Color Atlas of Surface Anatomy Copyright© K.M. Backhouse, R.T. Hutchings, 1986 Published by Wolfe Medical Publications Ltd, 1986 Printed by Royal Smeets Offset b.v., Weert, Netherlands Designer: Iain Wolfe All rights reserved. The contents of this book, both photographic and textual, may not be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, phototransparency, microfilm, microfiche, or any other means, nor may it be included in any computer retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Backhouse, Kenneth M. A color atlas of surface anatomy. Includes Index. 1. Anatomy, Surgical and topographical—Atlases. I. Hutchings, R.T. II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Anatomy—atlases. QS 17 B 126c] QM531.B25 1986 611’.9 85-26527 ISBN 0-683-00307-0 Color Atlas of Surface Anatomy clinical and applied Kenneth M. Backhouse O.B.E., V.R.D., M.B., B.S., M.R.C.S. Reader Emeritus in Applied Anatomy, University of London. Clinical Anatomist, Institute of Laryngology and Otology and the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London. Lecturer in Anatomy and Orthopaedics, Royal Ballet School, London. Formerly: Reader in Applied Anatomy, Hunterian Professor, Arris and Gale Lecturer and Examiner in Anatomy for Primary F.R.C.S. and F.D.S., Royal College of Surgeons of England. Ralph T. Hutchings Formerly: Chief Medical Laboratory Scientific Officer, Royal College of Surgeons of England. Williams & Wilkins Baltimore Acknowledgements We would like to thank our models for providing the physical substance for this book, and Professor Robert McMinn for kindly allowing us to use some of the subsurface photographs from his ‘Colour Atlas of Human Anatomy’. Contents Preface 8 The Hand 136 The Skin 9 The Skin of the Hand 138 The Appearance of the Skin 10 Hand Functions 144 Deep Attachments of the Skin 11 Development of Grip 153 Stress Lines in Skin 11 Movements of the Digits 154 Hair 13 Movement of the Thumb 158 Surface Contours 15 Relative Values of the Digits 160 Bone and Muscle 16 The Little Finger 163 Insufficiency in Muscles 18 Muscles Controlling the Digits 164 Proportions of the Body 20 Nerves of the Arm and Hand 170 Facial Proportions 22 The Arteries of the Arm and Hand 181 Examination of Bony Points 24 The Veins of the Arm and Hand 184 The Nose 30 The Retinacula and Synovial Sheaths of the Hand 186 Temporomandibular Joint 34 The Back 188 Muscles of Mastication 35 Movements of the Back 192 The Eye 36 The Thoracic Wall 194 The Extraocular Muscles 40 The Breast 196 The External Ear 42 Blood Supply and Lymph Drainage of the Breast 204 Muscles of Facial Expression 44 The Sternal Angle 205 Facial Musculature and Speech 48 The Pleura and Lungs 206 The Cranial Nerves 50 The Heart 212 Blood Vessels of the Face and Head 58 Other Thoracic Structures 216 Axial Vascular Flaps in the Face 61 The Diaphragm 217 The Salivary Glands 62 Control of Respiration 219 The Neck 64 Anterior Abdominal Wall 222 Neck Movement 65 The Inguinal Region 228 Sternomastoid Muscle 66 The External Genitalia 232 The Posterior Triangle 68 Nerves of the Thoracic and Abdominal Walls 235 The Cervical Nerves 70 Blood Vessels of the Thoracic and Abdominal Walls 238 The Larynx 74 Surface Features of the Abdominal Wall 240 Submandibular Region 77 The Viscera 244 Great Vessels of the Neck 78 The Great Vessels of the Abdomen 253 Central Venous Catheterization 82 Bony Landmarks Around the Hip 254 Lymphatics of the Head and Neck 83 Movement at the Hip Joint 256 Shoulder Girdle and Joint 84 Bony Points Around the Knee 258 Muscles Controlling the Shoulder Girdle 90 Movement at the Knee 260 Muscles acting over the Shoulder Girdle and Joint 96 Knee Angulation 262 Muscles acting over the Shoulder Joint 100 Muscles acting over the Hip Joint 264 The Axilla 104 Muscles acting over the Hip and Knee Joint 272 Muscles on the Upper Arm 106 Muscles acting over the Knee Joint 276 Bony Points of the Elbow, Forearm and Wrist 110 Bony Features of the Ankle and Foot 278 Rotation of the Arm 116 Movements of the Ankle and Foot 280 Pronation and Supination 118 Muscles acting over the Knee and Ankle 284 Movement at the Elbow Joint 119 Muscles acting over the Ankle and Foot 286 The Cubital Fossa 120 Retinacula and Synovial Sheaths of the Foot 291 Movements at the Wrist 123 The Nerves of the Leg 292 Muscles on the Front of the Forearm 129 The Arteries of the Leg 298 Tendons on the Front of the Wrist 130 The Veins of the Leg 301 Muscles on the Back of the Forearm 132 Lymphatics of the Leg 303 Index 305 Tendons on the Back of the Wrist 135 FRONTALIS TEMPORALIS PALPEBRAL ORBITAL PARTS OF ORBICULARIS OCULI LEVATOR LABII SUPERIORIS ZYGOMATICUS MINOR ORBICULARIS ORIS ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR DEPRESSOR ANGULI ORIS MASSETER DEPRESSOR LABII INFERIORS & MENTALIS BUCCINATOR STERNOMASTOID STERNAL HEAD TRAPEZIUS STERNOMASTOID CLAVICULAR HEAD-— STERNOHYOID OMOHYOID SCALENUS MEDIUS DELTOID STERNOTHYROID CLAVICULAR HEAD \ OF PECTORALIS STERNOCOSTAL HEAD / MAJOR DELTO PECTORAL GROOVE BICEPS LONG HEAD BICEPS SHORT HEAD WITH LATISSIMUS DORSI CORACOBRACHIALIS SERRATUS ANTERIOR TRICEPS MEDIAL INTERMUSCULAR SEPTUM BRACHIALIS FIBROUS INTERSECTIONS OF RECTUS ABDOMINIS BICEPS TENDON EXTERNAL OBLIQUE OF ABDOMEN - BICIPITAL APONEUROSIS RECTUS ABDOMINIS COVERED BY PRONATOR TERES RECTUS SHEATH BRACHIORADIALIS ANTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINE FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS EXTERNAL OBLIQUE APONEUROSIS PALMARIS LONGUS PYRAMIDALIS FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS INGUINAL LIGAMENT FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS ILIOPSOAS TENSOR FASCIA LATA PUBIS PECTINEUS ABDUCTOR POLLICIS BREVIS FLEXOR POLLICIS BREVIS ADDUCTOR LONGUS THENAR MUSCLES HYPOTHENAR MUSCLES SARTORIUS PALMAR APONEUROSIS GRACILIS PATELLA MEDIAL MENISCUS COVERED BY MEDIAL PATELLAR LIGAMENT • PATELLAR RETINACULUM PERONEUS LONGUS PERONEUS BREVIS TIBIALIS ANTERIOR SUBCUTANEOUS SURFACE OF TIBIA GASTROCNEMIUS EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS SOLEUS PERONEUS TERTIUS EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS -- MEDIAL MALLEOLUS LATERAL MALLEOLUS 6