THE NAUTILUS 125(2):86-88, 2011 Page 86 Authorship and date of a key South American paper by Phillip P. King 1832) ( Eugene V. Goan1 Richard E. Petit Diego G. Zelaya SantaBarbaraMuseumofNatural History 806 St. Charles Road Division ZoologiaInvertebrados 2559 Puestadel Sol Road North Myrtle Beach, SC29582-2846 USA Museo de LaPlata SantaBarbara, CA94105-2936 USA [email protected] Paseodel Bosques/n [email protected] 1900 La Plata, ARGENTINA dzelaya@fenym unlp.edu.ar . ABSTRACT Captain Phillip P. King, R.N., F.R.S., &c., assisted byW. Broderip, Esq. F.R.S., & c.” An important paper describing many species of new marine J. and terrestrial mollusks from southern South America was It wall be noted that the “authorship” ofthis paper was publishedintheearly 1830s. Itsauthorshiphasbeen attributed oddlystyled, and it has also been assigned various publi- either to King and Broderip or to King alone, and its date has cation dates, both matters addressed here. been given variously as 1830, 1831, or 1832. We here contend that King alone should be considered its author and that it should bedatedas July1832. AUTHORSHIP Additional keywords: Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego, malacologi- calliterature The inclusion of Broderip seems to be an unusually placed acknowledgement, but we have seen similar examples used to emphasize an acknowledgment of a non-author. It is clearfrom the content ofthearticlethat King considered himselfto be its author. In the second INTRODUCTION paragraph ofthe article, hewrote: At the beginning of the 19th century, a number ofexpe- “In the description ofthe species I have the bene- ditions provided the first insights into the knowledge of fit of the advice and assistance of my friend the fauna from the southern tip of South America and Mr. Broderip; and to his knowledge ofthe subject, the adjacent Antarctic waters. In this regard, the results and the attention which he has devoted to my of H.M.S. Adventure and Beagle represent a pioneer collection, I owe in a great measure the paper contribution regarding mollusks, brachiopods, and bar- which I have now the satisfaction ofpresenting to nacles. A paper describing material from this expedition the public through the medium ofthe Zoological was published in the penultimate issue ofThe Zoological Journal” [emphasis supplied]. Journal Volume 5, Part 19, pages 332-349. The signifi- , cance of that paper arises in the descriptions of In several otherplaces intheintroductionandelsewhere 67 newspecies, including 14 species ofmarine bivalves- in the article. Kingreferredtothe authorofthe article as one of them the commercially important scallop Zygo- “I", andon p. 342, Kingagain referredto“myfriend, Mr. chlamys patagonicus, 24 species of marine gastropods, Broderip”. The runninghead of the article is “Capt. P. P. 2 chitons, 18 terrestrial gastropods, 4 freshwater gastro- King’s Description of Cirrhipedia, Conchifera, and pods, 3 barnacles, and 2 brachiopods. In addition, a new Mollusea.” gastropod genus, Marinula, was introduced. The title of It is notablethatwhen Broderip had reason to referto this non-illustratedpaper is: the species named in this paper, he always showed King alone as author. For example, in a paper read at the “Description of Cirrhipeda, Conchifera and Zoological Society of London on 29 February 1832, Mollusea, in a collection formed by the officers of Broderip (1832: 27) commented under his description H.M.S. Adventure and Beagle employed between of Chiton setosus that “This species is veiy distinct from theyears 1826 and 1830 in surveyingthe southern Chit, setiger, King, (Zook Journ. vol. v. p. 338) . . and coasts of South America, including the Straits of under C. frembleii Broderip (1832: 28) stated differ- Magalhaens and the coast ol Tierra del Fuego. By ences between it an,d “Chit, setiger King”. In the Penny , Cyclopedia article on Helix, Broderip (1838: 108) men- 1 Research Associate tioned Marinula King. 1 . E.V. Coan et ah, 201 Page 87 In addition to Broderip, many other authors attributed Sciences Naturelies had arrived describing one ol the the taxa described in this paper to simply “King”, among new species, and the type was then altered to accommo- them G. B. Sowerby I (1832), Catlow and Reeve (1845), date the footnote and to change the species name Agassiz (1848), Carpenter (1857), Iredale (1915), Pfeiffer footnoted. Thepapercould notthus have appeared until (1857), Suter (1913), andThiele (1929). after September 1831 On the other hand, d’Orbigny (1834-1847), in his Evidently, proofs ofthis paperwere made available to Voyage clans TAmerique Meridionale was inconsistent, some workers soon after September 1831. For example, , crediting some taxa to Broderip and others to King. The the barnacle Elminius leachii described on page 334 was frequent usage of “King & Broderip” appears to be a figured by G. B. Sowerby I in aworkthat appearedon 4 rather recent change in the second half of the 20th cen- January 1832. Sowerby (1832: unnumbered) stated that tury after Sherborn (1922-1933) credited the species to “Capt. King has named the species Elminius leachii, see “King & Broderip”. Marincovich (1973) used "King" Zool. Journ. vol. V. p. 334." There is a footnote on page when referring to the genus Marinula but “King & 334 ofthe Zoological Journal article statingthat the spe- , Broderip” in his Literature Cited. Powell (1960) and cies had already been named Elminius kingii Gray, per- Dell (1964) used “King” when referring to some species haps too late for the text to be changed, a fact not noted and “King & Broderip” when referring to others. The bySowerby. As notedabove, Broderipcitedtwoof King’s usage of “King & Broderip” became more common chitons in a meetingin February 1832. at the end of20t1' century, and is often the current usage For unknown reasons, this issue was withheld and not (Jonkers, 2003; Osorio, 2002; Pastorino, 2005a, b; distributed to subscribers until July 1832. In a review Pastorino and Harasewych, 2000; Reid and Osorio, published in November 1832, N. A. Vigors, the editor, 2000; Signorelli and Pastorino, 2011; Zelaya, 2005; noted that itwas “published in Julylast” alongwith some among manyothers). supplementary plates. This is the date given, without A modern work using the same type ol assistance explanation, by Sherborn (1922-1933) in his entries for acknowledgment is The American Museum of Natural the included species. Most subsequent authors have History Guide to Shells by W. K. Emerson and M. K. followed this (e.g., Jonkers, 2003; Pastorino 2005a, b; Jacobson (1976), “with the assistance ol Harold S. Pastorino and Harasewych, 2000; Reid and Osorio, Feinberg and William E. Old, Jr.” The Library ol Con- 2000; Signorelli and Pastorino, 2011; Zelaya, 2005; gress cataloging data has author as William K. Emerson amongothers). with Morris K. Jacobson as joint author, with Feinberg This paper was evidently King’s only contribution to and Old not mentioned. malacology. He published a number ofarticles on verte- Although the International Code on Zoological brates, geography, and meteorology. Most ol his material Nomenclature’s Article 50.1 (ICZN, 1999: 52) precludes from this key invertebrate paper is in The Natural His- the use ofoutside sources to determine authorship, we tory Museum in London. take the view that attribution to King is inherent in the paper, and that attribution to Kingby other authors, and CONCLUSIONS especially by Broderip himself, is confirmation ol our interpretation of the oddly phrased authorship on the The authorship of the paper often cited as of “King & paper. It is therefore our conclusion that King alone Broderip,”isattributabletoonlvP. P. Kingas arethe taxa should be regarded as author of the paper and of the describedtherein. The date ofthe paper should be cited includedtaxa. as July 1832. LITERATURE CITED DATE TheissueofTheZoological journalcontainingthispaper AgassiJze,ntLe.t G1a8s48s.maNno,mSeonlcoldautroiri[sSolzootohluorgni]c.ixi+nde1x13u5nipvpe.rsalis. wnoats sthmeooptehn.ulTthiemraeteisonneo, arenadltdhaetijnogurnoanl’sthoispepraarttioonfwtahse Brodeurnidpe,scWr.iJb.ed1,83w2h.ic[.h.f.oMromllpaurstcaofanthdeCcoonlelhecitfieornamhaitdheerbtyo volume. The cover of volume 5 is imprinted "From Mr. H. Cuming . . .]. Proceedings of the Zoological Soci- 1832-1834”, and the bottom ofthe cover is dated 1835. etyofLondon, for 1832[2](16): 25-33 (21 April) [individ- The Contents page for Part XIX containing this paper is ual species descriptions by W. Broderip and by G. B. | imprinted “July, 1830-September, 1831.”, which is obvi- Sowerby I, combinedbythe Secretaryin onetextblock], ously meaningless. This paper and its contained species Broderip, W.J. 1838. Helicidae. Pp. 104-111, in: C. Knight, have been dated byvarious authors as 1830, 1831, 1832, The Penny Cyclopaedia ofthe Society for the Diffusion and even 1835. ofUseful Knowledge. C. Knight, London.Vol. 12, 510pp. Pilsbry (1911: 525) seems to be the source ol the Carpenter, P.P. 1857. Reportonthepresentstateofourknowl- edge with regard to the Mollusca of the West coast of mistaken date of 1830, and this has been followed by North America. Report ofthe British Association for the some subsequent authors. A footnote in the King paper AdvancementofScience for 1856: 159-368, pis. 6-9. itself (p. 341) notes that, while the paper was being CatlowA. andL. Reeve. 1845.Theconchologist’s nomenclator. printed, the September 1831 issue of the Annales des Reeve Brothers, London, [1] + viii + 326pp. Page 88 THE NAUTILUS, Vol. 125, No. 2 Dell, R.K. 1964. Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Mollusca: Pfeiffer, L. 1857. Catalogue ofAurieulidae, Proserpinidae, and Amphineura, Scaphopoda and Bivalvia. Discovery Truncatellidae in the collection of the British Museum. Reports 33: 93-250,pis. 2-7. British Museum, London, [ii] + 150pp. Emerson, W.K. and M.K. Jacobson. 1976. The American Pilsbry, H.A. 1911. Non-marine Mollusca of Patagonia. Museum ofNatural Histoiyguide to shells - Nova Scotia ReportsofthePrincetonUniversityexpeditionstoPatago- to Florida. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 482 + xviii pp., nia, 1896-18993(5): 513-633,pis. 38-47 + 5. 46pis. Powell, A.W.B. 1960. Antarctic and Subantarctic Mollusca. ICZN [InternationalCommissiononZoological Nomenclature], Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 5: 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 117-193. 4th ed.International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, Reid, D.G. and C. Osorio. 2000. The shallow-water marine London,xxix+ 306pp. Mollusca ofthe Estero Elefantes and Laguna San Rafael, Iredale, T. 1915. AcommentaryofSuter's “Manual ofthe New southern Chile. Bulletin ofthe Natural History Museum Zealand Mollusca.” Transactions of the New Zealand ofLondon (Zoology) 66 (2): 109-146. Institute, 47: 417—497. Sherborn, C.D. 1922-1933. Index Animalium sive index Jonkers, II.A. 2003. Late Cenozoie-Reeent Pectinidae nominum quae ab A.D. MDCCLVIII generibus et (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Southern Ocean and specibus animalium imposita sunt. Section Secunda. A neighbouring regions. Monograph on Marine Mollusca5: kalendis Ianuariis, MDCCCI usque ad finem Deeembris, viii + 1-125. MDCCCL. British Museum (Natural History), London. King, P.P. 1832 (July). Description ofCirrhipeda, Conchifera [Issued in 33parts: 1, [i]-exxxii, 1-128, 1922; 2, 129-384, and Mollusca, in a collection formed by the officers ofH. exxxiii-cxxxvi, 1923;3,385-640, 1923;4, 641-943, 1924;5, M.S. Adventure and Beagle employed between the years 945—1196, 1924; 6, 1197-1452, 1925; 7, [exxxvii]-cxxxix, 1826 and 1830 in surveying the southern coasts ofSouth 1925; 8, 1773-2008, 1925; 9, 2009-2248, 1926; 10, 2249- America, including the Straits of Magalhaens and the 2568, 1926; 11, 2569-2880, 1926; 12, 2881-3136, 1927; coast ofTierra del Fuego [“assisted by W. Broderip”]. 13, 3137-3392, 1927; 14, 3393-3746, 1927; 15, 3747- J. ZoologicalJournal5(19): 332-349. 3970, 1928; 16, 3971-4194, 1928; 17, 4195-4450, 1928; Marincovich, L. 1973. Intertidal mollusks of Iquique, Chile. 18, 4451-1690, 1929; 19, 4691-4930, 1929; 20, 4931- Natural History Museum ofLos Angeles County, Science 5138, 1929; 21, 5139-5348, 1929; 22, 5349-5701, 1930; Bulletin 16: 1-49. 23, 5703-5910, 1930; 24, 5911-6118, 1930; 25, 6119- d'Orbigny, A.D. 1834-1847. Voyage dans l’Amerique 6358, 1931; 26, 6359-6582, 1931; 27, 6583-6806, 1931; Meridionale . . . execute pendant les annees 1826 . . . 28, 6807-7056, 1932; 29, [i]-vii, exxxiii-cxlviii, 1-208, 1833,.... 5(3)[Mollusques]: xliii + 758, 85pis. [in Atlas]. 1932; 30, 209-416, 1932; 31, 417-654, 1932; 32, 655-878, Paris (Bertrand) & Strasbourg (Levrault). Pp. 1-48, 1933; 33, 879-1098, 1933.] 73-128, pis. 1, 2, 9-13, 15, 16, 56, 1834 [pis. 1, 2: 14 Signorelli J.H. and G. Pastorino. 2011. Revision of the Nov.]; pp. 49-72, 129-176, pis. 3-8, 17-23, 25, 55, 1835 magellanic Mactridae Lamarck, 1809 (Bivalvia: [pis. 18, 19, 22: 13 March; pi. 4: 18 May; pi. 3: 1 June; pp. Heterodonta). 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