AutoCAD 2016® and AutoCAD LT® 2016 ESSENTIALS Scott Onstott Acquisitions Editor: Stephanie McComb Development Editor: Candace Cuningham Technical Editor: Ian le Cheminant Production Editor: Christine O’Connor Copy Editor: Kim Wimpsett Editorial Manager: Mary Beth Wakefi eld Production Manager: Kathleen Wisor Associate Publisher: Jim Minatel Book Designer: Happenstance Type-O-Rama Proofreader: Jen Larsen, Word One New York Indexer: Ted Laux Project Coordinator, Cover: Brent Savage Cover Designer: Wiley Cover Image: mbbirdy/iStockphoto Copyright © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN: 978-1-119-05918-9 ISBN: 978-1-119-05920-2 (ebk.) ISBN: 978-1-119-05919-6 (ebk.) 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If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visitwww.wiley.com. Library of Congress Control Number: 2015936337 TRADEMARKS: Wiley, the Wiley logo, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affi liates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. AutoCAD and Autodesk are registered trademarks of Autodesk, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Acknowledgments A team of people has been instrumental in making this book you are holding in your hands or reading onscreen a reality. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the professional team at Sybex (an imprint of Wiley) for all their hard work. It has been a pleasure working with my acquisitions editor, Stephanie McComb; developmental editor, Candace Cunningham; technical editor, Ian le Cheminant; and members of the editorial staff. About the Author Scott Onstott has published 11 books with Sybex prior to the present title: AutoCAD® 2015 and AutoCAD LT® 2015 Essentials, AutoCAD® 2014 and AutoCAD LT® 2014 Essentials,AutoCAD® 2013 and AutoCAD LT®2013 Essentials, AutoCAD® 2012 and AutoCAD LT® 2012 Essentials, Adobe® Photoshop® CS6 Essentials, Enhancing Architectural Drawings and Models with Photoshop,AutoCAD®: Professional Tips and Techniques (with Lynn Allen), Enhancing CAD Drawings with Photoshop, Mastering Autodesk®VIZ 20077 (with George Omura and Jon McFarland), Mastering Autodesk®Architectural Desktop 20066, and Autodesk® VIZ 20055 (with George Omura). Scott has worked on more than 20 other technical books as contributing author, reviser, compilation editor, or technical editor. He also wrote, narrated, and produced theSecrets in Plain Sight fi lm series (volumes 1 and 2) and wrote Quantifi cation: Illustrations from the Creator of Secrets in Plain Sight andTaking Measure: Explorations in Numberrr, Architecture, and Consciousness. Scott has a bachelor’s degree in architecture from University of California, Berkeley, and is a former university instructor who now serves as a consultant and independent video producer. He has written a column in Photoshop User Magazine since 2007. You can contact the author through his website at www.scottonstott.com orwww.secretsinplainsight.com. Contents at a Glance Introduction xi CHAPTER 1 Getting Started 1 CHAPTER 2 Gaining Basic Drawing Skills 15 CHAPTER 3 Using Drawing Aids 41 CHAPTER 4 Editing Entities 57 CHAPTER 5 Shaping Curves 83 CHAPTER 6 Controlling Object Visibility and Appearance 103 CHAPTER 7 Organizing Objects 129 CHAPTER 8 Hatching and Gradients 153 CHAPTER 9 Working with Blocks and Xrefs 171 CHAPTER 10 Creating and Editing Text 195 CHAPTER 11 Dimensioning 211 CHAPTER 12 Keeping In Control with Constraints 231 CHAPTER 13 Working with Layouts and Annotative Objects 245 CHAPTER 14 Printing and Plotting 267 CHAPTER 15 Working with Data 291 CHAPTER 16 Navigating 3D Models 321 CHAPTER 17 Modeling in 3D  341 CHAPTER 18 Presenting and Documenting 3D Design 373 APPENDIX Autodesk® AutoCAD 2016 Certifi cation 397 Index 401 Contents Introduction xi Chapter  Getting Started 1 Sign In to Autodesk 360 on the Start Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Explore the AutoCAD 2016 for Windows User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Set Drawing Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Chapter  Gaining Basic Drawing Skills 15 Navigate 2D Drawings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Draw Lines and Rectangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Cancel, Erase, and Undo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Use Coordinate Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Draw Circles, Arcs, and Polygons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Use Fillet and Chamfer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Chapter  Using Drawing Aids 41 Use Grid and Snap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Employ Ortho and Polar Tracking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Use PolarSnap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Select Running Object Snaps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Harness the From Snap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Apply Object Snap Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Chapter  Editing Entities 57 Create Selection Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Use Move and Copy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Use Rotate and Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Work with Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Use Trim and Extend. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Use Lengthen and Stretch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Use Offset and Mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Edit with Grips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 viii Contents Chapter  Shaping Curves 83 Draw and Edit Curved Polylines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Draw Ellipses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Shape Splines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Blend Between Objects with Splines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Chapter  Controlling Object Visibility and Appearance 103 Change Object Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Set the Current Layer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Alter the Layer Assignments of Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Control Layer Visibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Apply Linetype. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Assign Properties by Object or by Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Manage Layer Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Isolate Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Chapter  Organizing Objects  129 Defi ne Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Insert Blocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Edit Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Redefi ne Blocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Work with Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Chapter  Hatching and Gradients 153 Specify Hatch Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Associate Hatches with Boundaries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Hatch with Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Hatch with Gradients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Chapter  Working with Blocks and Xrefs  171 Work with Global Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Access Content Globally. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Store Content on Tool Palettes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Reference External Drawings and Images. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190