© Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at Bonner zoologische Beiträge Band 51 (2002) Heft 2/3 Seiten 141-146 Bonn, September 2003 Bamberg's Natural History Museum - the Scientific Significance of Small Collections Frank D. Steinheimer The Natural History Museum, Bird Group, Tring, UK Abstract. Bamberg's Natural History Museum (North-Bavaria, Germany) was founded atthe end ofthe 18th century. The Bambergmuseum was once listed as comparable with thecollections ofLeiden, Paris and London (Jaeck 1815). Atthe end ofthe 19th century, it held about 1000 bird specimens of800 species, all exhibited in the exhibition hall from 1794. Investigations into the history ofthe avian specimens have now delivered very suiprising discoveries among the 1500 bird mounts. Several regional tlrst records, locally extinct species and rarely documented vagrants are found in the European section. However, much more interesting are the exotic birds. The most exciting discoveries are specimens from Johann Baptist von Spix's exploration ofBrazil in 1817-1820 and from Johann Heinrich Christian Stunn's former collection at Nürnberg. Bamberg also houses several specimens ofthe famous Australian collection ofAmalie Dietrich, one ofthe few female collectors. Bamberg Museum is a good case study demonstrating that even small collections may be ofscientific importance for bio- geography, conservation, taxonomy and the history ofscience. Key words. Bird collection, restoring data, Naturkunde-Museum Bamberg 1. INTRODUCTION Banz birds added enonnously to the dozen or so sur- viving birds from the old Bamberg collection. From In 1791 the archbishop of Bamberg and Würzburg. then onwards the collection of Bamberg showed a Franz Ludwig von Erthal (1730-1795), decided to steady increase (cf Stephan 1807a-e). open a faculty ofnatural science at the University of Bamberg, subsequently also adding a „Naturalien- During many visits to the Bamberg natural history kabinett", as the Natural History Museum was named collection from childhood onwards, I realized the at that time, for the purpose of studying natural importance and potential ofthe avian collection there. objects (Mäuser 1995). Even before the official deci- In 1999 I therefore started a project ofrestoring data sion to found a museum at Bamberg had taken place, to Bamberg's bird specimens. This publication sum- many specimens, including birds, had arrived at Bam- marizes the methods of my project and some early berg (e.g. ca. 100 bird specimens arrived in 1790 from results. Geheime Kabinettssekretär Hofrat Schmidt of Ans- bach). A new exhibition hall had to be built to house 2. METHODS the increasing collections. It was fitted within the old Every bird specimen in the exhibition hall and from the cellar building of the former Jesuit college at Bamberg's store rooms has been photographed by the volunteers Gertrud Fleischstrasse. The exhibition cases arrived in 1794, and Dieter Dollner with a digital camera [Nikon Coolpix all nicely decorated with busts of famous scientists 990E, lens 3-x zoom Niklior, focal length Sinm-24mm]. The from DiosKURiDES to Linne, which were carved by photos ofthe bird speciinens have been taken while placed in Georg Joseph Muschele (for more details cf Mäuser a box [80 X 80 X 80 cm] with an interior painted in neutral 1995, see illustration However, afterthis quick and white. Threefluorescenttubes havebeen used asa lightsource successful start of a n1a)t.ural history museum at Bam- gciovlionugr caodseun-1l2i,k~e 5co,n0d0i0tiKoenlvi[nO]s.rLaamrgLer1s8p/1e2c,imeeancsh(a1b8ouWtat6t0, berg, a deep blow followed Erthal's death in 1795 birds) have had to be photographed in fiont ofwhite canvas because the new sovereign, archbishop Christoph using photo studio lights and flashes. All photos bear a colour Franz von Buseck, showed no commitment towards codereference from Kodakas well as a scale. Additional pho- the museum and it was even used as a hall for manu- tosweretakenofall labels writtenbefore 1900. E.xposuretime facturing crop sacks during the revolution wars. How- were 1/15s with aperUires from 6.1 to 8.7 and focal lengths tevheera,mianss1i8n0g3 oafnceolwlepcetriioonsd cofompmroednuccetidvewhsecinenthcee.caonld- fsarvoemd1a4s.4JtPoE2G2.f8ilemsm(.noSrumbasleqfuoemnitalty), tahnedpphroitnotsedhaovnedbisecesn. These imagesarethebasisforlateridentificationpurposes and lection of natural history objects from the monastery comparison with specimens of other natural history collec- Banz arrived at Bamberg due to secularization. The tions, thus giving the correct (sub-) species detemiination. In last curator ofthe Banz collection, Dionysius Linder, turn, knowledge ofthe subspecies limits the geographical area subsequently became the curator at Bamberg. The from which a certain specimen could have been collected. © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at 142 Frank D. Steinheimer archive matenal: label identification of preparation style letters and bills (sub-) spKies last source \ time wmdowof restnctions of collector acquisition-/ possible preparation date publications/diaries/field notes aiin: exactlocali^ anddate, name ofcollector and Fig. 1: Structure of the correct (sub-) species process of restoring data to an avian collection. Individual data accompanying each bird specimen is also 3. RESULTS documented. The main data sources are labels or notes on bird stands, catalogue and acquisition entries, accompany- It is notyetpossible to give acomplete accountofall bird ing letters (in museums' and town archives), bills and pub- specimens. A full documentation as part ofa PhD is in lications, unpublished diaries and notebooks. Last but not preparation,butwill take several yearstocomplete. How- least, the preparation style can indicate something about ever, some suiprising finds can already be mentioned. possible acquisition dates. Combining all available data, i.e. the time window, the geo- Altogether, Bamberg's museum holds 1,550 mounted graphical region and the possible sources is normally enough birds of about 800 species, 75 study skins of local to make only one ortwo collectors a possibility. Then diaries species, 19 complete and 12 partial skeletons, 552 and fieldreports may confinn theprobabilityofhaving found the correct collector, thus giving additional infomiation on eggs and 112 nests. The mounted birds are still the the exact collection locality and date (see fig. 1 ). key specimens of the old exhibition hall (fig. 2), © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at Bamberg's Natural History Museum 143 which has maintained its old settings and late 18"^ Maas in 1875 indicates a year of invasions of this century features until today (Meyer 2001). For each species to Germany (Wüst 1986). The specimen of species usually one, but when the sexes differ some- the Lesser Grey Shrike, Lanius minor, which is said to times two or rarely up to 5 specimens are shown, indi- have been shot at Bamberg during the breeding sea- cating a Linnean understanding of nature. The speci- son, documents well the changes of distribution over mens and the system used represented creation rather time. The species is now extinct throughout Germany than evolution, especially as all curators who were (cf Wüst 1986). responsible for the museum during the 19'^ century 3.2. Exotic material were trained clergymen. The most important specimens arrived from Munich The curators ofthe collection differed in the type and amount of ornithological material they obtained. in the years 1857-1864, when Bamberg acquired Dionysius Linder, who was curator from 1803 to duplicate material via Carl Theodor Ernst von Siebold (1804-1885) ofthe Zoological State Collec- 1838, increased the collection from less than a dozen specimens to several hundreds and Andreas Haupt tion. Most ofthe Munich specimens are from Brazil, (curator 1838-1885) continued in this tradition. At the many actually from the galleiy forests along the coast end of his career, the Bamberg Museum possessed near Rio de Janeiro. I therefore extracted a list of all about 1,000 bird specimens. But it was Georg Fischer Brazilian specimens in the Munich collection register (curator 1885-1912), who started the careful docu- (vol. I: acquisitions until 1910), thus summarizing mentation ofall specimens by entering them in a cat- possible collectors. All Brazilian specimens at alogue. Since then this catalogue has been used as an Munich from pre-1864, for which some sort of col- acquisition book, telling exactly the amount offurther lecting locality rather then just „Brazil" are given, material to arrive. Later curators, i.e. Michael Kunz derive from three sources only. (1913-1916), Theodor Schneid (1917-1945), Oskar The first is the famous Brazilian explorations of Kuhn (1946-1951), Anton Kolb (1951-1984) and Johann Baptist von Spix (1781-1826) & Carl Alfred Hertle (commissariat, 1984-1988), had little Friedrich Philipp von Martius (1794-1868) as well as input into the important specimens of the avian col- ofthe Austrian Johann Natterer (1787-1843) during lection. The present curator Matthias Mäuser (from the years 1817-1820 (Natterer until 1835) on the 1988 onwards), however, has a major interest in the occasion ofthe marriage of Erzherzogin Leopoldina history ofthe avian collection and supports collection of Austria (1797-1826) with the crown prince Dom based research. Pedro, later Emperor Pedro I of Brazil, in 1817 (Sick 1984). Natterer especially did extensive col- lecting. His huge collection subsequently went to 3.1. Local material Vienna museum; however, in 1840 Natterer visited As in many other local collections (cf Hanák 2000a, Munich museum to exchange his duplicate specimens b; Hanák & Hudecek 2000; Hudecek & Hanák for Viennese desideratae (Tiefenbacher 1983, 2000; Hudecek & Hanák 1999), the natural history Schifter 1993). collection at Bamberg holds a few regionally impor- The second source is the private collection ofMaxim- tant specimens, e.g. first county records, records of ilian von Leuchtenberg (-1817-1852) at Eichstädt, rare vagrants and records of a changing distribution Bavaria, whose brother Karl August Eugene pattern. Some of these specimens are even quoted in Napoleon von Leuchtenberg (1810-1835) collected publications. One is a sub-adult Golden Eagle, Aquila in Brazil, returning many specimens to Eichstädt in chysaetos, shot on the plains close to Neuhaus (North 1829 (Sturm 1841-47). Later it was Maximilian's sis- Bavaria) by the forest warden Mattick in November ter, Amalie von Leuchtenberg (1812-1873), the sec- 1860 (JACKEL 1863). Most of the known records of Golden Eagle from north of the Danube during the ond wife ofPedro I of Brazil after Leopoldina died in 1826, who presumably sent specimens home dur- 18'h and 19* century were shot out ofcuriosity or as ing 1826-1831 (the latter is the year ofPedro's abdi- a result of contemporary ideas about game manage- cation). In 1855 von Leuchtenberg's collection was ment. However, their remains in collections now pro- given to Munich museum, when his family moved to vide valid records for this rare species for the North Russia following his death. Bavarian region, where it has not been observed in recent years. It is not yet certain from which popula- The last source ofBrazilian specimens is the collection tion the Golden Eagle individual might have origi- of Georg Heinrich von Langsdorff (1774-1852), nated, but it seems likely to be a northern European though only one remaining specimen at Munich is bird (Wüst 1981). A specimen of the Rose-coloured known. The biggest share ofBrazilian birds at Munich Starling Sturmis roseus shot by the forest warden until 1900, however, is still that of Spix. I assume © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at 144 Frank D. Steinheimer therefore, that some of the specimens at Bamberg Sturm (1841-1847) lists all toucan specimens which museum may have paratype status for names by Spix. he had in his own collection at Nürnberg. Bamberg Museum has two of them still on display: an Aiila- Bamberg also obtained a share of bird specimens corhynchits siilcatiis, which Sturm obtained from from the collection ofthe toucan expert Johann Hein- Vienna Museum (collected at Santa Fé de Bogota) rich Christian Sturm (1805-1862) ofNürnberg, who and a Selenidera ciilik, which was apparently obtai- translated John Gould's Monograph of the Ram- ned from Johann Natterer (see fig. 3). phastidae (1834) into Gennan, adding new descrip- tions of his own (Sturm 1841-47). This book, which Moreover, Sturm planned to publish German transla- is unknown to many ornithologists, greatly improved tions of the first volume of the Birds of Australia Gould's original publication: the drawings are more (Gould 1837) and the monograph of the Trogonidae accurate in colour and many of Johann Natterer's (Gould 1838). HoweBveMrN,Has the surviving original field notes as well as notes by Sturm himself were manuscripts at the library at Tring show, Sturm would not have added any of his own com- added. Sturm was only able to extend Gould's work ments, as he probably lacked many Australian speci- by having his own reference material; he possessed a mens in his collection. Despite some gaps in Sturm's large bird collection, consisting of about 2700 speci- collection, Carl Hermann Conrad BuRMEiSTER (1807- mens of 1700 species, including 62 specimens of 1892), a collector of Argentinean specimens, spoke Rafatmeprhiatsstdiidsapoesa(lSitnur1m8651,86b5u)t.mIatnwyasspebceilmieevnesdhalovset very well about it (Sturm 1865). actually survived in the collections of Munich, Bam- It is also worth consideration that many of the early berg and, probably, at the University of Erlangen. bird books printed at Nürnberg might have used speci- hird specimen "KunschjtabeltticanSéleniáerapiperi^wa" preparation style: arclu'.^material: label: "Cayenne, idenlificahon: pre-1850 nettraced No.518" &¡ey!!deracidik timewindow: acqmsdion bcok: No. collectedand 518 =SRTPM 1858 mountedbefore 183D restrictions cf possible last source: JohaimHeuirichClmstian localities;Guianas&:N-Brazil F, STORIvI(1805-1862) ofNürnberg noith oftheAmazonfrom the Rio NegrotoObidos publications: STUPJ..Í, J. H. C. F. (1841-1847): collectorJohann Monograpl'iie der Rhamphastidae, mit Zusätzen und NATTERER (1787-1843), neuen Arten \i^rmehrt nach GOULD's Monograph of collecting1817-1835 the Rl-i.amphaítidae.-STURM, Níirnbeig diariesfield notes: Johann NATTERíR's slip catalogue, Naturhistorisches Mi^seum Wien, Orriithological Department(i« htt. E. BAUERIIFEDID 13 December 2001): "mas.. Barrado Rio Negro, 7. Jur^r [1]833, einzeln im Wald [/] istpiperivorus [...] [/] Iris carminroth- [...] [/ later added:] DiesesExemplar en Hr. STUPJvIgeschiclct". aiiti: &I.enid&racuHk(PfeSerñesser/GüiananToücanety, masculine; loc Barra do Eio Ne,gro; date: 7 June 1833; remark: scattered inforest, ins carmine red Fig. 3: An example of a com- leg.: Johann NATTERfi? no, 977; ex.coll. Johann Heinrich Clristian F. STURIvI, plete restored histoiy ofone of Bamberg's specimens: Seleni- Nürnberg; coll. Naturkunde-Museurn No. 518. [not threatened species, cf dera ciilik collected by Johann Birdlife International 2000]. Natterer. © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at Bamberg's Natural History Museum 145 mens from Sturm's collection for illustrations, thus objects, mainly those obtained from the Bainberg-bom making the thorough investigation ofBamberg's Stuim missionary Matthäus Kirchner, who lived at Khartoum, specimens very important for the history ofscience. butexploredthe WhiteNile upwards deep into East-Cen- fral Africa, even obtaining Shoebills Balaeniceps rex at Specimens from Australia and the Pacific islands arrived the shores of Lake Victoria. This bird species had been from Johann Cesar Godeffroy (1813-1885), who described only seven years previously (Gould 1850), employed professional collectors as well as captains of when, in 1857, Bamberg museum had already its own his business fleet for collecting natural histoi-y objects specimens on display (see fig. 4)! Kirchner asked in (Gebhardt 1964). Amalie Dietrich (1821-1891) and return only forseeds, agricultural products and other sup- TheodorKleinschmidt(1834-1881) aretwo ofthe many ports forhismissionwork, thus beingaverycheap source collectors for Godeffroy. Bamberg Natural History of excellent and rare material, especially insects and Museum possesses Godeffroy specimens, which bear birds. Many ofhis specimens were exchanged with other localities like Rockhampton, (Lake) Elphinstone and institutions, e.g. with the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch (Port) Mackay, places which were extensively visited by Museum of Leiden (cf letters in Leiden archives, filed Dietrich, thus making it very likely thatthese specimens under „Haupt", cf Gijzen 1938). are indeed her products. Other Godeffroy material at Bamberg originates from the Fiji Islands, which were 4. DISCUSSION explored by Kleinschmidt on Godeffroy's behalf I use the Bamberg collection as a case-study to prove Much exotic material also came to Bamberg via Johann that even bird specimens without easily accessible Lukas Schönlein (1793-1864). Schönlein was a Profes- data may have a validity for science, iftime and staff sor for Medicine, who purchased all sorts ofnatural his- power allow a thorough data check. There are many toid objects forthe museum ofBamberg during his times small collections existing which have suffered huge at Zurich and Berlin. In the first halfofthe 19* century, neglect and data loss. But, as the Bamberg study both towns maintained a market for exotic collections shows, there might be a chance to restore data to such (ScHEMMEL 1993). Schönlein's son might have also collections making them important for science in their been collecting for Bamberg; at least he died far abroad own right. Therefore I urge researchers to appreciate in Africa (Haupt 1893). local collections, regardless of their condition. In 1914 an Arfak Astrapia Astrapia nigra was acquired Although money and staffis often lacking to maintain these collections well, they should at least be kept. In from Emil Weiske (1867-1950). Weisice has become well known for collecting in Australia and New Guinea the future some of them might be revealed to be of huge importance for ornithology. Hopefully the Bam- on thebehalfofforexampleTring, London, Beriin, Dres- berg case study might also encourage those who are den, Leipzig and Vienna museums (Gebhardt 1964). responsible for neglected collections to work towards BambergMuseumcouldonlyaffordsuch acompletecol- a full documentation of the material or, at least, to lection ofexotic birds by dealing itselfin natural histoiy stop further data loss and decay. Fig. 4: The two specimens of Shoebills Balaeniceps rex at the Naturkunde-Museum Bamberg, collected by Matthäus Kirchner before 1857. Foto: DöLLNER & Stein- heimer 2001 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at 146 Frank D. Steinheimer ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Kahl, P. (1979): Family Balaenicipitridae, Shoebills. - pp. IDiweoteurldDöllilkneert,o wexhporewsosrmkeyddseoepheasrtdtohnantkhse tdoocGuemretnrtuadtainodn 2(e5d2s-.2M5a3yirn,:EC.h&eckC-OLTiTsRtELoLf,BGi.rdsW.)o.f MthuesWeourmldo,fvColo.m-I. of the Bamberg collection, especially in tracing archive parative Zoology, Cambridge (Mass.). material and taking photos for my studies. Matthias Mäuser KOLB, A. (1983): 180 Jahre Naturkunde-Museum Bamberg has always welcomed me in his museum and given me free LiNDER'sche Stiftung. Bericht der Naturforschenden access to the material there. He also supported my studies Gesellschaft Bamberg LVII: 130-150. with his huge knowledge ofthe history ofthis museum. Mr Mäuser, M. (1995a): Das neue Naturkunde-Museum Bam- Klotz sorted much ofthe archive material, which proved to berg. Ber. Naturforsch. Ges. Bamberg 69/1994: 121- be of great help. Hannelore Landsberg (archives Natur- 132. kunde-Museum Berlin), René Dekker (Naturalis, Nationaal Mäuser, M. (1995b): Zur Gründung des Bamberger Natu- Natuurhistorisch Museum Leiden) and especially Josef ralienkabinetts durch Fürstbischof Franz Ludwig von Reichholf (Zoologische Staatssammlung München) were Erthal. - pp. 235-243 in: Franz Ludwig von Erthal - Fürstbischof von Bamberg und Würzburg 1779-1795 veiy helpful in obtaining data on the connections of their museums with Bamberg Museum. Ernst Bauernfeind (ed. Baumgärtel-Fleischmann, R.). Diözesanmuseum (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien) traced highly appreci- Bamberg, Bamberg. ated data on Stumi's Toucan for figure 2. Ann Datta, Alison Meyer, K.-O. (2001): Wert und Bewertung naturkundlicher Harding and Effie Warr kindly helped me in obtaining data Sammlungen. ~ Der Präparator 47 (3): 119-126. on publications ofSturm. Last but not least many thanks to Schifter, H. (1993): Johann Natterer und seine ornitholo- the families Döllner ofBamberg and Steinheimer ofNürn- gischen Entdeckungen in Brasilien, 1817-1835. Kata- berg for their tmancial support. Robert Prys-Jones and loge des OÖ. Landesmuseums, Neue Folge 61: 155- Matthias Mäuser commented on earlier drafts. 180. SCHEMMEL, B. (1993): Johann Lukas Schönlein (1793- 1864) - Arzt und Mäzen. Staatsbibliothek Bamberg, LITERATURE Bamberg. BirdLife International (2000): Threatened Birds of the Sick, H. (1984): Birds in Brazil. Princeton University New World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Press, Princeton, Jersey. Barcelona, Cambridge. Stephan, J. K. (1807a): Vom Königlichen Naturalien-Kabi- GlJZEN, A. (1938): 's Rijks Museum van Natuurlijke Histo- nete zu Bamberg. Georgia - Zeitung für die gebildete rie 1820-1915. W. L. & J. Busse, Rotterdam. Weh No. 90: 714-718. Gould, J. (1834): A Monograph of the Ramphastidae, or Stephan, J. K. (1807b): Vom KöniglichenNaturalien-Kabi- family ofToucans: observations on the anatomy ofthe nete zu Bamberg. Georgia - Zeitung für die gebildete Toucan. Gould, London. Welt No. 93: 737-740. Gould, J. (1838): A Monograph ofthe Trogonidae, or fam- Stephan, J. K. (1807c): Vom Königlichen Naturalien-Kabi- ily ofTrogons. Gould, London. nete zu Bamberg. Georgia - Zeitung für die gebildete Gould, J. (1837): The Birds of Australia and the adjacent Weh No. 96: 761-764. Goulisdl,andJ.s.(1Pt8.501):Go[unoldt,itlLeo].ndAotnh.enaeum: journal of litera- Stepnhetaen,zuJ. BK.am(b1e8r0g7d.):GeVoormgiKaö-niZgeliitcuhnegn Nfaürtudriaeligeenb-iKladbeit-e ture, science, [etc.], London, no. 1207: 1315. Weh No. 100: 793-796. Hanák, F. & Hudecek, J. (2000): European birds and other Stephan, J. K. (1807e): Vom Königlichen Naturalien-Kabi- vertebrates in State Castle Pernstejn. Zprévy MOS 58: nete zu Bamberg. Georgia - Zeitung tur die gebildete 45-78. Welt No. 102: 809-812. Hanák, F. (2000a): Kolekce evropskych ptáku na Státnim [Sturm] (1865): Dr. Sturm's Collection ofObjects ofNat- hrade Bitov. Zprävy MOS 58: 195-212. ural History in Nuremberg. Ann. Mag. of Nat. Hist. Hanák, F. (2000b): Sbirka ptáku na Státnim zámku Tele. London XVI (3): 377-378. Zprávy MOS 58: 213-224. Sturm, J. H. C. F. (1841-1847): Monographie der Rham- Haupt, A. (1893): Vermehrung des Kgl. Naturalienkabi- phastidae, mitZusätzen und neuen Arten vemehrt nach nets. Bericht dernaturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bam- Gould's Monograph of the Rhamphastidae. Sturm, berg XVI: 1-120. Nürnberg. HEß, W. (1930): Lebensläufe in Franken, [nn]. Tiefenbacher, L. (1983): Die Brasilienexpedition von J. B. Hudecek, J., & Hanák, F. (1999): Europäische Vögel in V. Spix und C. F. Ph. v. Martins in den Jahren 1817 bis der ornithologischen Sammlung Josef Talsky's. 1820. Spixiana Suppl. 9: 35-42. Zprávy MOS 57: 137-156. Wüst, W. (1981): Avifauna Bavariae. vol. 1. Ornithologi- Hudecek, J., & Hanák, F. (2000): Die Vögel aus Europa in sche Gesellschaft in Bayern, Gebr. Geiselberger, Altöt- der naturhistorischen Sammlung von Adolf Schwab. ting. Zprávy MOS 58: 125-138. Wüst, W. (1986): Avifauna Bavariae. vol.11. Ornithologi- Jäckel, A. J. (1863): Die Vögel des unteren Aisch-, See- sche Gesellschaft in Bayern, Gebr. Geiselberger, Altöt- bach- und Aurachgrundes - Ein Beitrag zur Ornitholo- ting. gie Frankens. Sechster Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Bamberg: 30-107. Frank D. Steinheimer, The Natural History Museum, Jaeck, J. H. (1815): Taschenbuch auf 1815, enthaltend Beschreibungen von Naturalien- und Kunst-Sammlun- Bird Group, c/o Sylter Strasse 18, D-90425 Nürnberg, gen Johann Jakob Palm, Erlangen. Germany [...]. ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Bonn zoological Bulletin - früher Bonner Zoologische Beiträge. Jahr/Year: 2003 Band/Volume: 51 Autor(en)/Author(s): Steinheimer Frank D. Artikel/Article: Bamberg's Natural History Museum - the Scientific Significance of Small Collections 141-146