MEMORANDUMREPORTNO.169 AN AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR FRIESS LAKE WASHINGTON COUNTY WISCONSIN SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN FRIESS LAKE ADVANCEMENT ASSOCIATION REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS KENOSHA COUNTY RACINE COUNTY Karl Glunz, President Amy Oldenhoff, Vice-President Anita M. Faraone Susan S. Greenfield Chan Siefert, Secretary Adelene Greene Mary A. Kacmarcik Jill Pezewski, Treasurer Robert W. Pitts Michael J. Miklasevich Allen Fritz Dick Koch MILWAUKEE COUNTY WALWORTH COUNTY Herb Perske William R. Drew, Richard A. Hansen, Penny Phillips Treasurer Vice-Chairman Jim Stefonich Lee Holloway Gregory L. Holden George A. Torres Allen L. Morrison VILLAGE OF RICHFIELD OZAUKEE COUNTY WASHINGTON COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS Thomas H. Buestrin, John M. Jung Chairman Daniel S. Schmidt Diane Pedersen, President William E. Johnson David L. Stroik Toby Cotter, Administrator Gustav W. Wirth, Jr., Secretary Rock Brandner John Jeffords WAUKESHA COUNTY Chuck Kugel Dan Neu James T. Dwyer Anselmo Villareal Paul G. Vrakas SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION STAFF Philip C. Evenson, AICP ............................................ Executive Director Kenneth R. Yunker, PE ................................................. Deputy Director Nancy M. Anderson, AICP ........... Chief Community Assistance Planner Christopher T. Hiebert ............................ Chief Transportation Engineer Michael G. Hahn, PE, PH ....................... Chief Environmental Engineer Elizabeth A. Larsen .................................................. Business Manager John G. McDougall .............. Geographic Information Systems Manager John R. Meland .......................... Chief Economic Development Planner Dr. Donald M. Reed ......................................................... Chief Biologist Kenneth J. Schlager, PE ............... Chief Telecommunications Engineer Donald P. Simon, RLS ..................................... Chief Planning Illustrator William J. Stauber, AICP .................................. Chief Land Use Planner Special acknowledgement is due to Dr. Jeffrey A. Thornton, CLM, PH, and Dr. Thomas M. Slawski, SEWRPC Principal Planners; Mr. Aaron W. Owens and Ms. Sara Wilder Teske, SEWRPC Research Analysts; Mr. Edward J. Schmidt, SEWRPC GIS Planning Specialist; and Mr. Michael A. Borst, SEWRPC Research Aide, for their contri- butions to the conduct of this study and the preparation of this report. MEMORANDUM REPORT NUMBER 169 AN AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR FRIESS LAKE WASHINGTON COUNTY, WISCONSIN Prepared by the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission W239 N1812 Rockwood Drive P.O. Box 1607 Waukesha, Wisconsin 53187-1607 www.sewrpc.org The preparation of this publication was financed in part through a grant from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Lake Management Planning Grant Program. June 2008 $10.00 (This page intentionally left blank) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Page Chapter I—INTRODUCTION ........................ 1 Aquatic Plant Management ........................... 44 Background ......................................................... 2 Array of Management Measures ............. 44 Aquatic Plant Management Program Physical Measures ............................ 45 Goals and Objectives ....................................... 2 Mechanical Measures ....................... 45 Manual Measures ............................. 45 Chapter II—INVENTORY FINDINGS .......... 5 Chemical Measures .......................... 47 Introduction ......................................................... 5 Biological Measures ......................... 47 Waterbody Characteristics ................................... 5 Recommended Management Tributary Area and Land Measures .............................................. 48 Use Characteristics ........................................... 5 Shoreline Protection Management ................ 49 Population ..................................................... 7 Array of Management Measures ............. 49 Land Uses ..................................................... 7 Recommended Management Shoreline Protection Structures ........................... 10 Measures .............................................. 50 Water Quality ...................................................... 10 Water Quality Management .......................... 50 Water Clarity ................................................. 10 Array of Management Measures ............. 50 Dissolved Oxygen ......................................... 18 Recommended Management Pollution Loadings and Sources .......................... 21 Measures .............................................. 52 Phosphorus Loadings .................................... 22 Fisheries Management ................................... 52 Sediment Loadings ........................................ 23 Array of Management Measures ............. 52 Urban Heavy Metals Loadings ..................... 24 Habitat Protection ............................. 53 Trophic Status ...................................................... 25 Species Composition ........................ 53 Aquatic Plants: Distribution Recommended Management and Management Areas .................................... 26 Measures .............................................. 53 Changes in Aquatic Plant Recreational Use Management ...................... 54 Abundances and Community Array of Management Measures ............. 54 Composition .............................................. 26 Recommended Management Regional Perspective ..................................... 28 Measures .............................................. 54 Implications for Aquatic Tributary Area Measures Related Plant Management ..................................... 29 to Aquatic Plant Management .......................... 54 Aquatic Plant Species of Land Use Management .................................. 54 Special Significance .................................. 32 Control of Nonpoint Source Pollution ........... 55 Past and Present Aquatic Plant Array of Protection Measures ........................ 56 Management Practices ............................... 32 Urban Nonpoint Source Controls ............ 56 Fisheries and Wildlife .......................................... 34 Nonpoint Source Pollution WDNR-Designated Sensitive Areas Control in Developed and Critical Species Habitat ...................... 36 Urban Areas .................................. 56 Recreational Uses and Facilities .......................... 39 Nonpoint Source Pollution Local Ordinances ................................................. 41 Control in Developing Urban Areas .................................. 56 Chapter III—ALTERNATIVE AND Rural Nonpoint Source Controls ............. 57 RECOMMENDED AQUATIC PLANT Recommended Management Measures ......... 57 MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ................... 43 Ancillary Plan Recommendations ........................ 57 Introduction ......................................................... 43 Public Informational and In-Lake Aquatic Plant and Related Educational Programming .......................... 57 Management Measures .................................... 44 Summary .............................................................. 58 iii LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix Page A Riparian Buffer Effectiveness Analysis ........................................................................................... 65 Figure A-1 Relationship of Total Suspended Solids Removal Effectiveness to Riparian Buffer Width ....................................................... 68 Figure A-2 Relationship of Total Nitrogen Removal Effectiveness to Riparian Buffer Width ...................................................................... 68 Figure A-3 Relationship of Nitrate Removal Effectiveness to Riparian Buffer Width ...................................................................... 69 Figure A-4 Relationship of Total Phosphorus Removal Effectiveness to Riparian Buffer Width ...................................................................... 69 Figure A-5 Macroinvertebrate Index of Biotic Integrity Scores and Average Buffer Width ............................................................................... 72 Figure A-6 Range of Buffer Widths for Providing Specific Buffer Functions .............................. 73 B Aquatic Plant Illustrations for Friess Lake and Little Friess Lake ................................................... 79 C Village of Richfield Recreational Boating Ordinance ...................................................................... 99 LIST OF TABLES Table Page Chapter II 1 Hydrology and Morphometry of Friess Lake: 2007 ......................................................................... 7 2 Population and Households within the Direct and Total Areas Tributary to Friess Lake: 1963-2000 ............................................................................ 10 3 Existing and Planned Land Use within the Total Area Tributary to Friess Lake: 2000 and 2035 ................................................................................. 12 4 Estimated Annual Pollutant Loadings to Friess Lake By Land Use Category: 2000 ....................... 23 5 Estimated Annual Pollutant Loadings to Friess Lake By Land Use Category: 2035 ....................... 24 6 Aquatic Plant Species Observed in Friess Lake: July 2005 ............................................................. 27 7 Aquatic Plant Species Observed in Little Friess Lake: July 2005 .................................................... 28 8 Abundances of Aquatic Plants from Friess Lake Macrophyte Surveys ........................................... 29 9 Positive Ecological Significance of Aquatic Plant Species Present in Friess Lake and Little Friess Lake: 2005 ......................................................................... 31 10 Chemical Control of Aquatic Plants in Friess Lake: 1950-2003 ...................................................... 33 11 Fish Stocked into Friess Lake ........................................................................................................... 37 12 Watercraft Docked or Moored on Friess Lake: 2005 ....................................................................... 40 13 Watercraft in Use on Friess Lake: July 2007.................................................................................... 41 14 Recreational Use in/on Friess Lake: July 2007 ................................................................................ 41 15 Land Use Regulations within the Area Tributary to Friess Lake in Washington County By Civil Division: 2003 ..................................................................... 42 Chapter III 16 Recommended Management Plan Elements for Friess Lake ........................................................... 59 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Chapter II 1 Primary Water Quality Indicators for Friess Lake: 1977-2007 ........................................................ 15 2 Primary Water Quality Indicators for Little Friess Lake: 2000-2006 .............................................. 17 3 Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature Profiles for Friess Lake: 2001-2006 ...................................... 19 4 Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature Profiles for Little Friess Lake: 2001-2006 ............................. 20 5 Largemouth Bass Length Distribution in Friess Lake: 2007 ............................................................ 35 6 Bluegill and Black Crappie Length Distribution in Friess Lake: 2007 ............................................ 35 Chapter III 7 Plant Canopy Removal with An Aquatic Plant Harvester ................................................................ 46 8 Recommended Alternatives For Shoreline Erosion Control ............................................................ 51 LIST OF MAPS Map Page Chapter II 1 Location of Friess Lake .................................................................................................................... 6 2 Bathymetric Map of Friess Lake ...................................................................................................... 8 3 Civil Division Boundaries within the Total Tributary Area to Friess Lake ..................................... 9 4 Existing Land Use within the Total Tributary Area to Friess Lake: 2000 ....................................... 11 5 Planned Land Use within the Total Tributary Area to Friess Lake: 2035 ........................................ 13 6 Shoreline Protection Structures on Friess Lake: 2005 ...................................................................... 14 7 Aquatic Plant Community Distribution in Friess Lake: 2005 .......................................................... 30 8 Wetlands, Woodlands, and Natural Areas within the Total Tributary Area to Friess Lake: 2000 ................................................................................. 38 Chapter III 9 Recommended Management Plan Elements for Friess Lake ........................................................... 61 v (This page intentionally left blank) Chapter I INTRODUCTION Friess Lake, located in the Village of Richfield,1 Washington County, Wisconsin, is a 119-acre through-flow lake. Friess Lake is a valuable natural resource and offers a variety of recreational and related opportunities to the resident community and its visitors. The Lake is located on the Oconomowoc River entirely within U.S. Public Land Survey Township 9 North, Range 19 East, Sections 17 and 18, in the Village of Richfield, in Washington County. In recent years, the recreational and aesthetic values of Friess Lake have been perceived to be adversely affected by excessive aquatic plant growth within portions of the Lake. Seeking to improve the usability and to prevent the deterioration of the natural assets and recreational potential of the Lake, the Friess Lake community has worked to coordinate and undertake various lake management activities for the protection of Friess Lake, including the creation of an appropriate citizen-based organization and the conduct of aquatic plant management measures.2 With the active participation of the citizen-based lake organizations, the Friess Lake community, in cooperation with the Village of Richfield, requested a further review and update of the aquatic plant management element of the comprehensive lake management plan for the Lake.3 This plan review and update is a continuation of the program of lake management planning that has been undertaken on the Lake over the preceding 20-year period. This planning program has included not only the production and publication of the two editions of the comprehensive lake management plan for Friess Lake but also included lake management investigations _____________ 1During November 2007, the electors of the Town of Richfield voted to approve the incorporation of the Town as the Village of Richfield, which became effective as of February 13, 2008. 2The Friess Lake community is currently served by the Friess Lake Advancement Association, and has been served by both this organization and the Friess Lake Action Group (FLAG). The latter organization actively assisted with the development and publication of a second edition of the comprehensive lake management plan for the Lake, published as SEWRPC Community Assistance Planning Report No. 98, 2nd Edition, A Lake Management Plan for Friess Lake, Washington County, Wisconsin, during November 1997. FLAG has since been subsumed into the FLAA, which continues to represent the interests of the Friess Lake community, in partnership with the Village of Richfield, with respect to lake management activities. 3SEWRPC Community Assistance Planning Report No. 98, 2nd Edition, op. cit. See also SEWRPC Community Assistance Planning Report No. 98, A Water Quality Management Plan for Friess Lake, Washington County, Wisconsin, August 1983. completed as an element of the Oconomowoc River Priority Watershed Project.4 The Friess Lake community undertakes an ongoing program of lake and aquatic plant management. The present report refines the aquatic plant management element of the comprehensive lake management plan. It reports on the condition and status of the aquatic plant community in Friess Lake during 2005, including the results of an aquatic plant reconnaissance conducted during 2007, and reviews relevant data on the drainage area tributary to the Lake and the waterbody. This plan presents refined recommendations for the management of aquatic plants within Friess Lake. BACKGROUND This report represents part of the ongoing commitment of the Friess Lake community, through the Friess Lake Advancement Association (FLAA) and the Village of Richfield, to sound planning with respect to the Lake. The report sets forth inventories of the aquatic plant communities present within Friess Lake. Those inventories were prepared by the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission (SEWRPC) in cooperation with the FLAA, and include the results of field surveys conducted by the Commission in July 2005 and a subsequent aquatic plant reconnaissance in June 2007. The aquatic plant surveys were conducted by Commission staff using the modified Jesson and Lound transect method employed by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR).5 The planning program was funded under a Chapter NR 191 Lake Protection Grant administered by the WDNR and awarded to the Village of Richfield. As noted above, this report is intended to refine the aquatic plant management elements of the comprehensive lake management plans for Friess Lake. The scope of this report is limited to a consideration of the aquatic plant communities present within Friess Lake, the documentation of historic changes in the plant communities based upon currently existing data and information, and refinement of those management measures which can be effective in the control of aquatic plant growth. Recommendations are made with respect to those actions to be considered and undertaken by the FLAA and the Village of Richfield, in cooperation with other governmental and nongovernmental entities as appropriate. AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM GOALS AND OBJECTIVES The lake use goals and objectives for Friess Lake were developed in consultation with the FLAA and the Village of Richfield. The agreed goals and objectives are to: 1. Protect and maintain public health, and promote public comfort, convenience, necessity and welfare, in concert with the natural resource, through the environmentally sound management of native vegetation, fishes and wildlife populations in and around Friess Lake; 2. Effectively control the quantity and density of aquatic plant growths in portions of the Friess Lake basin to better facilitate the conduct of water-related recreation, improve the aesthetic value of the resource to the community, and enhance the resource value of the waterbody; 3. Effectively maintain the water quality of Friess Lake to better facilitate the conduct of water-related recreation, improve the aesthetic value of the resource to the community, and enhance the resource value of the waterbody; and, _____________ 4Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Publication No. PUBL-WR-194-86, A Nonpoint Source Control Plan for the Oconomowoc River Priority Watershed Project, March 1986. 5R. Jesson, and R. Lound, Minnesota Department of Conservation Game Investigational Report No. 6, An Evaluation of a Survey Technique for Submerged Aquatic Plants, 1962. 2