) ) ) Canadian Technical Report of ) ) ) Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1998 ) ) ) 1994 ) BIOLOGICAL SAMPLING MANUAL FOR SALMONIDS- A STANDARDIZED APPROACH FOR THE PACIFIC REGION by William Shaw Biological Sciences Branch Department of Fisheries and Oceans Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo, British Columbia V9R 5K6 (1 0 0 a - ii - Cl f1 Cl (] (J Cl ( (1 C1 C'I C1 ( C C C C ( L ("" C C (' { c c a r.: c c c c C L C (c) Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1994 Cat. No. Fs 97-61J998E ISSN 0706-6457 ( L .. Correct citation for this publication: { Shaw, W. 1994. Biological Sampling Manual For Salmon ids - A Standardized Approach For The Pacific C Region. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1998: xiii + 167 p. ( , ) ) ) - iii - ) ) ) , TABLE OF CONTENTS I ) Page ) LIST OF I'IGLJIU:S ....... ... .... . . .. ........ . . ..... . . ... ... .. .. ... .. ... vii ) ) LIST OF COLOUR PLATES .. . . ... . . . .. ... . .... .. . ..... .... ........... . .. ) l( ) LIST OF APPENDICES .. ... .. ... .. .. . ............. . . ... . ..... .. . .. . .. .. XI ABSTRACT .......... . ......... •.•. .. ... .• ..... . . ..... . ...•... .. .. . . " xii FORWARD . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . • . . . • . • . . . . . . .. xiii INTRODUCTION .... ......... . . ... ... .... . ....... . . . . . . ........... .. . . CHAPTER 1 - ADULT SPECIES IDENTIFICATION .... ............. ........ .. KEY ........ . ...... . .. .... . . .. . . .. .... . .. ... . . ... .•. .... .. . . .. .. .j STEELHEAD TROUT . ..... .. . ........... ..... .. .. . .•........ . ...... 8 ATLA TIC SALMO ....... ... • . • . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9 SOCKEYE SALMO ....... .... •.• .•.•.• ..... .. ..... . .• . ....... .. . .. 10 CHUM SALMO ... . ..........• . •.•.•.•. ... ... ..... ..• ............ . II CHINOOK SALMON .............. .. . .. ........ .. ...... . ... . .. .... .. 12 , COHO SALMON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 I PI K SALMON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ) CHAPTER 2 - SAMPLING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . .. S4 , ) , CAPTURE EVENT AT IRlBUTES ... . . . ......... . . . .... ..... . ..... ... 55 ) VESSEL ... . . ... .. . ....... . .. •.•...... ....... . .. •.. . . .. . ... . 55 I ) LATITUDE . .. .. .... .......... . .. . ..... . .. •... . . ..... .... •. . 55 I ) LONGITUDE ... . . .. ... . . ..... . ....... .. .. . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . .. SS I ) GEOGRAPHIC CAPTURE AREA . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 I ) CATCH REGION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 I ) STATISTICAL AREA ......... .... . . . . .. . .... ........... . 56 SUB-AREA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 ) GEAR . . ... ......... . . . .. .. ..... . ....... .. .• ... ......... . .. 56 SET NUMBER .. ............ .... ... .. . . ... .. ... _ ..... .. ... . " 57 , DATE OF CAPTURE .. . . . . .. ... ... ..... .. .... .•.... ... . . .•.•. . 57 ( STATISTICAL WEEK LANDED ("PERIOD CODE") ...... • . . .... • . • .. . . 57 I ) RABCODE .... ... .. .. ........... ...... .. ....•.... ..•.•.•. ... 57 I ) SITE CODE . ...... ...... .......• . .. . . . .. .. . ..... ...•.•.. .... 59 ( ) I ) SAMPLING EVENT AT IRlBUTES . ... .... .. ........ . .. . ..... .. ... .. . 60 ( ) NAME OF SAMPLER ... .... . ... . . . .. ........ .... . ........... .. 60 ( ) AGENCY ...... .. . ... . . .. . . .. .. . ......... .... ... . . .......... 60 ( ) VESSEL-TRUCK-PACKER (VTP) ....... .. .. .. . . . .. .. . . . . . . ....... 60 SAMPLI G LOCATION . ... .. .. ... . ..... .. .. .. . • .. ...... • . .... . 60 , ( TABLE OF CONTENTS ( ) ( I ( I n ( { Q - iv - ( Page (l DATE SAMPLED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 SAMPLE TYPE ....................... ..... . .. . .. . . . . . .. .. ... 61 ( { BIOLOGICAL EVENT ATTRIBUTES .......... . ..... .. . . .... ..... . ... 62 { SPECIES ........................ . ... . .... ...... ...... . ..... 62 (" FISH NUMBER ................. . . . . . . .. • . ... . ..... ... .... . . . 62 r LENGTH ........................ . . . ... •. .... .. .... .. ...... . 62 { LENGTH CODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62 (" FORK LENGTH ................. .. • . .. ....... . ....... . . 63 { POST-ORBITAL HYPURAL LENGTH . .. • . ............... . ... 63 (" TOTAL LENGTH ................ . .• .......... . . .. . .. . .. 63 (' STANDARD LENGTH .......... . . •. • . • ...... . . ... ...... . 63 ( POST-ORBITAL FORK LENGTH ... . . . . . ............ .. ... . .. 63 ( MID-EYE HYPURAL LENGTH .... • . ... ................ .. . . 65 C MID-EYE FORK LENGTH ........... _ . ..... . ..... .. . . . . . . . 65 SEX ................................ . _ .. .. . . .. . ..... . ... .. _ 65 C MATURITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 ( SCALE BOOK NUMBER ................ ... ........... . .... . . .. 66 ( SCALE NUMBER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 ( SCALE SELECTION, REMOVAL AND MOUNTrNG PROCEDURE ... . .. . _. 69 ( FIN RAY REMOVAL ....................... ....... .... .. . . . _ .. 75 ( DORSAL FIN REMOVAL ............ .... .. .. .. . . _ . _ . _ . . _. 75 ( PECTORAL FIN REMOVAL .......... • . . ... . ..... _ . _ . _ . . _. 76 ( STORING THE FINS .......... . ... • . •...... . . . .... . . _ • .. , 76 ( FIN RAY BOX NUMBER ........... . _ . ..... ...... _ . . .. .... 76 (" FIN RAY NUMBER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 C OTOLITH REMOVAL . .. . . . . ... . . . . .. .. .• . ..... . ...... _ . _ . _ . . .. 78 OTOLITH BOX NUMBER ... . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . 78 ( r OTOLITH NUMBER ... . ... .... ... •... . . . . . . . • . • . . . • . • . . . 78 AGE RESULTS . . ...... . .. ... . .. ... . .. . . .. .. . . . . . •. . . •... .... 80 ( BODY WEIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . .. 80 ~ ROUND/DRESS (RD/DRS) . ... . .... .. . ... . . . .... .. . .. _ ... . . . .... 80 l GRADE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. RU ( GONAD WEIGHT . .... . . .. .. ... .. _ .. . ..... .. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 80 l FECUNDITY ESTIMATE TYPE . _ . .. . . .. ...... .. _ . . . .......... .. _ 8 \ ( FECUNDITY ESTIMATE . . .. _ .. . .. .. . ..... ...... . ........... . . _ 81 ( TOTAL COUNTS .. . . .. . . . .... ....... . •............ . . . . . 81 f VOLUMETRIC SUBSAMPLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 l GRAVIMETRIC SUBSAMPLE . _ . . ..... .... . ...... . ........ . 82 EGG RETENTION . .... _ . _________ ..... . . _ . _ . ....... .. _ . . . . . . . 82 L CARCASS CO DITION . . . . .... _ .. . . . ... .. . . _ . ..... .. .. _ . _ . . . .. 82 L FLESH COLOUR ..... . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. ..... . ..... . . .. .. _ . .. 83 l SKIN COLOUR __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 l EXTERNAL TAGS .... .. . . . ...... . . • . . .. .. .. . ... . ... . . ... .. . .. 83 l. GE ETIC SAMPLI G .. ..... .. . .. . . . .. . .. .. ...... . . ....... . . .. 83 l TISSUE SAMPLING .. _ . _ ... . ..... .. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 84 l BLOOD SAMPLING .... _ . . . . ..... .. .. .... . .. _ . _ . . . . . . . . . 84 ( STORAGE OF SAMPLES _ . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 (. ( TABLE OF CONTENTS (. l l ) ) ) ) - v - ) Page ) STOMACH SAMPLE ............... ............. .............. 85 ) STOMACH VOLUME .......... .. ............ .. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 86 ) PARASITES ____ . .. _ .. . ............. . .... . .. . . ... ....... . ... . 86 ) HOOK LOCATIO ........ . . ......... . .. .. _ . _ .... ............. 87 ) EXTERNAL DAMAGE ..... ........ ... ... .. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 88 ) DISEASE TYPE ......... ... .. .... .. ........ _ . ........... .. __ . 88 EXTERNAL SURFACE . .. . ...... ........ .......... .. _ . __ . 88 I TER AL ORGANS ... .. .. ............ .. .... . ... .. _ . . .. 88 ) DISEASE PRESERVATION ................ ... . ... .. . . ........... 89 ) COMME TS ______ ........ .. ... ...... . .......... . ....... . ... 89 ) CHAPTER 3 - MARK RECOVERY PROGRAM ..... .. ......... . . . . . . . . . . . .. 90 ADIPOSE MARK SAMPLING . ......... ... _. _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 90 ADIPOSE FI PROCESSING.......... .... ............. . ........ . ... 90 LOCATION CODE .............. ... .......... ..... . ... .... . _ .. 90 STATISTICAL WEEK ... _ ......... ... _ . . .. . ........ ......... _ .. 91 NAME OF SAMPLER ............ .. . .. . _ . . ....... ........ ..... . 91 VESSEL ... . . .. . ........ ..... .... . _ .. . . ..•.... . . .. . . .... ... . 91 HEAD CODE . . ............... _ ... .. . ... ....... ...... ........ 91 HEAD NUMBER ... ...... ..... .... . ...•. .... .. .. .... _ . _ •.... _ 91 CODED WIRE TAG (CWT) CODE ... .......... ... . ..... . . . _ ..... _ 92 WElGHT .... . .. . .............. . ...•... •... . ..... .... _ . . . . .. 9~ ROUNDfDRESS . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . .. 9~ LENGTH .. ___ .. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . .. 92 LENGTH CODE ....• . ... . .. . ... ... . ... . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 92 SPECIES ....... .. . . •. . .. ... . . ...... _ .... ..... . _ . . . . . . . . . . .. 92 FLESH COLOUR .... . •. ... ... .. ...... . .. . ...... ... _ -. . . . . . . .. 92 GRADE ___ .. __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93 . SEX MATURITY . ..... ..... .. .... . . . . . ... ... .... . . . . . .. . ..... 93 ) CODED FIN MARK ... ...... .. _ . _ . _ . ........... _ .......... __ . . 93 SCALE BOOK NUMBER ....... .. _ .. . . ....................... _ .. 93 SCALE NUMBER ... . ...... .. . __ .. ... .......... _ .. ....... .. __ . 93 VESSEL-TRUCK-PACKER (VTP) ..... . .... ..... .... ......... . __ _ . 94 GEOGRAPHIC CAPTURE AREA .....•. . . .... . .... •........... __ .. 94 CATCH REGION . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . • . . .. 94 STATISTICAL AREA .. ... . ........ . .............. .... . .. 94 SUB-AREA ....... .. _ . _ ........... .. _ ........... .. ..... 94 GEAR .... ...... ...... .... . .. .. . _ .. .. .... . .... .... ......... 94 ADIPOSE MARK SAMPLE SIZES . ............ . ... _ ... ..... _ .. . ... 94 DATE SAMPLED ........... . . ..... . _ ......... _ ......... .. ... . 95 STATISTICAL WEEK LANDED ("PERIOD CODE") . ..... . ............. 95 COMME TS .... . ............ . .... ........ . ..... _ . ....... . . , 95 MULTIPLE FIN CLIP SAMPLING .. ... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 96 MUL TIPLE FIN CLIP PROCESSING ....... .. _. _. . ..... ..... ..... ..... 96 LOCATIO CODE ...... .... .... ............ ... ... . _ . . . . . . . . .. 96 SPECIES ...................... .. . .... . . . . ..... _ . _ ..... . . ... 96 STATISTICAL WEEK SAMPLED ("PERIOD CODE") . . ....... .. . ..... .. 96 TABLE OF CONTENTS r - vi - Page NAME OF SAMPLER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 VESSEL .. . . . .... ... . .. .. . ........ . . .. .. . ...... . ... .. ..... . . 96 CODED FIN MARK ......... . ........ . ..... . .... . ... . ; . . . . . . .. 97 VENTRAL REGENERATION . ..... .. .. . ... .. . .......... . .. . ..... 97 • WEIGHT . . .......... . ... .... .... ......... . ......... . . . .. ... 98 ROUNDfDRESS ...•..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 98 LENGTH . .. . ............ .... . ...... . ................ . .. . ... 98 r LENGTH CODE . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 f' SEX MATURITY ....... . .. . . . ...... . . . .. . . ...... . . .... ..... . . 98 SKIN COLOUR .... . . .. . ...... . . . •.. ...... .... . ........ . ..... 98 c SCALE BOOK UMBER ...... ... .. ... .... . ...... . ... .. . .... . .. 98 r SCALE UMBER .... .. ... . . ........ . .... .. . . . .. . . .... ..... . .. 98 VESSEL· TRUCK· PACKER (VTP) . .. .. . . .......... .. ... . .... .. . . . . 99 GEOGRAPHIC CAPTURE AREA ... .. . . . . . . . . . •.. . ...... . . . . . . .. .. 99 CATCH REGION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 c STATISTICAL AREA . . .... .. .. • . . .. . .. . ... .. . . ...•.... . . 99 SUB·AREA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . .. 99 ( GEAR . . .. . . . . .. .. .... . . ...... . .... . .. ......... .... . •.• ... . 99 SAMPLE SIZE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . . . .. 99 MULTIPLE FIN CLIP (MFC) SAMPLE TYPE ...... . .... ..•.•.•. . .. .. 99 ( DATE SAMPLED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . • . • . . . .. 100 STATISTICAL WEEK LANDED ("PERIOD CODEn) .. ..... . . •. ....... . 100 COMMERCIAL SAMPLE FORM (CSF) REFERENCES . .. .... • .. . ...... 100 ( DorC ........ .. ..... .. ....... . .. . ............ . . .. .. 100 ( FIRST HEAD NUMBER. . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100 ( UMIlER ADIPOSE IIEADS ... • . . .. . . . . .. ... .. . •..... . ... I UO COMME TS . . .. . .. ..... ........•.• ......... . .... . . . .... . . . 101 ( CHAPTER 4 - DATA CODING ... ........ .. . . .... . ..... .... ....... . ..... 102 BIOLOGICAL DATA CODING FORMAT .... . . .. .. . .... . .. ....... . . .. 102 ( BIOLOGICAL DATA REQUIREMENTS . ... .... . .. . •.. ..... .... . . .. 104 ( MARK RECOVERY DATA CODING FORMAT .............. ... . .. . . .. 106 ( ADIPOSE FIN DATA ..... . .. ....... ..... . . . . ........... . ..... 106 ( ADIPOSE FIN DATA REQUIREMENTS ...... .. . .. . ........ . . . .... 108 ( MULTIPLE FIN CLIP DATA .. .... .. . ...... ..... .. ..... .. . . . . ... 109 ( MULTIPLE FIN CLIP DATA REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . III ( DATA VERlFICA TlON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 111 ( ( GLOSSARY .. ..... ............ ...... . . ...... . .. . ............... ..... . 112 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .. . ..... . . . . . ...... ....... . . ... ..... .. ..... . .. 114 REFERENCES. . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . • . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . .. 114 ( INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . • . • . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 ( TABLE OF CONTENTS ( ( ) - vii - LIST OF FIGURES Page I'il:llrc I - IlIw,lralions of A) cxtcrnal anatomical features, 8) internal anatomical features for a lypical ;alo"""iu ................................................... 3 Figure 2 - Schematic drawings of STEELHEAD TROUT, ATLANTIC SALMON, SOCKEYE SALMON and CHUM SALMON from Plate 1 displaying important identification characteristics and description .............................. 17 Figure 3 - Schematic drawings of CHINOOK SALMON, COHO SALMON, and PINK SALMON from Plate 2 displaying important identification characteristics and description ......... ........... .......... .... ... ........... .. 19 Figure 4 - Schematic drawings of male and female STEELHEAD TROUT and ATLANTIC SALMON from Plate 3 displaying important identification characteristics and description .................................................. 21 Figure 5 - Schematic drawings of male and female SOCKEYE SALMON and CHUM SALMON from Plate 4 displaying important identification characteristics and description ...... 23 Figure 6 - Schematic drawings of male and female CHINOOK SALMON and COHO SALMON from Plate S displaying important identification characteristics and description ..... 25 Figure 7 - Schematic drawings of male and female PINK SALMON from Plate 6 displaying important identification characteristics and description ...................... 27 Figure 8 - Schematic drawings of the caudal fins of STEELHEAD TROUT and ATLANTIC SALMON from Plate 7 displaying important identification characteristics and description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 29 Figure 9 - Schematic drawings of the caudal fins of SOCKEYE SALMON and CHUM SALMON from Plate 8 displaying important identification characteristics and description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31 Figure 10 - Schematic drawings of the caudal fins of CHINOOK SALMON and COHO SALMON from Plate 9 displaying important identification characteristics and description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33 Figure 11 - Schematic drawing of the caudal fin of PINK SALMON from Plate 10 displaying important identification characteristics and description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3S Figure 12 - Schematic drawings of the lower jaws of STEELHEAD TROUT and ATLANTIC SALMON from Plate II displaying important identification characteristics and description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37 LIST OF FIGURES o o (') o ~ viii· o o Page o Figure 13 - Schematic drawings of the lower jaws of SOCKEYE SALMON and CHUM o SALMON from Plate 12 displaying important identification characteristics and description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 ) n t'jgurc 14 - Schematic drawings or the lower jaws "I' C1I1NOOK Si\I.MON and COIIO SALMON from Plate 13 displaying important identification characteristics and () o description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 41 o Figure 15 - Schematic drawing of the lower jaw of PINK SALMON from Plate 14 o displaying important identification characteristics and description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 a () Figure 16 - Schematic drawing of the head of STEELHEAD TROUT from Plate 15 () displaying important identification characteristics and description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 () o Figure 17 - Schematic drawings of heads of ATLANTIC SALMON from Plate 16 displaying o important identification characteristics and description .. ... . .. . .... . . ...... . 47 o Figure 18 - Schematic drawings of heads of SOCKEYE SALMON and CHUM SALMON () from Plate 17 displaying important identification characteristics and description . . . . . 49 CJ a Figure 19 - Schematic drawings of heads of CHINOOK SALMON and COHO SALMON a from Plate 18 displaying important identification characteristics and description . . . .. 51 o u Figure 20 - Schematic drawing of the head of PINK SALMON from Plate 19 displaying () important identification characteristics and description . . .... . ..... .... .. .... 53 a a Figure 21 - DFO Pacific Region Subdistricts and Districts ... . . .... . .. ........... . ... . 58 o Figure 22 - Seven different length types used for measuring salmon; Post-orbital hypural () (POH or OH), Mid-eye hypural (MEH). Standard (SL), Mid-eye fork (MEF). () c Post-orbital fork (PFL). Fork (FL), and Total (TL) ..... .. .. .............. . . 64 o o Figure 23 - Example of a typical scale book with information on how to remove the scales, a diagram showing the preferred area, and what data are essential to record. Each c book is assigned a u'nique book number . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 67 C L Figure 24 - Two examples of the numbered gummed matrix page found inside a typical C scale book. Be careful to record the correct number to the appropriate scale ... .. .. 68 C C Figure 25 - Preferred areas for scale removal; A) area A is the primary preferred area; area B L is the second preferred area if no scales in area A; and, area C is the non-preferred L area. B) Close up of the preferred area with the preferred scale in solid black. It is located 2 rows up from the lateral, on a diagonal from posterior the dorsal fin insertion to the origin of the anal fin ......... .... . . . . ... ... ....... . ... 70 ( Co C C C. U TABLE OF CONTENTS U o ) - IX - Page Figure 26 - A) Example of a good scale used for scale collection. FW =freshwater annulus; M = marine; B) Non-preferred scale is not symmetrical; C) Regenerate scale; ) D) Edges of scale are resorbed (see arrows); E) Upside down scale; and n F) Wet scale. Scales B to F are non-preferred scales and should be discarded .. , ) ) Figure 27 - A) Individual scale removal of the preferred scale (No.2) from area A and placement on the scale book. B) Scale smear removal from the preferred area and placement on the scale book .. .... ... ...... ........ ........... .. .... 73 Figure 28 - A) Scales are all correctly oriented on the card in the ~ direction. B) Scales are incorrectly oriented in different directions .. ........... .. ..... ... ..... 74 Figure 29 - Fin sampling; A) indicates where to cut the dorsal fin off; B) base of the dorsal fin showing the cross-section of the fin rays; C) indicates where to cut the pectoral fin off; and, D) proper procedure for storing fins in envelopes . . . . . . . . . .. 77 Figure 30 - Otolith removal; A) the 3 common cuts used to remove the paired otoliths from the cranium; and, B) the otoliths are located in cranial grooves directly behind the brain .... . ..... . . ............. . .. ... ....... . .................. 79 Figure 31 - The SALMON BIOLOGICAL DATA FORM containing all of the biological sampling attributes discussed in this report ............................. 103 Figure 32 - The MRP COMMERCIAL SAMPLING FORM for recording Adipose Mark Sampling data ........................................... . ..... 107 Figure 33 - The MRP MULTIPLE FIN CLIP SAMPLE FORM for recording Multiple Fin Clip data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 110 LIST OF FIGURES o o o a - x - (l LIST OF COLOUR PLATES (J [l (1 Page o Plate 1 - Side profiles of STEELHEAD TROUT, ATLANTIC SALMON, SOCKEYE SALMON and CHUM SALMON ...................................... 16 f) ) o Plate 2 - Side profiles of CHINOOK SALMON, COHO SALMON, and PINK SALMON. . . . .. 18 a Plate 3 - Spawning characteristics for male and female STEELHEAD TROUT and o ATLANTIC SALMON ............................................. 20 o a Plate 4 - Spawning characteristics for male and female SOCKEYE SALMON and c CHUM SALMON ................................................ 22 c c Plate 5 - Spawning characteristics for male and female CHINOOK SALMON and c COHO SALMON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 24 c Plate 6 - Spawning characteristics for male and female PINK SALMON .................. 26 ( ( c Plate 7 - Caudal fins of STEELHEAD TROUT and ATLANTIC SALMON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28 c Plate 8 - Caudal fins of SOCKEYE SALMON and CHUM SALMON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30 c C Plate 9 - Caudal fins of CHINOOK SALMON and COHO SALMON ... •................ 32 L ( Plate 10 - Caudal fin of PINK SALMON ............................. . .......... 34 C ( Plate 11 - Lower jaws of STEELHEAD TROUT and ATLANTIC SALMON ............... 36 C Plate 12 - Lower jaws of SOCKEYE SALMON and CHUM SALMON ................... 38 ( { Plate 13 - Lower jaws of CHINOOK SALMON and COHO SALMON ................... 40 ( ( Plate 14 - Lower jaw of PINK SALMON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 ( ( Plate 15 - Side view of a STEELHEAD TROUT head ............................... 44 ( ( Plate 16 - Side view of ATLANTIC SALMON heads indicating pre-spawning ( and spawning characteristics ......................................... 46 ( Plate 17 - Side view of SOCKEYE SALMON and CHUM SALMON heads ................ 48 ( Plate 18 - Side view of CHINOOK SALMON and COHO SALMON heads ...... •......... 50 ( Plate 19 - Side view of a PINK SALMON head ... . ............................... 52 ( ( ( LIST OF COLOUR PLATES L (