BBN–ANG–243 Phonological analysis 3–4. Contrast in English consonants ZoltánG.Kiss,PéterSzigetvári,MiklósTörkenczy Dept.ofEnglishLinguistics,EötvösLorándUniversity z.g.kiss(elte|delg) analysis3–4|consonantcontrast 1/74 aims lecture outline ◮ contrastamongEnglishconsonants(obstruents) ◮ laryngeal(“voicing”)contrast: phoneticsanddistribution ◮ whencontrastdisappears: neutralization ◮ voicingassimilation z.g.kiss(elte|delg) analysis3–4|consonantcontrast 2/74 consonantcontrasts consonant contrasts in English z.g.kiss(elte|delg) analysis3–4|consonantcontrast 3/74 consonantcontrasts the consonant inventory(contrastiveconsonants) Bil. Lab-den. Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal P p | b t | d k | g (P) O F f | v T | D s | z S | Z A Ù Ã N | m | n | N S L | l | r G | w | j h | Bil. =bilabial,Lab-den. =labio-dental P=stop/plosive,F=fricative,A=a=ricate,N=nasal,L=liquid,G=glide O=obstruent,S=sonorant |=leftofline: “voiceless”,rightofline: “voiced” z.g.kiss(elte|delg) analysis3–4|consonantcontrast 4/74 consonantcontrasts obstruent contrasts ◮ placecontrast: e.g.,/t/vs. /p/: tin–pin;/t/vs. /k/: tan–can ◮ mannercontrast: e.g.,/t/vs. /s/: tin–sin ◮ “voicing”contrast: /t/vs. /d/: time–dime z.g.kiss(elte|delg) analysis3–4|consonantcontrast 5/74 laryngealcontrast “voicing” contrast in obstruents OBSTRUENTS STOPS FRICATIVES /t/ – /d/ /s/ – /z/ tie – die sip – zip writer – rider missle – mizzle beat – bead bus – buzz ‘voiceless’ ‘voiced’ ‘voiceless’ ‘voiced’ z.g.kiss(elte|delg) analysis3–4|consonantcontrast 6/74 laryngealcontrast laryngeal contrast in obstruents ◮ thephonologicalcontrastof“voicing”issignalled(=cued) byacomplexoffeatures: thereareseveralcorrelatesofthiscontrast= therearemany“concomitant”featuresforthecontrast ◮ vocalfoldvibrationisonlyoneofthem ◮ let’srefertothephonologicalcontrastaslaryngealcontrast ◮ voicingisanarrowlyusedphoneticterm: vocalfoldvibration(also called: phonation) z.g.kiss(elte|delg) analysis3–4|consonantcontrast 7/74 laryngealcontrast some phonetic correlates of laryngeal contrast in obstruents ◮ voicing/phonation: vocal fold vibration ◮ Voice Onset Time (VOT) ◮ relative length of preceding vowel ◮ glottalization ◮ release noise/burst: intensity & length z.g.kiss(elte|delg) analysis3–4|consonantcontrast 8/74 laryngealcontrast voicing larynx: vocal folds + glottis z.g.kiss(elte|delg) analysis3–4|consonantcontrast 9/74 laryngealcontrast voicing vocal folds: periodic vibration z.g.kiss(elte|delg) analysis3–4|consonantcontrast 10/74