r\ *-• i ' t t c *~ C ' & — A Butting in Aib.rtJc.-cr Tobacco Control Update from the Division of Epidemiology, Prevention and Screening "Excuse me, but here's something that might interest you..." Volume 1 , N umber 2, August 2003 ISSN: 1 705-8635 Studies show smoking bans do not Lung cancer is most deadly cancer harm business Lung cancer kills more people than any other type of Do smoking bans really harm business? Dr. Stanton cancer. Glantz, of the University of California at San Francisco, Tobacco smoking is thought to be responsible for reports that a r ecent review of 97 research studies found 8 o ut of 10 cases of lung cancer. Smoking greatly that, “No-smoking policies in restaurants and bars don’t increases the risk of developing lung cancer because harm business, despite concerted efforts by the tobacco tobacco smoke contains substances that can cause industry to prove otherwise.” cancer. Exposure to second-hand smoke from being Glantz was referring to recent research that was around people who smoke also increases the risk of published in Tobacco Control and included unpublished developing lung cancer. tobacco industry studies as well as high-quality, independent research. Stopping smoking is the only proven method for reducing the risk of Fears that smoking bans eat into bar and developing lung cancer. restaurant revenues are unfounded. JAMA Tobacco Control Since 1995, lung cancer has been Alberta’s leading Glantz and his co-authors found studies concluding that cause of female cancer deaths, and it has long been the smoking bans adversely affected business were four leading cause of cancer deaths for men. In 1999, 474 times as likely to use subjective rather than objective women and 644 men died of lung cancer in Alberta. measures to estimate impact, and they were 20 times as likely not to be peer reviewed. Furthermore, Although the death toll remains high, the incidence rate the tobacco industry or its allies funded all of the of lung cancer in men has been declining over the past studies concluding that smoking restrictions harmed the decade. This decline reflects the decrease in smoking hospitality industry. prevalence among males 20 to 30 years earlier. Unfortunately, lung cancer is not the only cancer related Only one of the 3 1 i ndustry-funded studies had been to tobacco use. Cancer of the oral cavity, which includes published in a p eer-reviewed journal, and not even it met accepted criteria for quality. the lips, tongue, salivary glands, gums, inner surfaces of the mouth and pharynx, is increased because they are The reviewers said, “On the basis of the quality of directly exposed to tobacco smoke and spit tobacco. the evidence, fears that smoking bans in bars and restaurants eat into revenues are unfounded. And, Smokers are 2-to-18 times more likely to develop oral cancer than people who have never smoked. Spit policy-makers wishing to reduce exposure of employees tobacco users also face a m uch greater risk of oral and patrons to the dangers of second-hand tobacco cancer. Tobacco use has also been shown to contribute smoke should be reassured by these findings.” to cancers of the larynx, esophagus, pancreas, bladder, The full paper is available at kidney and cervix. http://tc.bmjjoumals.eom/cgi/content/full/l 1/4/DC 1 . Sources: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), January 15, 2003. Source: Stanton Glantz on Globalink Cancer in Alberta, A R egional Picture, January 2003 Most young women want to quit CORPORATE CORNER smoking, but few succeed Big tobacco fights back Research findings from the American Legacy Foundation show that 83% of young women smokers Culled from Anne Landman’s research of Philip Morris aged 16 to 24 believe they can quit smoking, but only documents, this “Personal & C onfidential” 1981 Philip Morris (PM) internal memo discusses how PM and 3% succeeded in quitting for at least a y ear. the tobacco industry should react to the publication of The data come from two surveys conducted by the 1981 U.S. Surgeon General’s report: “The Health the American Legacy Foundation: the Legacy Media Consequences of Smoking: The Changing Cigarette”. Tracking Survey (LMTS) and the National Youth The memo was written by Robert B. Seligman, Vice Tobacco Survey (NYTS). President of Research and Development for PM at Among the new findings — the first of their kind — the time, and was sent to PM’s president and several released July 18, 2003 are the following statistics: high-level PM executives and scientists. In the memo, Seligman states the need for the tobacco industry to • 25% of young American women aged 16-24 begin supporting and publishing studies that would smoked in 2002. [LMTS] “reverse the ground swell of public opinion which has • 65% of them said they were thinking of quitting emerged as a result of antismoking activity.” within six months. [LMTS] • 83% believed they would be able to quit if they wanted to. [LMTS] . . . reverse the ground swell • 60% tried to quit during the previous year. [LMTS] of p ublic opinion . . . R.B. Seligman • 25% succeeded for more than a w eek but less than one month and 28% quit for one to six months. Six per cent succeeded in not smoking for more than six months but relapsed before the end of the year, and He says, “It is our opinion that Philip Morris (or only 3% succeeded in quitting for at least a y ear. the tobacco industry) take a more aggressive posture [LMTS] to counterattack the antismoking movement. We’re suggesting funding studies (primarily outside the United “The dismal rate of success in quitting,” said Dr. Cheryl States) with the intent to publish data which refutes Healton, President and CEO of the American Legacy specific assertions by the antismoking forces.” Foundation, “shows that we have much work to do to Several times in the memo Seligman acknowledges ensure that anyone who wants to quit smoking, can quit “despite the fact that there are potential legal risks in smoking.” The Legacy Media Tracking Survey is an annual directly supporting and publishing [such] studies” that nevertheless the industry “must enter this arena.” He telephone survey of youth aged 1 2 t o 24. The refers to the industry’s current situation as “trying to do estimates presented in this document are preliminary data collected from July 2002 through January 2003, battle without armament.” from a t otal sample of 6,572 youth. “From this memo,” Landman notes, “it appears that Seligman knew the legal risks of funding and producing The National Youth Tobacco Survey is an anonymous, studies specifically to counter emerging information self-administered questionnaire, administered to 35,828 about the health dangers of tobacco smoke, but that he middle and high school students nationwide in the felt PM should undertake these risks anyway.” spring of 2000. Source: American Legacy Foundation Press Release Source: Anne Landman, American Lung Association http://pressroom.americanlegacy.org/[...]LWTG/index_html/view Company /Source: Philip Morris, 12 Feb 1981 Blitting In is p ublished bimonthly by the Alberta Cancer Board to provide current information on evidence published in leading scientific journals and newspapers and taken from the pag documents. Sources of information for all articles are noted at the end of each piece. Articles to the Alberta Cancer Board and the original source as cited. Forward comments to the Division of Epidemiology, Frev and Screening at (403) 944-4888 or [email protected].