Before Taliban Bukhara Samarkand Former U.S.S,R. Balkh BADAKHSHAN Mazar-i Sharif Kunduz Mashad Shebargan KK UU SS HH Aq Kupruk DD UU Chitral HH II NN K U N A R KOHISTAN Herat Bamiyan Kabul Jalalabad Peshawar AFGHANISTAN Parachinar Ghazni Khost Islamabad mand PAKTIA Miramshah Hel Qandahar Lahore Quetta PAKISTAN IRAN I N D I A Karachi ARABIAN SEA Before Taliban Genealogies of the Afghan Jihad David B. Edwards University of California Press Berkeley Los Angeles London University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles,California University of California Press,Ltd. London,England © 2002 by the Regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Edwards,David B. Before Taliban :genealogies of the Afghan jihad / David B.Edwards. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN0–520-22859-6 (Cloth :alk.paper) ISBN0–520-22861-8 (Paper :alk.paper) 1.Safi,Samiullah. 2.Amin,Qazi Muhammad. I.Title. Ds371.2 .E38 2002 958.104'5—dc21 2001006513 Manufactured in the United States of America 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The paper used in this publication is both acid-free and totally chlorine- free (TCF).It meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48– 1992 (R1997) (Permanence of Paper).8 for Majrooh Lay down the burden of speaking that has left you so weary, For now you have taken refuge with so loving a Friend. Khamûsh bäsh tu az ranj-i goft-o gûy makhûsp, ke dar panäh-i chenan yär-i mehrabän raftî. —Jalauddin Rumi Contents List of Illustrations ix Significant Persons and Parties xi Author’s Note xv Preface xvii 1. Introduction:Into Forbidden Afghanistan 1 Part I. The Saur Revolution 2. Lives of the Party 25 3. The Armature of Khalqi Power 57 Coda The Death of a President 87 Part II. The Pech Uprising 4. A Son of Safi 95 5. Anatomy of a Tribal Uprising 132 Coda The Death of a Safi Daughter 167 Part III. The Islamic Jihad 6. Muslim Youth 177 7. Fault Lines in the Afghan Jihad 225 Coda The Death of Majrooh 279 8. Epilogue:Topakan and Taliban 287 Notes 309 Glossary 333 Bibliography 339 Index 347 Illustrations Photographs 1. Amir Amanullah with courtiers 6 2. Costume ball 9 3. Amir Habibullah darbar 59 4. Amir Amanullah meeting with tribal leaders 60 5. Meeting of parliamentary deputies 61 6. President Muhammad Daud 62 7. President Nur Muhammad Taraki 73 8. Samiullah Safi,Pech Valley,1985 137 9. Samiullah Safi,Dewagal Valley,1989 138 10. Safi lashkar 153 11. Qazi Amin 222 12. Qazi Amin speaking at the dedication of a new high school 223 13. Qazi Amin with Engineer Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 236 14. Qazi Amin with Professor Burhanuddin Rabbani 237 15. Professor Bahauddin Majrooh with Samiullah Safi 281 Maps Afghanistan frontispiece 1. Eastern Afghanistan 101 2. Pech Valley 133 ix