Steps to Configuring a Router 1. Create a diagram of your scenario. 2. Create an IP plan as per your diagram. I Want to Chapter Page a. Subnetting PPP on my serial interface—enable 16 164 b. VLSM PPP optional authentication—configure 16 165 2. Cable your equipment as per your diagram. 3. Establish a basic router configuration. PPPoE and DSL connections 16 170 a. Host names Reset my router to factory defaults 11 107 b. Passwords: (follow company policy about encryption) Reset my switch to factory defaults 6 44 i. Secret Route summarization review 3 25 ii. Console iii. Terminal—vty Router-on-a-stick for inter-VLAN communication—configure 8 64 iv. Auxiliary Save my running-configuration locally 11 106 c. Turn off DNS so spelling mistakes will not slow you down Save my running-configuration to a TFTP server 26 244 RouterName(config)# no ip domain-lookup Secure Copy—using it to transfer config files and IOS images to a remote 26 248 d. Banners: login or MOTD device 4. Configure your interfaces. Set my console so that new informational messages do not interrupt my typing 11 106 a. Addresses and masks: IPv4/IPv6 Single-area OSPF—configure and troubleshoot 15 140 b. Clock rates (for serial DCE interfaces) c. Descriptions Spanning-tree configuration verification 9 79 5. Create IP host name tables for remote access. Spelling mistakes are slowing me down. What can I do? 11 105 6. Configure IPv4 routing. SSH—configure SSH to replace Telnet 25 238 a. Static Standard ACL—create and apply 24 221 b. Default c. Dynamic—Pick the routing protocol that best suits your needs: Static route with IPv4 12 111 i. OSPF Static route with IPv6 12 116 ii. EIGRP Subnetting review 1 1 7. Configure IPv6 routing. SVIs for inter-VLAN communication on an L3 switch 8 65 a. Static b. Default Switch configuration 6 43 c. Dynamic—Pick the routing protocol that best suits your needs: syslog messages—what do they mean? 30 274 i. OSPF Telnet into two different devices at the same time 29 264 ii. EIGRP Upgrade my IOS using a TFTP server 26 244 8. Configure ACLs. a. Standard USB cable to console into my router 4 31 b. Extended Use a straight-through cable instead of a crossover cable to connect two 6 46 c. Named switches 9. Change the WAN encapsulation type. VLANs—create on my switch 7 51 a. PPP (authentication: CHAP) VLANs—delete on my switch 7 56 b. HDLC (if returning to default) VLSM review 2 15 10. Apply advanced IP configuration topics. a. NAT/PAT Write down my own commands B 305 b. DHCP 11. Save your configuration. a. Local b. Remote 9781587205880_Empson_CCNA_RS_Portable_Command_Guide_Cover.indd 2 4/25/16 4:37 PM CCNA Routing and Switching Portable Command Guide Fourth Edition All the ICND1 (100-105), ICND2 (200-105), and CCNA (200-125) commands in one compact, portable resource Scott Empson 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA CCNA Routing and Switching Portable Command Guide Publisher Mark Taub Scott Empson Business Operation Copyright© 2016 Cisco Systems, Inc. Manager, Cisco Press Published by: Jan Cornelssen Cisco Press Executive Editor 800 East 96th Street Mary Beth Ray Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any Managing Editor form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, record- Sandra Schroeder ing, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permis- Senior Development sion from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Editor Printed in the United States of America Christopher Cleveland Second Printing November 2016 Senior Project Editor Library of Congress Control Number: 2016935767 Tonya Simpson ISBN-13: 978-1-58720-588-0 Copy Editor ISBN-10: 1-58720-588-2 Gill Editorial Services Technical Editor Warning and Disclaimer Brian D’Andrea This book is designed to provide information about the Cisco Certifi ed Network Editorial Assistant Associate (CCNA) Routing and Switching composite exam (200-125). Every Vanessa Evans effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fi tness is implied. Cover Designer The information is provided on an “as is” basis. The authors, Cisco Press, and Mark Shirar Cisco Systems, Inc. shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or Composition entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained Trina Wurst in this book or from the use of the discs or programs that may accompany it. Indexer The opinions expressed in this book belong to the author and are not necessar- WordWise Publishing ily those of Cisco Systems, Inc. Services Trademark Acknowledgments Proofreader Language Logistics All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Cisco Press or Cisco Systems, Inc., cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Special Sales For information about buying this title in bulk quantities, or for special sales opportunities (which may include electronic versions; custom cover designs; and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, or branding interests), please contact our corporate sales department at [email protected] or (800) 382-3419. For government sales inquiries, please contact [email protected]. For questions about sales outside the U.S., please contact [email protected]. Feedback Information At Cisco Press, our goal is to create in-depth technical books of the highest quality and value. Each book is crafted with care and precision, undergoing rigorous development that involves the unique expertise of members from the professional technical community. Readers’ feedback is a natural continuation of this process. If you have any com- ments regarding how we could improve the quality of this book, or otherwise alter it to better suit your needs, you can contact us through email at feedback@ciscopress. com. Please make sure to include the book title and ISBN in your message. We greatly appreciate your assistance. iii Contents at a Glance Introduction xxii Part I Network Fundamentals CHAPTER 1 How to Subnet 1 CHAPTER 2 VLSM 15 CHAPTER 3 Route Summarization 25 CHAPTER 4 Cables and Connections 31 CHAPTER 5 The Command-Line Interface 37 Part II LAN Switching Technologies CHAPTER 6 Confi guring a Switch 43 CHAPTER 7 VLANs 51 CHAPTER 8 VLAN Trunking Protocol and Inter-VLAN Communication 61 CHAPTER 9 Spanning Tree Protocol 75 CHAPTER 10 EtherChannel 89 Part III Routing Technologies: IPv4 and IPv6 CHAPTER 11 Confi guring a Cisco Router 97 CHAPTER 12 Static Routing 111 CHAPTER 13 RIP Next Generation (RIPng) 119 CHAPTER 14 EIGRP and EIGRPv6 125 CHAPTER 15 OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 139 Part IV WAN Technologies CHAPTER 16 Understanding Point-to-Point Protocols 163 CHAPTER 17 External Border Gateway Protocol (eBGP) 177 CHAPTER 18 Confi guring Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Tunnels 183 CHAPTER 19 Quality of Service (QoS) 185 Part V Infrastructure Services CHAPTER 20 DHCP 193 CHAPTER 21 First Hop Redundancy Protocols (FHRP): Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) 199 CHAPTER 22 Network Address Translation (NAT) 205 Part VI Infrastructure Security CHAPTER 23 Switch Port Security 213 CHAPTER 24 Managing Traffi c Using Access Control Lists (ACL) 219 CHAPTER 25 Device Hardening 235 Part VII Infrastructure Management CHAPTER 26 Backing Up and Restoring Cisco IOS Software and Confi gurations 241 CHAPTER 27 Password Recovery Procedures and the Confi guration Register 251 CHAPTER 28 Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) and Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) 259 CHAPTER 29 IOS Tools 263 CHAPTER 30 Device Monitoring 269 CHAPTER 31 Cisco IOS Licensing 285 CHAPTER 32 Basic Troubleshooting 291 CHAPTER 33 RIP 297 Part VIII Appendixes APPENDIX A Binary/Hex/Decimal Conversion Chart 303 APPENDIX B Create Your Own Journal Here 311 INDEX 319 Contents v Contents Introduction xxii Part I Network Fundamentals CHAPTER 1 How to Subnet 1 Class A–E Addresses 1 Converting Between Decimal Numbers and Binary 2 Subnetting a Class C Network Using Binary 2 Subnetting a Class B Network Using Binary 5 Binary ANDing 9 So Why AND? 10 Shortcuts in Binary ANDing 11 The Enhanced Bob Maneuver for Subnetting (or How to Subnet Anything in Under a Minute) 12 CHAPTER 2 VLSM 15 IP Subnet Zero 15 VLSM Example 16 Step 1: Determine How Many H Bits Will Be Needed to Satisfy the Largest Network 16 Step 2: Pick a Subnet for the Largest Network to Use 17 Step 3: Pick the Next Largest Network to Work With 18 Step 4: Pick the Third Largest Network to Work With 20 Step 5: Determine Network Numbers for Serial Links 21 CHAPTER 3 Route Summarization 25 Example for Understanding Route Summarization 25 Step 1: Summarize Winnipeg’s Routes 26 Step 2: Summarize Calgary’s Routes 27 Step 3: Summarize Edmonton’s Routes 27 Step 4: Summarize Vancouver’s Routes 28 Route Summarization and Route Flapping 30 Requirements for Route Summarization 30 CHAPTER 4 Cables and Connections 31 Connecting a Rollover Cable to Your Router or Switch 31 Using a USB Cable to Connect to Your Router or Switch 31 Terminal Settings 32 LAN Connections 33 Serial Cable Types 33 Which Cable to Use? 35 568A Versus 568B Cables 35 vi CCNA Routing and Switching Portable Command Guide CHAPTER 5 The Command-Line Interface 37 Shortcuts for Entering Commands 37 Using the Key to Complete Commands 37 Console Error Messages 38 Using the Question Mark for Help 38 enable Command 39 exit Command 39 disable Command 39 logout Command 39 Setup Mode 39 Keyboard Help 40 History Commands 41 terminal Commands 41 show Commands 41 Using the Pipe Parameter (|) with the show Command 42 Part II LAN Switching Technologies CHAPTER 6 Confi guring a Switch 43 Help Commands 43 Command Modes 44 Verifying Commands 44 Resetting Switch Configuration 44 Setting Host Names 45 Setting Passwords 45 Setting IP Addresses and Default Gateways 45 Setting Interface Descriptions 46 The mdix auto Command 46 Setting Duplex Operation 47 Setting Operation Speed 47 Managing the MAC Address Table 47 Configuration Example 48 CHAPTER 7 VLANs 51 Creating Static VLANs 51 Using VLAN Configuration Mode 52 Using VLAN Database Mode 52 Assigning Ports to VLANs 53 Using the range Command 53 Configuring a Voice VLAN 53 Configuring Voice and Data with Trust 54 Configuring Voice and Data Without Trust 54 Contents vii Verifying VLAN Information 55 Saving VLAN Configurations 56 Erasing VLAN Configurations 56 Configuration Example: VLANs 57 2960 Switch 58 CHAPTER 8 VLAN Trunking Protocol and Inter-VLAN Communication 61 Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) 61 Setting the VLAN Encapsulation Type 62 VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) 63 Verifying VTP 64 Inter-VLAN Communication Using an External Router: Router-on-a-Stick 64 Inter-VLAN Communication on a Multilayer Switch Through a Switch Virtual Interface 65 Remove L2 Switchport Capability of an Interface on an L3 Switch 65 Configuring Inter-VLAN Communication on an L3 Switch 65 Inter-VLAN Communication Tips 66 Configuration Example: Inter-VLAN Communication 66 ISP Router 67 CORP Router 68 L2Switch2 (Catalyst 2960) 70 L3Switch1 (Catalyst 3560) 72 L2Switch1 (Catalyst 2960) 73 CHAPTER 9 Spanning Tree Protocol 75 Spanning Tree Protocol Definition 75 Enabling Spanning Tree Protocol 76 Configuring the Root Switch 76 Configuring a Secondary Root Switch 77 Configuring Port Priority 77 Configuring the Path Cost 78 Configuring the Switch Priority of a VLAN 78 Configuring STP Timers 78 Verifying STP 79 Cisco STP Toolkit 79 PortFast 79 BPDU Guard 80 Changing the Spanning-Tree Mode 80 viii CCNA Routing and Switching Portable Command Guide Extended System ID 81 Enabling Rapid Spanning Tree 81 Troubleshooting Spanning Tree 82 Configuration Example: PVST+ 82 Core Switch (3560) 83 Distribution 1 Switch (3560) 83 Distribution 2 Switch (3560) 84 Access 1 Switch (2960) 84 Access 2 Switch (2960) 85 Spanning-Tree Migration Example: PVST+ to Rapid-PVST+ 86 Access 1 Switch (2960) 86 Access 2 Switch (2960) 86 Distribution 1 Switch (3560) 87 Distribution 2 Switch (3560) 87 Core Switch (3560) 87 CHAPTER 10 EtherChannel 89 EtherChannel 89 Interface Modes in EtherChannel 89 Guidelines for Configuring EtherChannel 90 Configuring Layer 2 EtherChannel 90 Configuring L3 EtherChannel 91 Verifying EtherChannel 92 Configuration Example: EtherChannel 92 DLSwitch (3560) 93 ALSwitch1 (2960) 94 ALSwitch2 (2960) 95 Part III Routing Technologies: IPv4 and IPv6 CHAPTER 11 Confi guring a Cisco Router 97 Router Modes 98 Entering Global Configuration Mode 98 Configuring a Router Name 98 Configuring Passwords 98 Password Encryption 99 Interface Names 99 Moving Between Interfaces 102 Configuring a Serial Interface 103