, voltage, intensity, resistance, Ohm‘s Law 11-14 Simple Electrical circuits, short circuit 14-16 Electrical Connections 16 Conductors and Insulators, Capacitors, Protective devices 16-18 Battery, ammeters, voltmeters 18-20 DC Motors, AC Motors, Generator / Alternator 20-22 Rectifier, Inverter 22-23 Precautions to be taken with various voltages of Electricity 23-24 Basic Diesel Engine 24-25 3 Familiarization with OHE and Lay outs and working of various types of loco / sub-system / sub assemblies including SIV, 26-262 Microprocessor and 3-Ø Locomotives Abbreviations of Loco equipment 26-32 Technical data of various locos 33-34 Locations of equipment (base WAG-5) 35-41 Cut out cocks and Drain cocks in Loco 42-44 Switches, interlocks, MP, Pantograph, Batteries & charger, contactors 45-69 and relays Study of various OHE components 70-74 Power Circuits – feeding power, auxiliary power & control, traction 75-144 power & various control circuits in traction power sub systems Study of Static Inverter based loco 145-160 Study of Microprocessor based loco 161-175 Study of 3-Ø loco 176-261 Various schedule inspection of loco 262 4 Familiarization with relevant aspects of coaches and wagon for 263-297 tackling problems on run Locomotive Bogies 263-266 Pneumatic system, air & vacuum brake systems 267-297 5 Locomotive operating instructions and trouble shooting 298-333 Duties of ALP as per ACTM, TMs 298-300 Head light, 300-303 Horns not sounding, neutral section duties, negotiating gradient, ACP, 304-306 Fire Extinguishers, safety rules in 25 KV traction, emergency telephone Loco grounding, use of flasher light, safety equipment 307-308 Various loco checking procedures, stabling of loco in yard, reading of 309-320 loco logbook and making entries Working the train from rear cab, crew friendly cab locations, MU, 320-333 Precaution to avoid wheel skidding, Auto flasher light, Pneumatic panels 6 Crew Lobby and control office training 334-336 Page 2 of 339 ETTC/BZA/S.C. Railway App Assistant loco pilot’s (RRB) course material Indian Railways – General Information At Railway Ministry level and Board level At Railway Board Level Page 3 of 339 ETTC/BZA/S.C. Railway App Assistant loco pilot’s (RRB) course material At Zonal Level General Manager Additional General Manager COM CEE CME CELE CEGE CESE CEDE Dy.CEE/RS At Divisional Level DRM ADRM Sr.DOM Sr.DEE/RSO Sr.DEE/TRS Sr.DME Sr.DPO Sr.DSO Sr.DAO ADEE LIs CCCs TLCs Running Staff Page 4 of 339 ETTC/BZA/S.C. Railway App Assistant loco pilot’s (RRB) course material Fire fighting Classification of Fires For all practical purposes the basic types of fires can be grouped into following four classes: Class A Fires: Fires involving combustible materials of organic nature, such as wood, paper, rubber and many plastics, etc., where the cooling effect of water is essential for extinction of fires. Class B Fires: Fires involving flammable liquids. Petroleum products, or the like, where a blanketing effect is essential. Class C Fires: Fires involving flammable gases under pressure including liquefied gases, where it is necessary to inhibit the burning gas at fast rate with an inert gas, powder or vaporizing liquid for extinguishments. Class D Fires: Fires involving combustible metals, such as magnesium, aluminum, zinc, sodium, potassium, when the burning metals are reactive to water containing agents, and in certain cases carbon dioxide, halogenated hydrocarbons and ordinary dry powders. These fires require special media and techniques to extinguish. Fire Extinguishers: The types of extinguishers mentioned below against each class of fire are generally most suited. a) Class A Fires - Water expelling type extinguishers. b) Class B Fires - Foam, dry powder, vaporizing liquid, carbon dioxide extinguishers. c) Class C Fires - Dry powder and carbon dioxide extinguishers. d) Class D Fire - Extinguishers designed for expelling special dry chemical powder. Fire fighting Fire on a running train is more catastrophic than on a stationary one, since fanning by winds helps spread the fire to other coaches. Moreover, passengers sometime jump out of a running train on fire resulting in increased casualties. In case of fire in running train, every railway staff available on the train or at the site shall immediately try and stop the train and plunge into action to save lives and property. Following sources are main causes of fire in trains: 1) Carrying stoves, sigris, gas cylinders, kerosene oil, petrol, fire works etc. in passenger compartments. 2) Making fire/using fire near paper, wood, petrol or such other inflammable articles. 3) Lighted match sticks, cigarette ends carelessly thrown. 4) Short circuit in electrical wirings. 5) Using naked light during authority taken delivery to the Loco Pilot, shunting of inflammable loads, sealing of inflammable wagons. 6) Use of open fire, smoking near gas/petrol tank. All railway staff and passengers should take all possible precautions to avoid any of the above mistakes so that possibility of fire breaking out can be minimized. Page 5 of 339 ETTC/BZA/S.C. Railway App Assistant loco pilot’s (RRB) course material Action to be taken in case of Fire in Train: 1) First and foremost immediately summon the fire brigade. 2) Secondly, if you smell gas or vapour, or even in case of excessive smoke, hold a wet cloth loosely over your nose & mouth and breathe through it in as normal a manner as possible. In case of fire in a passenger train: 1) In case of, fire pull the Alarm Chain and stop the train immediately. 2) Try and put out the fire before it becomes a big blaze by using either water or blankets etc. 3) More people expire due to suffocation from smoke rather than due to actual burning. 4) Advice passengers to take a cloth, wet it in their drinking water, and cover their nostrils. 5) Instruct passengers to go to the other end of the coach which is away from the fire and if possible cross over to the next coach through the vestibule. 6) Insist that passengers should save themselves first and not to bother about their luggage which can be retrieved later on. 7) Make sure that no passenger lies down on the floor. 8) After train has stopped, passengers should come down from the coach immediately. 9) Building up confidence of injured passengers by suitable advice is of great importance. 10) Don‘t panic. 11) Ascertain the type of fire viz. dry, all gaseous, electric and use the right type of extinguishers. 12) Isolate the burning vehicle from other vehicle by uncoupling. 13) Train to be protected by Loco Pilot and guard at both ends according to the provision of G&SR 6.03. 14) Report it to the nearest station/control/fire station. In the event of fire on an Electric engine/EMU 1) Loco Pilot shall immediately switch off the circuit (open VCB) and lower the pantograph. The train shall then be brought to a stop at once. 2) After disconnecting the electric supply to affected circuits, Loco Pilot shall take necessary action to put out the fire. 3) If fire cannot be extinguished by the above means Loco Pilot shall advice TPC through emergency telephone to arrange for OHE of the affected section to be switched off. 4) The Guard and any other staff available shall render all possible assistance to the Loco Pilot in putting out the fire. 5) Ordinary fire extinguishers or water from a hose pipe shall on no account be used to extinguish fire on live wire or electrical equipment. 6) If services of fire brigade are required, fire brigade shall not be allowed to commence operation until all electrical equipments in the vicinity of the fire have been made dead. In the event of a fire on a Diesel Engine/DMU stock: 1) The Loco Pilot/Motorman shall immediately switch off the circuit breaker and shut down the engine. The train shall be brought to stop at once. 2) The guard shall give all possible assistance to the Loco Pilot in putting out the fire. Page 6 of 339 ETTC/BZA/S.C. Railway App Assistant loco pilot’s (RRB) course material 3) Fire extinguishers of approved type shall be provided on each diesel locomotive and motor coach of DMU when these are turned out from the home shed. The SSE/CWS in charge of the shed shall inspect the fire extinguishers and ensure that these are in good working condition, and not overdue. When a person is on fire: 1) Approach him holding the nearest available wrap in front of you. 2) Wrap it round him. 3) Lay him flat and smother the flames. 4) He may roll on the floor, smothering the flames. 5) On no account should he rush out in the open air. 6) Call for assistance. Dry chemical powder type fire extinguisher (DCP): These types are suitable for tackling petroleum, gas, electrical fire and controlling fires of textile fibers. Sodium based chemical powder is used on a fire which undergo chemical reaction. How to Use: 1) Carry to the place of fire and keep it up right. 2) Remove the safety clip. 3) Strike the knob located in the cap. 4) Sealing disk of the cartridge gets broken and allows carbon dioxide gas to escape to the main shall and powder is pushed out. 5) Direct the steam of the powder at the base of the flame. 6) For effective result stand at about 1.5 to 2.5 m. near the seat of the fire. 7) Move forward with moving the nozzle rapidly from side to side in sweeping motion. 8) When using on outdoor fires operate from the up wind side for effective spray. First aid What is First Aid? First Aid is the immediate treatment given to the victim of an accident or sudden illness, before medical help is obtained. Aims of First Aid: The main aims of First Aid are:  To preserve life,  To promote recovery,  To prevent the worsening of the victim's condition. Principles of First Aid: The First step that a rescuer should take is to examine the victim to know the details of injuries and their nature. This constitutes the Diagnosis section of First Aid. The next step is to actually perform the First-Aid measure or man oeuvre that is deemed appropriate. This constitutes the Treatment section of First Aid. The third step is to arrange for the casualty to be seen by a qualified doctor or have him shifted to a nearby hospital. This step is in the First Aid providers jargon known rather disparagingly as Disposal. Page 7 of 339 ETTC/BZA/S.C. Railway App Assistant loco pilot’s (RRB) course material Mouth-to-Mouth Resuscitation:  Assess the responsiveness of the patient by gently shaking the victim and shouting "Are you OK"? This precaution will prevent us from injuring during resuscitation someone who is not truly unconscious.  Ask someone nearby to call for Medical Help.  Move the victim away from any dangerous location, that is, locations close to harmful gases, fire, etc. Place the victim face up on a firm surface, such as the floor or the ground.  Open the Airway. One very important step in the resuscitation process is to immediately open the airway. Quite often the tongue may block the passage of air into the air passages. To open the airway, one hand must be placed on the victim's forehead and firm, backward pressure with the palm is applied to tilt the head back. If there is a suspicion of neck injury, the head should not be moved unless it is absolutely necessary to open the airway. Place the fingers of the other hand just under the chin and lift to bring the chin forward. If there is material like vomits or any foreign body that appears to block the air passages it must be removed.  Ascertain whether the patient is breathing: With the airway open, look at the chest for signs of breathing. Put your ear next to the nose and mouth and listen for breathing. Feel for the flow of air. If there is no breathing, begin artificial respiration.  Mouth-to-Mouth Resuscitation: Place one hand on the victim's forehead to pinch the victim's nose closed. Ensure that your breathing is regular. Take a deep breath and place your mouth tightly over the victim's mouth. If you wish you may place a thin handkerchief between your mouth and the victim's mouth. However, do not use a very thick cloth, as it may be difficult to blow through it. Blow until the victim's chest rises. Listen for air being passively exhaled. Repeat with breaths at the rate of 12 times per minute. Children should receive smaller breaths repeated at the rate of 20 times per minute. Dealing with Bleeding: Bleeding is one of the commonest causes of death in accidents. It is caused by the rupture of blood vessels due to the severity of the injury. There are two types of bleeding: external bleeding which is obvious and apparent and internal bleeding where the bleeding is not apparent at the outset but may manifest itself later in the form of bleeding from the nose, ear, lungs or stomach. Signs and Symptoms of Bleeding:  The patient may feel faint and even collapse.  The skin becomes cold and clammy.  The pulse becomes rapid and weak.  Breathing becomes shallow and the patient may gasp for air and sigh deeply.  Profuse sweating may occur.  Thirst may be prominent. Identifying the source of bleeding: Bleeding may occur from the arteries, veins or capillaries or from combinations of the three. It can be identified by the following characteristics: Page 8 of 339 ETTC/BZA/S.C. Railway App Assistant loco pilot’s (RRB) course material  Bleeding from the arteries is bright red and comes out in jets or spurts, which correspond to the beating of the heart. This kind of bleeding is very dangerous and may cause death quickly.  Bleeding from the veins is dark in colour and often flows out in a continuous stream.  Bleeding from capillaries is steady, slow ooze. In an acute situation, especially if on the surface of the body, it is less worrying than an arterial or veinous bleeding. How to manage External Bleeding?  Bring the sides of the wound together and press firmly.  Place the patient in a comfortable position and raise the injured part (if no bone fracture is suspected).  If you know the pressure points at the appropriate locations then press on them firmly for 10-15 minutes.  Apply a clean pad larger than the wound and press it firmly with the palm until the bleeding lessens and finally stops.  If the bleeding continues, do not remove the original dressing but add more pads.  Finally bandage firmly but not too tightly.  Treat for shock.  Shift the patient to a hospital as soon as possible. How to manage Internal Bleeding? 1. Lay the patient down with the head low. Raise his legs using pillows. 2. Keep the patient calm and relaxed with reassurance. Do not allow the patient to move. 3. Maintain the body heat with blankets, rugs or coats. 4. Do not give anything to eat. 5. Do not apply hot water bottles or ice bags to the chest or abdomen. This may make things worse. 6. Arrange for the patient to be shifted to the hospital at the earliest. How does one identify if a patient is in shock and how should it be managed? Shock and its Management:  Shock is a condition of collapse, which should be treated as top priority, second only to attending to obstructed breathing, stoppage of the heart or severe bleeding. Conditions in which shock is seen  Severe Bleeding: Shock is most often caused due to loss of blood. It may either develop at once or may be delayed. The blood loss could be either seen externally or could be internal within a particular organ or system. The greater the loss of blood, the greater the risk of developing shock. It is important to remember that the slow, steady loss of blood can produce shock.  Heart Attacks: Obstructed blood supply to the heart and failure of the function of the heart can produce shock.  Severe burns: Extensive areas of the burnt skin surface can produce shock.  Severe Bacterial Infections: Discharge of toxins produced by the bacteria into the blood stream can produce shock.  Abdominal Emergencies: A burst appendix, perforated intestine or stomach, intestinal obstruction, pancreatitis etc, can produce shock.  Excessive Loss of Body Fluids: Diarrhea, vomiting etc. can produce shock. Page 9 of 339 ETTC/BZA/S.C. Railway App Assistant loco pilot’s (RRB) course material  Crush Injuries: Injuries following explosions, building collapses etc., can produce shock. Recognizing Shock:  The patient may feel giddy or faint.  The skin feels cold and clammy.  The face and lips look pale.  The pulse may be rapid and weak.  The patient may complain of blurring of vision.  The patient may vomit.  In the later stages of shock the patient becomes unconscious. Managing Shock:  Reassure the patient if the patient is conscious.  Place the patient comfortably on his back. Except in cases of injury to the head, chest or abdomen, lower the head slightly and turn to one side. In case of vomiting, place in three-quarter back up position.  Loosen tight clothing but do not remove clothing.  Wrap in light bed sheet or a thin rug.  Never use hot water bottles or very warm rugs. Do not rub any part of the body with anything.  Do not administer anything by mouth especially in cases of injuries to the chest or abdomen, as an operation may be required soon.  If the patient is conscious and there is no injury to the chest or abdomen, give a little water, hot coffee or tea. Never give any alcoholic drinks.  Transport the patient quickly to the hospital. Remember that in shock a delay of even a few minutes may mean death. So attend to the patient as quickly as possible. Page 10 of 339 ETTC/BZA/S.C. Railway