AUSTRALIAN ALPS MINING HERITAGE CONSERVATION & PRESENTATION STRATEGY APPENDIX 1 SITE GAZETTEERS 67 APPENDIX 1: SITE GAZETTEERS A selection of Site Gazetteers for some important Alps National Parks mining sites (not included in the sample Heritage Action Plans) is presented here. These Gazetteers can be used as templates for further recording of important mining sites/landscapes that may be undertaken by or on behalf of Parks Victoria and the National Parks & Wildlife Service of NSW. Summary information only is included. Acknowledgement is given to the North East Victoria and Gippsland reports produced by the Historic Gold Mining Sites Assessment Project (Victorian Goldfields Project), for some information on Victorian sites, and Mike Pearson’s Kosciusko report (1979) for some information on NSW sites. Sites included are: Brandy Creek Mine, Bogong Unit, Alpine National Park p 70 Accommodation Creek Copper Mine, Snowy River National Park 71 Lobbs Hole Copper Mine, Kosciusko National Park 72 Mt Murphy Wolfram Mine, Mt Murphy Historic Area 73 The Tin Mine, Kosciusko National Park 74 Good Hope Mine, Grant Historic Area 75 Grey Mare Mine, Kosciusko National Park 76 Maude & Yellow Girl Mine, Mt Wills Historic Area 77 Mt Moran Mine, Mt Wills Historic Area 78 Red Robin Mine, Bogong Unit, Alpine National Park 79 Champion Mine Battery Site, Bogong Unit, Alpine National Park 80 Razorback Mine, Bogong Unit, Alpine National Park 81 (Template for Site Gazetteers) 82 __________________________________________________________________________________ Map references are AGD 1966 grid references. 69 ID Name BRANDY CREEK MINE Other Names White’s workings, Cobungra sluicing works, Umaeri GMC’s workings; includes Cobungra township. Location Beside Brandy Creek Fire Trail, on a spur between Murphy’s & Brandy creeks, approximately one kilometre from the Great Alpine Road. Map Ref AMG 517480E, 5904170N (pit) M’ment Status Bogong Unit, Alpine National Park Si te History The Cobungra River was worked for gold in the 1850’s, and Brandy Creek from the mid-1860’s. White worked the deep lead in the 1870’s, but the peak years were the 1880’s, when the Cobungra GMC hydraulic-sluiced over a million cubic yards of material, working a face up to 100’ high. A small township existed at this time, with stores & hotels. The Umaeri GMC worked the claim into the 1920’s, sluicing & tunnelling. Site The site consists of a large area of hydraulic sluicing, bounded by high remnant faces on the south and west sides. On the spur below the workings, and extending into & down Murphy’s Creek, are extensive ground sluicing Description works, with low wind-rowed shingle heaps. Some archaeological evidence of occupation sites shows in the main sluicing pit, but the old Brandy Creek (Cobungra) township site has not been located, nor has the machinery site where a battery was installed to crush cement. A large water race crosses the access track to the mine. In terpretation The main pit is excavated on the exposure of a basalt covered, gold-bearing deep lead (palaeo-river), and the O f Features associated ground sluicing is on thin hill soils derived from erosion of the lead. Water for hydraulic sluicing was brought by water races, the largest of which is on the hillside above the main pit. The gold deposits were extensive & rich enough to support a small settlement. C ondition The features are generally in good condition, but there is evidence of some post-mining gravel removal. The high sluicing faces have slumped into the pit. Threats The only threats to the site are from further gravel removal. Identified It is assumed that risk assessments & action have already been undertaken, as an open shaft beside the track has been mesh-capped. Public Risk N etworks Brandy Creek – Boiler Plain – Tabletop – Dargo High Plains (related deep lead workings) Historic 3.4.1 Mining (Utilising natural resources); 5.1 Working in harsh conditions. Themes Si gnificance State. Best example of high altitude sluicing in State; shows rare, extensive hillside ground-sluicing; has archaeological potential to reveal information about living conditions at an early period of mining in the Australian Alps Existing Use None Access Accessed by walking (MVO) track from Great Alpine Road. Tourism High. Has potential for development as an interpretive site, because of its location, significance, visual qualities, and ease of access. Potential R ef “Ghost Towns of the High Country”, L Steenhuis, 1998, pp6-7; “Cobungra Alluvial Gold Mine”, Kenny, 1934, (Records, GSV); “The History of Gold Discovery in Victoria”, Flett, 1970, pp159-160. A ssessed by Rob Kaufman Date November 2001 70 ID Name ACCOMMODATION CREEK COPPER MINE Other Names Black Snake Copper Mine, Mt Bowen Copper Mine Location Situated on the Park boundary, approx 2.5km south of Deddick. Map Ref AMG 632900E, 5892500N M’ment Status Snowy River National Park Site History The lode was probably discovered in 1899, although in 1929 it was said to have been known for over 60 years. Little work was done before 1907. Two adits had been dug and minor production recorded by 1929. Regular mining began in 1959, by the Victorian Refining & Smelting Co. Gippsland Minerals NL operated the mine on a larger scale in 1969-70. The mine, referred to as relatively low-grade, closed in 1971. Site Workings consist of shafts, trenches & adits, and associated mullock dumps. The main adit is at creek level, and connects to an internal shaft. There are the remains of a battery shed, with an upper & lower concrete floor. Description The battery standards (oregon), camshaft & flywheel remain standing on the upper floor, but the stems & box lie scattered around the site. Scattered machinery fragments lie around the lower floor. Below the battery shed is a small, full slum dam. Interpretation The features left at the site show the relatively-recent remnants of small copper mining and concentrating Of Features operation. The ore, mined from the main adit & internal shaft, was crushed in the battery, and presumeably passed over concentrating tables (eg Wilfley tables). The copper concentrates must have been trucked away for further processing, as no smelter site is in evidence at the site. Condition Battery Site: Fair. The battery shed is a ruin, and the battery box has been blown up. However, the surviving inventory of relic machinery & parts is still relatively good, compared to other, similar mining sites. Workings & dam: Good. Threats Major threats are wildfire (wooden standards etc); pilfering of relic machinery & scrap. Identified Not assessed. Public Risk Networks Accommodation Creek Copper Mine – Deddick – Bonang-Gelantipy Road – other base metal mines in Snowy River NP. Historic 3.4.1 Mining (Utilising natural resources). Themes Significance Regional. Has historical significance, because copper mining was a minor industry in the State, and few sites survive; Has scientific significance for the range of surviving features associated with copper mining. Existing Use None Access Via track from Bonang-Gelantipy Road Tourism Low. Situated in remote area, and presents management & maintenance constraints. Potential Ref GSV Bulletin 61, G Cochrane, 1982, pp135-138. Assessed by Rob Kaufman Date December 2001 71 ID Name LOBBS HOLE COPPER MINE Other Names - Location Situated on Yarrangobilly River, upstream of its intersection with the Tumut River. Map Ref AMG 626700E, 6037950N M’ment Status Kosciusko National Park Site History Lobbs Hole was an old stopping place on the road to the Kiandra diggings, and copper ore may have been discovered as early as 1866. Mining began in 1874, and continued through the 1890’s. Peak years were the first decade of 1900’s. In 1907 the Lobs Hole Copper Mining Co was formed, and they built a smelter, poppetheads & 38HP turbine fed by pipes from a water race. Mining ceased in 1916, and the syndicate was folded up in 1919. Site The site is quite open, and consists of mine workings (4 visible shafts: two with mullock dumps and two mesh- capped & with mullock removed), a small open cut, and a smelter site. Beside the river, there are concrete Description footings with iron bolts, and some scrap parts of earlier pieces of machinery. A small cutting is visible to the north of No 1 shaft. The smelter site is principally heaped brick-rubble and twisted ironwork. There is a partly- excavated pile of slag from the furnace. More features may be hidden under blackberry & scrub growth. Interpretation The concrete footings beside the river are associated with a Pelton wheel power plant. The small cutting formerly Of Features contained a tramway that connected No 1 Shaft to the smelter. The workings are distributed within a narrow line, approximating the line of the copper lode. This mine was large enough to support a sizeable township (Ravine) during its peak years. Condition Condition is generally poor – fair. The smelter site is very degraded, and a few visible bricks laid on the ground may be all that remains of the former structure. The area around the two meshed shafts is disturbed, and all mullock has been removed. The open cut also appears disturbed. The concrete footings are in good condition. Threats The site is threatened by further mullock removal, and use of materials for camp-site fireplaces (bricks). Identified No 1 Shaft shows signs of recent subsidence; more shafts may exist under the blackberry growth. Other copper mines in the vicinity were not inspected. Public Risk Networks Lobbs Hole Copper Mine – water race (to provide water from turbine) – adjacent copper mines – Ravine township site & Washington Hotel ruins – Kiandra road – Kiandra. Historic 3.4.1 Mining (Utilising natural resources). Themes Significance Regional. Existing Use Camping area Access Via dirt track off Cabramurra – Kiandra road Tourism Medium. The site is accessible by 2WD vehicle, and is a designated camping place. Lobbs Hole Copper Mine could be interpreted as part of wider interpretation of Lobbs Hole/Ravine, and the road to the Kiandra diggings. Potential Ref “The Copper Mining Industry of NSW”, J Carne, 1908 (Min Resources 6), pp384-387; “Copper Mines in the Yarrangobilly-Lobs Hole Area”, M Pearson, 1979 (NPWS). Assessed by Rob Kaufman & Lorraine Thompson Date October 2001 72 ID Name MT MURPHY WOLFRAM MINE Other Names Brookfield’s Lease; Benambra Wolfram Syndicate mine Location Western slopes of Mt Murphy Map Ref AMG 590200E, 5935400N M’ment Status Mt Murphy Historic Area Site History The deposit was first discovered in about 1890, but by 1906 only a few shallow cuts had been made. The Benambra Wolfram Syndicate was formed in 1907, and erected plant. In 1913, the Mt Murphy Wolfram Mining Co was floated. Work continued until 1920, with £9601 of wolfram produced. The mine was briefly re-opened in 1942 by the Controller of Mineral Production, because of wartime tungsten demand. Last mined in 1943. Site Workings consist of two adits on the main reef, and two more on a smaller reef. An upper site adjacent to No 2 Description Adit contains a concrete floor, battery foundations, a Wilfley table, an a scatter of machinery parts. A tailings pond is part of this site. A lower site, approximately 220m to the NW and formerly connected to the upper site by an inclined tramway, contains a long benched platform, a loading ramp, and substantial concrete foundations. At the eastern end of this platform is a scatter of artefacts, including battery, pump, engine & boiler parts. Interpretation The upper site appears to be the remnants of the 1907 plant, while the lower site is the remnants of the 1913 plant, Of Features financed by the floating of the company. During WWII, plant had to be re-erected at the mine, because most of the original plant had been removed by 1922. It is presumed the new plant was installed at the lower site. Crushing & concentration only were carried out on site. Concentrates were trucked out for refining. Condition Poor – fair. The upper site has been heavily scavenged and integrity is low. Lower site is less disturbed. Threats Not assessed. Identified Not assessed. Public Risk Networks None. Historic 3.4.1 Mining (Utilising natural resources). Themes Significance Regional. Has scientific significance, for the large collection of mining relics associated with this form of mining; Has archaeological potential to reveal information about the technological history of mining. Existing Use None Access Via Mt Hope Track, or Aust Alps Walking Track Tourism Low. Limited by the remoteness of the site; accessible from the Australian Alps Walking Track. Potential Ref “Mt Murphy Wolfram Mine”, J Kenny, in Mining & Geol Journal, Vol 3 No 4, Sept 1948, pp47-49; “Wolfram at Mt Murphy”, EJ Dunn, 1906, Records of the GSV, Vol II Part 2, pp120-121. Assessed by Rob Kaufman Date October 2001 73 ID Name THE TIN MINE Other Names Includes Charlie Carter’s huts. Location In remote country near Mt Pilot in southern NSW Alps, on the Australian Alps Walking Track (AAWT). Map Ref AMG 611000E, 5938000N M’ment Status Kosciusko NP, Southern Region Site History First alluvial tin discovered 1875. By 1892, a good deal of alluvial tin had been won, and numerous shafts up to 40’ deep had been sunk on a tin-bearing quartz reef, James Pendergast was a claimholder. No further activity is recorded until 1936, when the Mt Pilot Tin Syndicate NL was formed. Road access from Benambra, Vic, was cut, buildings erected, water races cut, etc, but little tin was produced. Charlie Carter moved here in the late 1940’s (?). Site The site has a collection of corrugated iron huts, including a one-room hut, SMA 2-roomed hut, a ruined workshop, and several workers huts. Workings consist of water races, shafts, sluicing works etc, but are yet to be surveyed. Description (Information from NPWS Historic Sites database). Interpretation As well as mine workings, the broader site contains evidence of Charlie Carter’s occupation, evidence of the Mt Pilot Of F eatures Tin Syndicate NL’s infrastructure, and evidence of the operations of the Snowy Mountains Authority hydrological station (set up in 1954). Condition Not assessed. Thr eats Not assessed in field. Wildfire would be a major threat to buildings. Identified Not assessed. Pub lic Risk Networks Charlie Carters/Tin Mine Huts – water race & track networks – alluvial diggings on Tin Mine and other creeks in the vicinity – tin lode workings near Mt Pilot. His toric 3.4.1 Mining (Utilising natural resources); 3.1.6 Struggling with remoteness, hardship & failure; 1.3 Assessing scientifically diverse environments; 8.11 Making Australian folklore. The mes Significance State. Has historical significance for the wide variety of important historic themes represented. Has scientific significance for the range of extant huts & the information they contain, and for the range of tin workings (primary & alluvial). Exi sting Use Shelter, on Aust Alps Walking Track Access MVO track (AAWT) from Alpine Way Tou rism Medium. Limited by remoteness, but has interesting history and is a rare cultural site in a wilderness location. Pot ential Ref “Mt Pilot Tin & Gold Deposits”, 1860-1956, Report No MR02460, DIGS on-line database, DMR, NSW. Assessed by Rob Kaufman Date October 2001 74 ID Name GOOD HOPE MINE O ther Names Old Good Hope Mine; site includes New Good Hope Mine (Good Hope Consolidated) L ocation OGH: At head of Good Hope Creek; NGH: On spur between McMillan’s Track & Crooked River M ap Ref AMG 509000E, 5867500N (Old) M’ment Status Grant Historic Area Site History The Good Hope reef was opened in 1864, and the first treatment plant installed in 1865. Four adit levels and an internal shaft were used, and the mine outlived and out-produced all others on the field. A 5th adit was commenced from the other side of the spur in 1906 (New Good Hope), but was unsuccessful. Total recorded production was over 23,000 ounces of gold, with £27,000 paid in dividends. Site The Old Good Hope site has 4 adit levels & mullock heaps, with traces of tracks & inclined tramways. Ore trucks, rail lines & the remains of a winch are extant. At the treatment plant, there is a boiler, horizontal steam engine, 8-h D escription battery, brick reverbaratory furnace, concentrating pans, etc, as well as hut sites, water race, & dam. At the New Good Hope (No 5 Adit) there is a standing, iron-framed 5-h battery and a portable steam engine. The adit has a large mullock dump, and 2 ore trucks are visible. Other features may exist at either site. Interpretation The site(s) show the progress of operations, from the early surface workings, to the various adit levels downhill. O f Features The location of the New Good Hope adit on the other side of the spur was dictated by the dip of the reef, and the prevailing topography. The machinery relics show the introduction of new technologies to the site. Condition Not assessed. T hreats Not assessed. Identified Not assessed Pu blic Risk N etworks Old Good Hope – New Good Hope – Grant township site – Grant Cemetery – Mc Millan’s Track (Talbotville road) – Crooked River diggings & quartz mines. H istoric 3.4.1 Mining (Utilising natural resources). T hemes Significance State. Outstanding range of extant relics that show the development of mining & processing technologies. Excellent representative example of this type of mining, that predominated in the eastern ranges of Victoria. E xisting Use None Access Via foot track from Grant-Talbotville road Tourism High. Limited by remoteness, but with improved access, potential would be enhanced. Site has a remarkable array of features relating to an early period of quartz mining in Victoria. Po tential Ref “Victoria’s Forgotten Goldfield”, Christie & Gray, 1981, pp70-85. A ssessed by Rob Kaufman Date November 2001 75 ID Name GREY MARE MINE Other Names Bogong Reef; site includes Grey Mare Hut and Bogong (alluvial) gold diggings. Location Jagungal Wilderness, on Australian Alps Walking Track. Map Ref AMG 620100E, 5991600N M’ment Status Kosciusko NP, Southern Region Site History The Bogong Lead was discovered by Williams & party in 1894, and the limited ground was worked by 30 men. The Bogong (Grey Mare) Reef was discovered in 1895, and several claims were taken up & worked. Production in 1902 was over 1000oz. New machinery was erected in 1915. The mine was re-opened by a syndicate in the mid-1930’s, and in 1950 a company was installing a 10-h battery and continuing driving in a lower adit. Site The site has not been sufficiently recorded to provide a comprehensive description. The Grey Mare Hut and the relic machinery (including dismantled stamp battery) are well known, but the mine workings (of various ages) Description along the line of reef, and the Bogong alluvial diggings, have not been described. Interpretation The bogong (Grey Mare) Reef was the source of the gold worked in the Bogong Lead (product of the erosion of Of Features the outcrop of the quartz reef). Condition The remnant machinery is in fair-good condition, and the Grey Mare Hut is maintained. Grey Mare diggings hut in ruins. Diggings and quartz reef workings have not been assessed. Threats Not assessed. Identified Not assessed. Public Risk Networks Grey Mare Mine – other reef workings on line – huts – Bogong diggings. Historic 3.4.1 Mining (Utilising natural resources); 5.1 Working in harsh conditions. Themes Significance State. Has scientific significance, for remnant machinery & huts, and workings of various eras, that offer information on the history of mining. Outstanding example of relationship between reef & alluvial mining. Existing Use Hut provides emergency shelter Access Via Grey Mare Track (Aust Alps Walking Track) Tourism Medium. Has some potential for interpretation as a cultural and geological site, on the Australian Alps Walking Track. Has management constraints because of remoteness of site. Potential Ref “Geology of the Snowy Mts Area – Prog Report No 1 – Toolong”, Hall & Lloyd, 1950 (Geol Survey of NSW). Assessed by Rob Kaufman Date November 2001 76 ID Name MAUDE & YELLOW GIRL MINE Other Names Includes Yellow Girl Mine, and workings on Maude & Homeward Bound reefs. Location The three component sites are at Glen Valley, and along Mt Wills Creek near its junction with the Big River. Map Ref 541280E, 5918770N (1941 plant) M’ment Status Mining licences within Mt Wills HA Site History Gold-bearing quartz reefs were worked at Mt Wills from 1891. The Yellow Girl, Maude & Homeward Bound reefs were opened in 1892, and by the end of the decade were amalgamated under one company. The Maude & Yellow Girl Co was formed in 1931, and erected new plant. In 1941 the company erected a new battery and worked till 1952. Other parties then worked until 1967. 103,556 oz of gold were produced by 1952. Site 3 sites: The No 5 Adit site consists of a large, partly-quarried mullock dump, large adit, large workshop with generating plant, smaller machinery shed, and abundant scrap mining plant. The 1931 machinery site consists of Description an adit & mullock dumps, and a number of joined sheds containing remnant machinery & engines, including a large Pelton wheel. The 1941 plant consists of a large battery shed (containing 20-h battery, jigs, Pelton wheel plant etc), ore bins, cone crusher, conveyor belt, extensive sand dam, scrap machinery & plant, etc. Interpretation The features show the lowest tunnel workings on the reef (No 5 Adit), and a succession of plants (machinery sites) Of Features where processing took place. Power supply can be seen in two large Pelton wheel plants, and associated water race, piping etc. Condition Condition of buildings at 1931 site is poor, and they are probably beyond simple repair. At 1941 site, main building is in fair condition, except for rear wall, which is being threatended by collapsed ore bins behind. Machinery at all sites is in fair-good condition. Buildings at No 5 Adit are in fair condition. Threats Major threats are continued deterioration of structures, fire, vandalism, and theft. Identified Open mine workings (not inspected or assessed), structural integrity of buildings. Public Risk Networks No 5 Adit – 1931 Plant & Yellow Girl Adit – 1941 Plant – connecting tracks & water races – Glen Valley township. Historic 3.4.1 Mining (Utilising natural resources). Themes Significance State. Highest producing reef mine in eastern Victoria, outside Walhalla-Woods Point belt. Scientific importance for the range of intact buildings, machinery & technologies (including flotation). Existing Use Current Mining Licence/s Access By short tracks from Omeo Highway Tourism High. Sites easily accessible from Omeo Highway, and has high tourism potential for presentation as a major & well-preserved gold mining operation. Potential Ref “Geology of the Glen Wills & Sunnyside Goldfields”, Crohn, 1958; Mining & Geol Journal, Jan 1938, pp21-23. Assessed by Rob Kaufman Date December 2001 77