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BYZA.c;NTIUM •. � -�--�....;.· �'\ in the IconoClast Era c. 680-850· A HISTORY Leslie Brubaker and John Haldan Byzanitnti huiemc onoecrcla6.a,8 s 0t- 850 Iconotchldeae sbmaa,bt oetu hltee gitoirfme alciaygr titho bauetsg an iBny zanatriouu7mn2 ad0n cdo ntifonrnu eead1r 2ly0ye ahralsso, n g healfı dr gınr oinpt hhei stiomraigcianlTa htiiitssoh finer. bs otoi kn Englfoiros vhfie ftryy e atross u rtvhemiyos se tl uasnifadvs ec inating periinmo edd iheivsatlIoi tars ly ts.ho fie r bsoto ikna nlya ngtuoa ge combtihneeex peortftw iaosu et hwohraosr s ep eciiatnlh wiers ittst en, archaeoalnovdgi isecuvaailld, fre onmct ehp iesr iaco odm,b ination ofp artiicmuploarrtt ota hniecc eo nodcelbaaTsthmaee u. t hhoarvse workteodg ettoph reorv aic doem prehoevnesriovvftie hev e�i sual, writatneodnt ,hm eart ertihtaaoltgs e htehlceplr a trhicefyo mplex issoufie cso noicBnly azsamn tIindu omis.no tg,h cehya lmlaennyg e tradiatsisounmapaltb ioioucntos n oacnlsdaet sthmp e e rfiiromdil ny itbsr oapdoelri· ct uilctaaulnrs,dao lc,i al-ceocnotneoxmti.c LESLIBER U BAKERi Psr ofoeBfsy szoarn Atriatnn Dedi reocftt hoer GradSucaht(oeCo oll olfAe rgatens Ld a wa)tt h Uen iveorfsBiitrym ­ inghHaemrp. r evpiuobulsi ciantcilVouindsseai noMdne aniinn g Ninth-CBeynztaunIrtmyia uagmEse:x egietnsh Hieos m iolGfir eesg ory oNfa zia(n1z9ua9sn9 dw),i tJho Hhanl dBoynz,a nitnti huEemr o af IconoTchlSeao sumr(:c2 e0s0S 1hh)ea. es d iBtyezda nittnih Nueim n th CentDueraoydAr: l i(v1e9?a9 n8cd)o edwiittRehod b,Oe srtte rhout, ThSea cIrmeadEg aeas ntWed s t( 19a9n5dw),i tJhu lMi.Ha .S mith, Gendientr hE ea rMleyd iWeovraEllad as:nt Wd e s3t0,0 -(920000 4). JOHNH ALDONi Psr ofoefsHsiosrat nHoder lyl SetnuidaciPt er si nce­ toUnn ivearnsidcis ut ryr aeS netnlRiyeo sre Faerlcalhtto h wDe u m­ barOtaoknCs e nfotreB ry zanSttiundHeii pesrs e.v piuobulsi cations inclBuydzea nitnti huSeme veCnetnht TuhrTeyr :a nsfoorfam ation Cult(u1r9er9 e0ev;d. 1n 9 9a7n)Bd y zanAtH iiusmt(:o2 r0yH0 e0 ). haesd iTtheSedo cHiiasltof oB ryyz anPtrioubmal:ne Pdme sr spectives (20a0n8cd)o edwiitEtelhdi ,z JaebffertaehnRy dos b Cionr maTchke, OxfHoarndd booBfoy kz anSttiund(ei2 e0s0 8). Byzanitnti huiemc onoecrlaa st c. 680-a8h 5i0s:t ory LESLIBER UBAKEARN D JOHNH ALDON CAMBRIDGE 'ı'ı'�W ::: UNIVPERRESSIST Y CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSIPTRYE SS UnivePrrsiinHttoyiu nCsgae m,b rCiBd82gB eUS n,i Ktiendg dom CambrUindigveeP rrseiispstsa oy rtf th Uen iveorCfsa imtbyr idge. Ifutr thtehUrens i vemrissisbtiydyo i'nss s emkinnoawtliietnndh gpge ue r osfu it educatioann,rd e lseeaaattrrh hnceiih gn ihgne tsetr nlaetvoieefolx nsca ell lence. www.cambridge.org Informoantt ihoisnw wtwi.tclaem:b ridge.org/9781107626294 ©C ambrUindigveeP rrse2is0ts1y 1 Thpiusb liicisacn to ipoynrS iugbthjsotet .ca tt euxtcoerpyt ion antdto h per oviosrfie olnecsvo alnlltei ccteinvsei ng agreements, nor eprodouafcn ptyai mroatnty a pkleaw ciet htohwuert i tten permiosCfsa imobnr idgeP rUensisv.e rsity Fiprusbtl 2i0s1h1e d Reprinted 2011 Firpaspte rebdai2ct0ki1 o5n Ac atarleocgfouatrerhdp i usb liicasav taiifolrnaot bmhBl ere i Ltiibsrha ry LiborCfao rnyg Craetsasl ioPngu ubilnidgca attai on BrubLaekselri,e . Byzanitntih iuecm o noecrcla6.a 8 s05t-0: 8 h ai s/tL oersBylr iueb aankJdeo rHh an ldon. p.cm. Inclbuidbelsi orgerfaepraheniindcnc adeles x . ISB9N7 8-0-521-43093-7 ıl.c ono-cBlyazsamEn mtpi-inHreie s t2oB.ryy z.a Enmtpi-inC,reh e u rhcihs tory. 3I.c ono-cBlyazsamEn mtpi-inHreie sr t-ySoourc4Be.ys z.a Enmtpi-inCrehe u rhcihs tory­ Sourc5Ie.cs o.Bn ysz,a n6tA.ir nBtey,.z a-nHtiisnte7o B.ry yz.a annttiinqeu ities. 8B.y zaEnmtpi-inPreoe l aintgdio cvse rn9mC.eh nutra.cn shdt -aBtyez aEnmtpi-inree Hist1o0rA.yra .tn sdt -aBtyez aEnmtpi-inHreie s tIoH.ra yl.dJ oonhF,n.i lT.i tle. BR2382.0B1708 949.-5d'c02222 010029491 ISB9N7 8-0-52H1a-r4d3b0a9c3k- 7 ISB9N7 8-1-10P7a-p6e2r6b2a9c-k4 CambrUindigveeP rrsehisantssory e sponfosrti hpbeei rlsiitosyrat cecnuocrfea cy URLfosre xteortrn hailr di-nptaewrretnbyesr tie tfeetsrio rtn eh pdiu sb lication, anddo neosgt u artahnaatntecy eo ntoensn utcw he bsiisot,rwe irsle lm aaicnc,u rate ora ppropriate. Contents An ootnen amaenspd l acen[apmaiegxse] Liosiftl lust[rxait]i ons Photogcrraepd[hixvit]cs Liosmfta ps[ xvii] Abbrevi[axvtiiioin]s Introd[u1 c]t ion 1 Beliideefo,al nopdgr ya,ci tanci hcaen wgoirnl[g9d ] Thceo ntaenbxdat c kgr[o9 u]n d Changaitntgit tioum dpeesar uitahlo [r1 i1t]y Impeproilaialtn pidec rsc ep[t1i5o]n s Thsee aforrcc ha uasnetdsh p er obolfce amu sa[t1 i8o]n Thceo ntriobfcuh tainosgnoi cnaigna edlc onormeilca tio[n2s2h]i ps Theev olrvoiolnfteg h a er mi[e2s6 ] Reconstarnurdce t-iaoffirnm [a2t9i]o n Thceu olfsta itnhtcesu o,lfr t e lainctdsh c,eu olfit m ag[e3s2 ] Relaincidsc onoc[l3a8s]m Thceu olfit m ag[e4 s0 ] Textasb oiumta bgeefostr hese e vecnetnht u[4r 4y] Icobnesfo irceo noc[5l 0a]s m Oppostiorte iloinig miaobgueesfos ir ceo noc[l6a6s]m 2 LeIoI iIc:o noocrol papsotr t[u6 n9i]s t? Thbea ckgtroot uhrneed io gfnLI eIoI[ 70] Thper obolfae n'm i mpiecroinaolc [l7a9s]m ' Thdee aorfetv hi dfoerne caeri lmyp eircioanlo c[l8a9s]m GermaannoCdso nstaonftNiankeo[ l9e4i]a GermaannoTdsh omoaKfsl audio[u9p8o]l is 'ExtienrflnuaelIn'sc leJasum?d, a ainstdmh e,ev idfreonmCc her istian communuintdiUeemrsa yyraudl[ e1 05] Thoep ensitnagag netdsh s eu ppeodsieacdgt a iinmasgt[e 1 s1 7] Ani mpeerdiiac[lt1 ?1 9] Thper obolfte hmCe h ailckoe[n 1 28] Thnea taunrader gumoefen atrislc yo noc[l1a3s5m] V Contents vı LeIoIP Ih ilos[t1 a4u0r]o s Artipsraondauluc ntdiLeoerIno I pIr:e searndvdoe cdu mentary evide[1n 4c4e] Conclu[s1i5o1n]s 3 ConstaVn atnidtn heie n stitutioonfia cloinsoactl[1ia 5os6nm] Rebelalnirdoe nfosr m[s1 56] Eaasntwd e stths:et abiloifss taafrttoieno tni[1 e 6r3s] Thqeu esotfti hoienm agtehse:oa lnodg yp ragmatism [176] ThCeo unocf7i 5la4 n idtr se su[l1t8s9 ] Thnea touifrc eo nopcelrassetcmiuyctt aihnosrdn e :a li[1t 9i7e]s Thdee stroufic mtaigoe[n1s 9?9 ] Artipsraondauluc ntdiCeoornn staVn [t2i1n2e] Architaenacdrt cuhriet deecctourra[at2li1 o2n] Icon[s2 18] Manuscr[i2p2t0s] Sil[k2s2 5] Coin[s2 26] Artisanalo uptrstoihdedeume cp tii[ro2en2 7] 'IconoicnPl aalsems['t2 i3n2e] ConstaVan nttdih nmeeo nastpeerrisees-co:ura tr ieosnp toon se 'trea[s2o3n4']? 4 Thet riumopfth r adiTthieio cno?n opihnitleer mission, 7751-38 [248] LeIoVa nhdi pso liitnihcearli [t2a4n8c]e ThCeo unocf7i7 8l atnh'der estoriamtaig[oe2 ns6' 0 ]of Reactions [276] Three iogfCn osn staannEtdii rnee[n 2e8 6] Artipsraondaulc [t2i9o4n] Architaenacdrt cuhriet deecctourra[at2li9 o4n] DocumeenvtiadrCeyon ncset:a nt[i3n0o9p]l e DocumeenvtiadrBeyyn zcaen:ht iinntee r[l3a1n4d]s Manusctrhiienp ttrso:d oufmc itniuosnc[3 u 1l7e] VatiBciabnl,iA optoesctVaoa ltiicgcara1 .n6 a6D,6i :a loofgG ureesgt ohrey Grea[t3 17] MouSnitn Maoin,a sotfSet Cr ayt heMreinnaei:[o 3n2 0] Icon[s3 20] Sil[k3s3 6] ThTeir eirv or[y3 47] Metalw[o3r4k8 ] Pectcorroasl[s 3e5s0 ] Coin[s3 52] Artipsraondauldc utritiohnn'eg i conionptheirlmei ssion': conclu[s3i5o5n]s NikepIha onrtdoh cseo nsoloiftd hasett iaotne : [830527-]1 1 Contents vii 5 Thes ecoincdo nocl[a3s6m6 ] LeVoa ntdh ree -impoofis mipteiirocinoa nlo 8c1l3a-s[2m30:6 6) Thsey noof8d 1 a5n tdh see ciocnodn oc[l3a7s2m] MichIaI8e:2l 0 -[93 86] Theop8h2i9l-o[4s32:9 2) 829-t4hb2er: o acdoenrt e[4x 0t4 ) Thaer tisanalo fsp ercoiodcnuodcn toic[o4l n1a 1s]m Thceo nte[4x 1t2 ] Architaenacdrt cuhriet deecctourra[4at 1li6 o]n Monumental[ p4a2i6n)t ing Manuscr[4i 2p8t]s Coin[s4 31] Metalw[4o 3r5k] Icon[s4 40] Sil[k4s4 1) Artipsraondauloc uttistoihnede me p i[r4 e4 3] Artipsraondauldc utrisioenncg io cnodn occolnacslmu:[s4 i45o]n s Th'et riuomfop rht'h od[4o 4x7y) 6 Econosmoyc,i aentdsy t,a t[4e 5 3] Thceo nte[x4t5 5] Theen vironbmaecnktgar[lo4 u5n9d) Pattoefer cnosn oamcitcit vhsiett ay[t:4 e 6 4] Resouarnccdoe isn a[g4e7 0) Thien cidoeftna cxea t[4i 7o5n] Thset aatniedtr se disteryidb[e4u 8t2i]v e Non-satcattiev[4 i 8t8y) Ceraamniodct heevri dtehnbeca ec:k gr[o4 u9n3d] Ceraamniodct heevri dtehneeci eg:h thc-ennitnut[5rh 0i] 0e s Thmeo vemoefgn oto d[s5 06) Tradaen cdo mmeirntc hee seeivgeahnnttndhhi ,,n ctehn tu[5r 1i1e]s Commewricttehh w ei dweorr l[d5 12) Intetrrnaad[le5 19) Commercset,aa tnttedhh, eee c ono[m5y2 4] 7 Patteorfsn est tleumrebnaatnn: dr urlailf [e51 3] Townsv,i llaangfdeo sr,t rceosnstee[sx5:t3 1) Thsee veenitghah,nt ndhi ,n ctehn tu[r5i3e8s] Typeosfu rbanpioslmi:s ,a nkodat shsteerrto tnl e[5m 4e4n]t s Thwei dceorn tteoxwtfon:rs t,r easnrsdee fusg,[e 5 s4 9] Settlement[ 5e5c9o]n omies Villraugrseaoslc, ia enltdoy ce,al li t[e5s6 4) 8 Socieallia tnedts h ceo ur[t5 73] Towaradn se swo ceilail[t 5e7 5) Ranaknt di t[l5e9 1] vııı Contents Incoamnaedc cteors ess ou[r5 c9e8s] Staatnuodsffi cient heei gahntedha rnliync tehn tu[6r 0i1e]s Socireittsyup,aa alcn etd,o pogr[a6p1h6y] 9 Socipeotlyi,at nidpco sw,e r[6 25] Soldainesdro sc i[e6 t2y7 ] Armiaenpsdo li[t6 i3c0s] Beliaetfst,ia tnuaddc etswi,ho wone :rt ehi ec onoadnads ts iconop[h6i 4l2e]s ? Churacnhmd o naosptpiocs tioit mipoenir cioanlo mdyatsahmns:d reali[6t 5i0e]s 1O Fismcaanla gemaenndat d minist[r6 a6]t5 ion Provignocviearln [m6 e6n5t] Thsei xatnhsd-e venthc-ocnetne[tx6ut6r 7y] Thseu rvoiflv aRatolem asnt rucatntudir teelspe asra:cn hdo i anthyp[a6t7o1i] Themaptrioct onfıostcsaatrlri uocaitn:rud er seosu [r6c7e9s] Kommerkainaadpr oitohifre okmca uis:tt oocm rsi sis-ma[n6a8g2e]m ent Thiem pekroimamle arnkkdio am meriknti haeeri igoahintn dhi nth centu[r6i9e5s] Threo olfteh der om[o7s0 5] Genetreanld einntc heieve osl outfti hmoein d dBlyez anfitsicnael syst[e7m0 9] Provicsoinodnuasl[i 7o1n5s] Taxaatnitdoh anes sesosfrm eesnotu [r7c1e7s] themata 11S trataedgmiitcnr iastainodtn h oer igoiftn hse [723] Thnea toufpr reo vimnicliiaatdlam riyn isotrriaagtniidno sn : evolu[t7i2o3n] Thaer micehsa:na gndede veloipntm heeein gtah ntndhi nth centu[r7i2e9s] Thiem plicoaftt htieio stntlsre a t[e7g3o4s] Newa rmainetdsh eev olouftt ihmoein d dBlyez anstyisnt[ee7 m3 9] NikepIha onrtdoh cser eaotftih otenh ema[t7a4 4] Thmeu ltipolfmi iclaitdtiiaovrniy s [i7o5n5s] Thseu bstroufpc rtouvrimeniscl iiaatdlam riyn ist[r7a6t4i]o n 12 Iconocrleapsrme,s enatnadrt eiwornit,th ipena gs [t7 72] Whyi conod[a7s7m4?] Represen[t7a8t2i]o n Rewritthpiean sg[t 7 87] Sour[8c 0e0s] Liter[a8t1u5r]e Inde[x9 07] An otonen amaenspd l acenames Adoptainan pgp roapnrcdio antsei fosrtmfoe rnB ty zanGtrienneaekm es ofp eoapnlpdel aicasel sw paryosb lesmianstceievc pe,or sasli ebxiilsitt.i es Weh avper efetrour sseetd a nadnagrldi focrimsosefp d e rsnoanmaels , whetrheee xyai nsadtr ienc ommEonng luissa-hgt eh Gueso rCgoen,s tan­ tiMniec,h Taheelo,de ot-rebe.uh ta voet her'whieslelG erneinesakem de's (e .Tgh.e odoEspiiopsh,aG neiromsaN,ni okse,p hNoirkoeRsto,am sa,n os, Theophrialttohhseau)rns L ea tivneirssewidho inwcseh,rn eou ts ebdyt he Byzantthienmessee xlcvoeenpts th,fr e i nogfet she emp irienI, t aBlyty h.e samteo kweehn a lveetft i talnoedffis c pioaslit tnsh G er efoerkm- s ygkellos, nosty ncmealgliusnsto,mrt ao gsi,fos rte exra,mT pilteol.fGe rse teekxa trse normcailtleeyid ti hnEe nrg l(ies.Bhgo .oo kfC eremoonrti reasn)s cribed fromt hGer e(eekE. kgl.o egxec)ie nip nts twahnectrehesLe a tivneirs­ed sihoanbs e cohmaeb i(et .uTgah.le ophcaonnetsi nNuoaettv uesr)wy.io lnle agrweiett hhbi uslt i,ak lselu cdhe cisiriteo flneoscu,otr ws pn r efearse nces mucahsa nsyc iernattiifıaocnn hadal aselt ,e tashvtei rotfcu oen sistency. Weh avael csoon titnouu setedh t ee r'mi conodcelsaptsihmfate'ce t thaatsd, i scsuesvsteeirdm aielnts hc eo uorfts hevi osl utmhBeey, z antines themsuesletvdhet ese r'mi conoWmeaa crsheoy m'e.w hheastia tbaonutt follotwhicinosgn veanistpt ie ornp,e atm uiastleesaa sdsiunmgap btoiuotn thpee riboutdth, we o ridss ofı rmelnyt reinnmc ohdeedsr cnh oulsaargley thiastte emperde cainopdue sd atnoit nisocin ss ctr upauclcouuhrsea rcey. ix