Conference Speakers and Abstracts Chris Aguilar-Garcia Independent Scholar, USA Chris Aguilar-Garcia worships in the name of Madonna, Prince, and the Holy Spirit (Wendy and Lisa). He fell into fandom upon purchasing Prince's “1999” in 1982 and realised a lifelong dream when hired as a video editor at Paisley Park in 2001. Currently completing a BA at Antioch University-Los Angeles in Liberal Studies and Queer Studies, Chris is a Queer, male-bodied person who also worked as a film producer assistant, Program Manager at an LGBTQ scholarship organization, and currently in a public library. He counts sharing a spin class with Her Madgesty as a religious experience and life high point. New Power, Sexuality and Emancipation: The revolutionary queerness of Prince through a Foucauldian lens. From arriving on the 1980’s music scene in bikini briefs, eyeliner and high heels, singing songs about incest and masturbation, to a fight for emancipation from recording industry contracts, Prince consistently held the power dynamics of sexuality and domination as key to liberation from the binds of what French philosopher and social theorist Michel Foucault termed ‘government of individualization’. Prince demonstrated his full-throttled approach to creating art not only as objects in the form of music, motion pictures, and videos, but as a mindful daily practice of living art and resistance. Prince’s vibrant life force enlivened Foucault’s belief that, “we should not have to refer the creative activity of somebody to the kind of relation he has to himself, but should relate the kind of relation one has to oneself to a creative activity.” For Prince, power also derived from his refusal to conform -- demanding to produce his debut album, creating side projects as additional creative outlets, changing his name to a symbol, and creating a pioneering web- distribution platform. His uncompromised vision revealed a rebel spirit with a lifelong commitment to resistance. “Where there is power, there is resistance,” Foucault explains, “a plurality of resistances... spread over time and space... And it is doubtless the strategic codification of these points of resistance that make a revolution possible.” Through rooting his body of work in sexuality and its pleasures as a means to his own emancipation -- thereby offering his fans a roadmap to discover their own liberation -- the life of Prince provides a clear, direct link to the ethical lives Foucault envisioned. Negative connotations of the expression of sexuality exemplify biopower in action. By consistently resisting this power through a frank and explicit expression of sexuality, Prince realized his life as a revolutionary work of art. " Conference Speakers and Abstracts Zaheer Ali New York University, USA Zaheer Ali is a historian and scholar of 20th century United States and African-American history. He has presented his scholarship on Prince at the EMP Pop Conference (2012) and at Yale University’s “Black Star Rising & the Purple Reign” David Bowie - Prince Conference (2017). He is currently Oral Historian at Brooklyn Historical Society and an adjunct lecturer at New York University, where this spring he is teaching a course titled, “Prince: Sign of the Times,” an examination of Prince’s life and legacy in American history and culture. Slave 2 the System: Prince’s labour activism and the black radical tradition The second presentation recasts Prince’s 1993 conflict with Warner Brothers Records as that of a labour struggle that signalled important shifts in his articulation of his politics in art and life. His decision to write the word ‘slave’ on his face drew widespread attention and derision from critics who felt that his invocation of slavery was not appropriate coming from a multimillionaire popstar. This paper seeks to complicate that view by framing Prince’s protest as a form of labour activism, and considers his protest in context of the long tradition of Black radicalism that invoked slavery to identify and critique racialized capitalism in the United States. Conference Speakers and Abstracts Tom Attah University of Salford, UK Tom Attah is BMus Popular Music Course Leader at Leeds College of Art. His research focuses on the effects of technology on blues music and blues culture. Tom’s teaching and blues advocacy includes workshops, seminars, lectures and recitals delivered internationally. As a guitarist and singer, Tom performs solo, with acoustic duos and as leader of an electric band. Tom’s solo acoustic work includes his own original Blues compositions and has led to performances at international music festivals, including major stages at the Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts. Tom’s media appearances include performances and documentaries for BBC Radio. Tom’s journalistic writing regularly features in specialist music publications, and his original research papers and book reviews are published in internationally peer-reviewed journals. To Make Purple, You Need Blue: Prince as an embodiment of the postmodern Blues aesthetic As part of his ground-breaking work as a stylistic provocateur during the 1980s and 1990s, blues music and blues culture provided a fundamental element of Prince’s composition, production and live performance practice. This paper examines the extent to which Prince employed the blues aesthetic to leverage contrasting notions of black masculinity in addition to opening a space for transgression, catharsis, and the creation of community as part of his on-stage presentation. This paper constructs a continuum of blues music performance including Muddy Waters, B.B. King and Jimi Hendrix, positioning Prince as a performer in full command of the historical qualities that characterised African-American music-making with specific reference to the stylistic gestures particular to blues music and blues culture. Through comparative analysis of live bootlegs with the live recordings of B.B. King and Jimi Hendrix, Prince emerges as the embodiment of the postmodern blues aesthetic in popular music. This paper specifically speaks to Prince as musician; Prince as songwriter; Prince and racial representations with specific reference to sexuality and masculinity; Prince, feminism and gender relations with specific reference to the artist’s presence as an actor in a specific performance style. Conference Speakers and Abstracts Simon Barber Birmingham City University UK Dr Simon Barber researches, writes and lectures about popular music, the music industries, digital culture and jazz. As a Research Fellow in the Birmingham Centre for Media and Cultural Research at Birmingham City University, Simon is particularly interested in songwriting and the relationships between creative workers and industry. He has published in The European Journal of Cultural Studies, The Radio Journal, The Journal on the Art of Record Production and the Jazz Research Journal among others. He has also produced and co-presented over 95 episodes of the popular Sodajerker podcast, which features interviews with some of the most successful songwriters in the world. Paisley Park Is In Your Heart: Contextualising Prince at Celebration 2017 This paper reflects on the ways in which the creative and commercial dimensions of Prince's career are represented and given new meaning through the creation of a museum tour at his private estate and production complex, Paisley Park. Since October 6, 2016, fans have visited suburban Chanhassen, Minneapolis, to explore the creative and personal spaces occupied by Prince and to engage with a range of artefacts and other ephemera associated with his life and career. This research draws on my experience of attending Celebration 2017, a four-day event at Paisley Park designed to celebrate Prince’s legacy on the first anniversary of his death. I use ideas of fandom, heritage, memory and media representation to contextualise the ways in which the artistry and industry of Prince is embodied in the repurposing of his home base for the public. Conference Speakers and Abstracts Dereca Blackmon Stanford University, USA Dereca Blackmon is a lecturer in the Centre for Comparative Studies in Race and Ethnicity at Stanford University as well as Associate Dean and Director of its Diversity and First-Generation Office. She is a nationally respected diversity and inclusion lecturer, facilitator and consultant with 25 years’ experience creating “uncommon conversations” about race, class, gender, sexuality and socioeconomic status. Her work on liberatory education is the subject of two books: Learning to Liberate - by Dr. Vajra Watson and Black Youth Rising by Dr. Shawn Ginwright. Beyond Definition: The liberation theology of Prince This presentation will explore Prince’s expansive ideas of freedom and his challenges to archetypes of Blackness, particularly his genre-busting in the categories of Black music, spirituality and masculinity. As a lyricist, musician, and style icon, Prince’s art dismantled conventional notions of race, gender, religion and sexual freedom, intentionally blurring categories that attempted to contain and classify his self-expression. Prince’s refusal to be identified by musical genre, social identity or even name will be examined in the context of art as a tool for liberatory self-determination. Conference Speakers and Abstracts Scarlett Brown King's College London, UK Scarlett Brown recently completed a PhD at King’s College London. Her thesis examined the discursive effects of the ‘women on boards’ agenda: how the concept of the ‘ideal’ is socially constructed and gendered; how networking practices are influenced by gender; and how gender structures the way that those seeking board roles make sense of success and failure. Prior to this she completed an MSc in Sociology at the LSE and a BSc Sociology at the University of Bristol, focusing her research on young women’s perception of the relationship between feminism, gender and sexuality. If I Was Your Girlfriend: Becoming a woman while listening to Prince This paper explores how gender and sexuality are depicted in Prince’s lyrics, and their discursive implications. Moving beyond attempts to see lyrics as representing inner ‘truth’ of him as an individual, this paper draws on an auto-ethnographic approach and discourse analysis of Prince’s lyrics, and examines how these lyrics are consumed. In doing so it explores the – at times, problematic - contradiction in Prince’s portrayal of women: they are simultaneously presented as being highly sexual(ised) objects, while also frequently adopting humanised, depictions of women as active and assertive sexual agents. The paper also examines how Prince’s representation of (his own) masculinity, while also being hyper- sexualised and heterosexual adopts discourses of vulnerability, passivity and submissiveness. His lyrics also centralise female sexuality and frequently prioritise mutual pleasure. It highlights therefore how Prince’s use of gendered and sexualised discourse, unusually, challenges hetero-patriarchal representations of gender and sexuality while remaining distinctly and persistently heterosexual. By reflecting on my own consumption and rediscovery of Prince’s music at a young age, as a teenager and again as a young woman, I argue that Prince’s music provided a profoundly feminist model for making sense of my own sexuality. I also discuss – through reference to conversations with my Father – how our shared analysis of Prince and his lyrics along these lines also provided an unlikely framework for the relationship between a parent and child; a safe space within which to discuss sexuality, and a feminist model of gender and sexuality for a father to pass on to his daughter. This paper contributes both to an understanding of Prince as a, perhaps unlikely, feminist icon for a young woman, while seeking to contribute to our understanding of the discursive effects of lyrics on the individual, and as a potential framework for an approach to making sense of our own gender and sexuality. Conference Speakers and Abstracts Susan Campion Independent Scholar, USA Susan is an entrepreneur, educator, and cultural producer focusing on improving business and entrepreneurship, and the intersection of artists, businesses, and communities. Susan is adjunct faculty at the University of St. Thomas, where she has taught in the MBA, undergraduate, and executive education programs. She is also adjunct faculty at the University of Minnesota, where she co-created the “Creative Entrepreneurship and Resource Development” course in the Professional Arts and Culture Leadership graduate programme. Susan is also the co-founder and CEO of Giant Steps, which links path-forgers from the entrepreneurial and artistic communities in Minnesota and around the world. She and her team have created a community for exchanging ideas and experiences; fostering “unlikely” collaborations; and constructively blurring the boundaries between business and art. Since its start in 2010, Giant Steps has succeeded in linking 1200 participants, and 250 speakers living in 13 countries. In 2016, Giant Steps examined the impact of Prince on artists and entrepreneurs. It Ain’t About No Downtown, Nowhere-Bound, Narrow-Minded Drag: Prince’s impact on the creative eco- system of Minneapolis Prince and Minneapolis are forever linked. Ask anyone outside of Minnesota about Minneapolis and likely, the first thing they will say is “Prince!”. This session will look at the web of influence, opportunities, and inspiration Prince created in Minneapolis. It will highlight a unique example of how one artist can facilitate and transform the creative eco-system of a city and what other artists can learn from it. By looking beyond his immense catalog and the stirring performances Prince leaves behind, I’ll demonstrate the depth of his local legacy and his unabashed commitment to creativity in his hometown. I will examine Prince’s impact as a creative entrepreneur and as a catalyst for other creative entrepreneurs, as a philanthropist, as a cultural influencer, and as an inspiration and mentor for individual creatives in Minneapolis. Specifically, I will be looking at primary source interviews and discussions with people who worked for Prince, collaborated with him, or were influenced by him. I will also use local and national media and interviews with Prince, as well as mapping the network of Minneapolis artists and organizations resulting from and influenced by the ripple effects of Prince. By understanding the unique relationship between Prince and Minneapolis, we can better understand additional layers of his impact globally and the potential of all artists to influence their environments. I’ll look at not just the number and types of local businesses and artists affected by Prince’s work in Minneapolis; but I’ll also examine the lessons for other artists and creative entrepreneurs from the intangibles that were essential to Prince’s story and success: authenticity and resilience, networks and collaboration, generosity and self-preservation, innovation and self-motivation. These intangibles are inextricably linked to Prince’s life in Minneapolis. And Minneapolis both supported and benefited from the success of her son, Prince. Conference Speakers and Abstracts Alex Case University of Massachusetts, USA Alex U. Case, Associate Professor, Sound Recording Technology, University of Massachusetts, focuses his research on aesthetics, perception, signal processing, electro-acoustics and room acoustics for the creation and enjoyment of sound recordings. He has authored two books for Focal Press, and four courses at Lynda.com, codifying effective signal processing practice in sound recording. A Fellow of both the Acoustical Society of America, and the Audio Engineering Society – of which he is currently President – Case has presented 100+ papers and tutorials. His blog, Recordingology.com: The Study of Recording, offers guidance and audio references illustrating all aspects of recording and mixing. Prince Shifting: Transformations of character through performance with vocal pitch shifting The artist with a vast vocal range did not allow himself to be limited by his own physical reach, from lowest to highest notes. By leveraging the pitch processing technologies available to him in the studio, Prince stretched his voice into new domains. Where other artists have used pitch shifting to fix sour notes or to mask poor singing ability, Prince augmented his vocal prowess. He transformed his delivery, and variously morphed himself into machines, children, women, and inventive characterizations of men. Pitch-shifted harmonies allowed him to fit ever more elaborate vocal arrangements into richly complex multitrack creations. Where others saw novelty – robots and chipmunks – he saw possibility, creating and featuring compelling new characters. Through pitch shifting, he could inhabit intriguing personas and take his songwriting to new places. Set in historical context, we compare his pitch shifting to that of other artists. The unique approach of Prince is demonstrated, and celebrated. Conference Speakers and Abstracts Natalie Clifford Independent Scholar, USA Natalie Clifford earned her bachelor’s degree from University of Minnesota – Twin Cities in gender, women, and sexuality studies, minoring in comparative U.S. race and ethnicity, African-American and African studies, and global studies. Since graduating in 2012, she has served as a youth worker and educator in various fields such as college access, mentoring, and theatre. Ms. Clifford currently works as a sexual violence prevention education coordinator at the Rape Crisis Center of Central New Mexico in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. Her main responsibility in this role is to facilitate workshops on LGBTQ+ identities, masculinity, consent, healthy relationships, rape culture, and teen dating violence with middle and high school aged youth. Ms. Clifford is passionate about critical education as a means through which to challenge injustice and social norms. She is also an outspoken advocate for immigrant and racial justice. Prince has provided inspiration for Ms. Clifford in guiding young people to develop strong understandings of themselves beyond society’s limited expectations. Prince’s legacy of social justice also motivates Ms. Clifford in her daily work. Re-Imagining Masculinity: Prince's impact on millennial attitudes regarding gender expression In my work critically discussing masculinity with young men, I have witnessed the effects of Prince’s boundary- breaking, non-conforming gender expression. Prince’s refusal to limit himself to traditional, constructed understandings of masculinity has left an enormous impact upon current and future generations regarding what has become more socially acceptable. The social construction of masculinity trains men from a young age to enact violence upon other men who display gender non-conformity, vulnerability, or qualities traditionally associated with the identity of “woman.” In defiance of the social constructions of gender and race, Prince chose to not only embrace femininity in his own gender expression, but also simultaneously express his sexual attraction to women. Prince brought these seemingly contradictory traits together in his confident androgyny. He ignored the normalization of the gender binary in regards to gender expression and performance. In my paper, I will examine the ways in which attitudes held by young people reflect Prince’s legacy as an artist who challenged norms around gender expression and masculinity. Surveys conducted in recent years indicate that the majority of millenials believe that gender falls on a spectrum, and is not binary (Jorge Rivas, “Half of Young People Believe Gender Isn’t Limited to Male and Female,” Fusion, February 5, 2015, accessed January 14, 2017, http://fusion.net/story/42216/half-of-young-people-believe-gender-isnt-limited-to-male- and-female/). Therefore, I will argue that over the course of his career, Prince’s risk-taking in his gender expression created space for youth to find freedom in exploring expressions of gender non-conformity, and ultimately re- inventing possibilities within masculinity. I will utilize both qualitative and quantitative analysis while investigating this topic. Specifically, I will analyze Prince’s gender expression and performance throughout his career as an artist, in addition to concrete data regarding millenial opinions on gender expression. This exploration of Prince’s legacy on cultural understandings of gender expression and masculinity is valuable to professionals in the fields of education and youth work, and academics within gender, women, and sexuality studies. Conference Speakers and Abstracts Sam Coley Brimingham City University, UK Sam Coley is Associate Professor of Radio at Birmingham City University, where he teaches radio documentary production. He is an award winning freelance radio documentary producer and has been a Grand Jury member of the New York Radio Festival for the past five years. Coley has written about his documentary work and investigations in fandom in Radio and Society (2012) and The Music Documentary: Acid Rock To Electropop (2013). He is currently completing a practice-based PhD in music documentary production, which interrogates his work as a producer of David Bowie related documentaries for commercial radio. Adore: Online Prince Fandom and 'Purple Tears' In August 2013 Prince posted his first tweet with the words "hi im prince" accompanied by a picture of himself from the Eighties. According to Gibsone (2013), he had finally embraced the digital era. Yet Prince’s relationship with social media and online technologies has famously been a fractious one, gaining him a reputation for being an “artist not to f–k with” (Resnikoff, 2016). This paper explores the relationship between Prince and online fan activity and considers how this community responded to his untimely death. Although Prince was known to take a combative stance against some of his own fan clubs, he could also be generous; retweeting content that caught his imagination and answering fans questions. In 2010 he met with the hosts of the Peach and Black fan podcast, thereby endorsing its legitimacy and revealing an appreciation for independent fan productions. Following Prince’s death, some Youtube vlogger fans chose to stop posting altogether, out of respect and grief – while others, seemingly emboldened by his passing, began to post hundreds of hours of concert footage, videos and personal Prince related vlogs. I draw on Jenkins’ (1992) and Lewis’ (1992) investigations into fandom as a cultural activity as well as my own practice-based research as a radio documentary producer. In 2011 I made a documentary for Xfm to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Parade album and used Prince chat-rooms and message boards as a means of gaining insight and feedback. In this paper, I return to these forums to consider their responses to Prince’s death and assess his fans amateur productions as a means of processing grief.