2018 OEWS (Occupational) Structure For use with 2021 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics Estimates 11-0000 Management Occupations 13-0000 Business and Financial Operations Occupations 15-0000 Computer and Mathematical Occupations 17-0000 Architecture and Engineering Occupations 19-0000 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations 21-0000 Community and Social Service Occupations 23-0000 Legal Occupations 25-0000 Educational Instruction and Library Occupations 27-0000 Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations 29-0000 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations 31-0000 Healthcare Support Occupations 33-0000 Protective Service Occupations 35-0000 Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations 37-0000 Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations 39-0000 Personal Care and Service Occupations 41-0000 Sales and Related Occupations 43-0000 Office and Administrative Support Occupations 45-0000 Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations 47-0000 Construction and Extraction Occupations 49-0000 Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations 51-0000 Production Occupations 53-0000 Transportation and Material Moving Occupations Color Key: Black font: SOC major group, minor group, or broad occupation (do not code to) Code to: Blue font: OES survey code and title – SOC based Red font: R&D breakouts - use only in NAICS 6112 and 6113 – non-SOC based Green font: OES Aggregation – SOC broad occupation or OES-specific code and title Gray font: Optional code – estimates rolled up to SOC broad occupation or OES-specific code SOC Classification Principles The SOC Classification Principles form the basis on which the SOC system is structured. 1. The SOC covers all occupations in which work is performed for pay or profit, including work performed in family-operated enterprises by family members who are not directly compensated. It excludes occupations unique to volunteers. Each occupation is assigned to only one occupational category at the most detailed level of the classification. 2. Occupations are classified based on work performed and, in some cases, on the skills, education and/or training needed to perform the work. 3. Workers primarily engaged in planning and the directing of resources are classified in management occupations in Major Group 11–0000. Duties of these workers may include supervision. 4. Supervisors of workers in Major Groups 13–0000 through 29–0000 usually have work experience and perform activities similar to those of the workers they supervise, and therefore are classified with the workers they supervise. 5. Workers in Major Group 31–0000 Healthcare Support Occupations assist and are usually supervised by workers in Major Group 29–0000 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations, and therefore there are no first-line supervisor occupations in Major Group 31–0000. 6. Workers in Major Groups 33–0000 through 53–0000 whose primary duty is supervising are classified in the appropriate first-line supervisor category because their work activities are distinct from those of the workers they supervise. 7. Apprentices and trainees are classified with the occupations for which they are being trained, while helpers and aides are classified separately because they are not in training for the occupation they are helping. 8. If an occupation is not included as a distinct detailed occupation in the structure, it is classified in an appropriate ‘‘All Other” occupation. ‘‘All Other’’ occupations are placed in the structure when it is determined that the detailed occupations comprising a broad occupation group do not account for all of the workers in the group, even though such workers may perform a distinct set of work activities. These occupations appear as the last occupation in the group with a code ending in ‘‘9’’ and are identified in their title by having ‘‘All Other’’ appear at the end. 9. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and the U.S. Census Bureau are charged with collecting and reporting data on total U.S. employment across the full spectrum of SOC Major Groups. Thus, for a detailed occupation to be included in the SOC, either the Bureau of Labor Statistics or the Census Bureau must be able to collect and report data on that occupation. 10. To maximize the comparability of data, time series continuity is maintained to the extent possible. SOC Coding Guidelines The following SOC coding guidelines are intended to assist users in consistently assigning SOC codes and titles to survey responses and in other coding activities. 1. A worker should be assigned to an SOC occupation code based on work performed. 2. When workers in a single job could be coded in more than one occupation, they should be coded in the occupation that requires the highest level of skill. If there is no measurable difference in skill requirements, workers should be coded in the occupation in which they spend the most time. Workers whose job is to teach at different levels (e.g., elementary, middle, or secondary) should be coded in the occupation corresponding to the highest educational level they teach. 3. Data collection and reporting agencies should assign workers to the most detailed occupation possible. Different agencies may use different levels of aggregation, depending on their ability to collect data. 4. Workers who perform activities not described in any distinct detailed occupation in the SOC structure should be coded in an appropriate ‘‘All Other’’ occupation. These occupations appear as the last occupation in a group with a code ending in ‘‘9’’ and are identified by having the words ‘‘All Other’’ appear at the end of the title. 5. Workers in Major Groups 33–0000 through 53–0000 who spend 80 percent or more of their time performing supervisory activities are coded in the appropriate first-line supervisor category in the SOC. In these same Major Groups (33–0000 through 53– 0000), persons with supervisory duties who spend less than 80 percent of their time supervising are coded with the workers they supervise. 6. Licensed and non-licensed workers performing the same work should be coded together in the same detailed occupation, except where specified otherwise in the SOC definition. 11-0000 Management Occupations 11-1000 Top Executives 11-1011 Chief Executives 11-1021 General and Operations Managers 11-1031 Legislators 11-2000 Advertising, Marketing, Promotions, Public Relations, & Sales Managers 11-2011 Advertising and Promotions Managers 11-2021 Marketing Managers 11-2022 Sales Managers 11-2032 Public Relations Managers 11-2033 Fundraising Managers 11-3000 Operations Specialties Managers 11-3012 Administrative Services Managers 11-3013 Facilities Managers 11-3021 Computer and Information Systems Managers 11-3031 Financial Managers 11-3051 Industrial Production Managers 11-3061 Purchasing Managers 11-3071 Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers 11-3111 Compensation and Benefits Managers 11-3121 Human Resources Managers 11-3131 Training and Development Managers 11-9000 Other Management Occupations 11-9013 Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers 11-9021 Construction Managers 11-9030 Education and Childcare Administrators 11-9031 Education and Childcare Administrators, Preschool and Daycare 11-9032 Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary 11-9033 Education Administrators, Postsecondary 11-9039 Education Administrators, All Other 11-9041 Architectural and Engineering Managers 11-9051 Food Service Managers 11-9070 Entertainment and Recreation Managers 11-9071 Gambling Managers 11-9072 Entertainment and Recreation Managers, Except Gambling 11-9081 Lodging Managers 11-9111 Medical and Health Services Managers 11-9121 Natural Sciences Managers 11-9131 Postmasters and Mail Superintendents 11-9141 Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers 11-9151 Social and Community Service Managers 11-9161 Emergency Management Directors 11-9170 Personal Service Managers 11-9171 Funeral Home Managers 11-9179 Personal Service Managers, All Other 11-9199 Managers, All Other 13-0000 Business and Financial Operations Occupations 13-1000 Business Operations Specialists 13-1011 Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes 13-1020 Buyers and Purchasing Agents (OES aggregation to SOC broad occupation) 13-1021 Buyers and Purchasing Agents, Farm Products (Optional – estimates rolled up to 13-1020) 13-1022 Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products (Optional – estimates rolled up to 13- 1020) 13-1023 Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products (Optional – estimates rolled up to 13-1020) 13-1031 Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators 13-1032 Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage 13-1041 Compliance Officers 13-1051 Cost Estimators 13-1070 Human Resources Workers 13-1071 Human Resources Specialists 13-1074 Farm Labor Contractors 13-1075 Labor Relations Specialists 13-1081 Logisticians 13-1082 Project Management Specialists 13-1111 Management Analysts 13-1121 Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners 13-1131 Fundraisers 13-1141 Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists 13-1151 Training and Development Specialists 13-1161 Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 13-1199 Business Operations Specialists, All Other 13-2000 Financial Specialists 13-2011 Accountants and Auditors 13-2020 Property Appraisers and Assessors (OES aggregation to SOC broad occupation) 13-2022 Appraisers of Personal and Business Property (Optional – estimates rolled up to 13-2020) 13-2023 Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate (Optional – estimates rolled up to 13-2020) 13-2031 Budget Analysts 13-2041 Credit Analysts 13-2050 Financial Analysts and Advisors 13-2051 Financial and Investment Analysts 13-2052 Personal Financial Advisors 13-2053 Insurance Underwriters 13-2054 Financial Risk Specialists 13-2061 Financial Examiners 13-2071 Credit Counselors 13-2072 Loan Officers 13-2081 Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents 13-2082 Tax Preparers 13-2099 Financial Specialists, All Other 15-0000 Computer and Mathematical Occupations 15-1200 Computer Occupations 15-1211 Computer and Systems Analysts 15-1217 Computer Systems Analysts, Non R&D1 15-1218 Computer Systems Analysts, R&D 15-1212 Information Security Analysts 15-1221 Computer and Information Research Scientists 15-1231 Computer Network Support Specialists 15-1232 Computer User Support Specialists 15-1240 Database and Network Administrators and Architects 15-1241 Computer Network Architects 15-1247 Computer Network Architects, Non R&D 15-1248 Computer Network Architects, R&D 15-1242 Database Administrators 15-1243 Database Architects 15-1244 Network and Computer Systems Administrators 15-1250 Software and Web Developers, Programmers, and Testers 15-1251 Computer Programmers 15-1293 Computer Programmers, Non R&D 15-1294 Computer Programmers, R&D 15-1252 Software Developers 15-1295 Software Developers, Non R&D 15-1296 Software Developers, R&D 15-1253 Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers 15-1297 Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers, Non R&D 15-1298 Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers, R&D 15-1254 Web Developers 15-1255 Web and Digital Interface Designers 15-1299 Computer Occupations, All Other 15-2000 Mathematical Science Occupations 15-2011 Actuaries 15-2021 Mathematicians 15-2031 Operations Research Analysts 15-2041 Statisticians 15-2051 Data Scientists 15-2099 Mathematical Science Occupations, All Other 1 R&D breakout- use only in NAICS 6112 and 6113 17-0000 Architecture and Engineering Occupations 17-1000 Architects, Surveyors, and Cartographers 17-1011 Architects, Except Landscape and Naval 17-1012 Landscape Architects 17-1021 Cartographers and Photogrammetrists 17-1022 Surveyors 17-2000 Engineers 17-2011 Aerospace Engineers 17-2021 Agricultural Engineers 17-2031 Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers 17-2041 Chemical Engineers 17-2051 Civil Engineers 17-2052 Civil Engineers, Non-R&D 17-2053 Civil Engineers, R&D 17-2061 Computer Hardware Engineers 17-2062 Computer Hardware Engineers, Non-R&D 17-2063 Computer Hardware Engineers, R&D 17-2071 Electrical Engineers 17-2073 Electrical Engineers, Non-R&D 17-2074 Electrical Engineers, R&D 17-2072 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 17-2075 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer, Non-R&D 17-2076 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer, R&D 17-2081 Environmental Engineers 17-2110 Industrial Engineers, Including Health and Safety 17-2111 Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors 17-2112 Industrial Engineers 17-2121 Marine Engineers and Naval Architects 17-2131 Materials Engineers 17-2141 Mechanical Engineers 17-2143 Mechanical Engineers, Non-R&D 17-2144 Mechanical Engineers, R&D 17-2151 Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers 17-2161 Nuclear Engineers 17-2171 Petroleum Engineers 17-2199 Engineers, All Other 17-0000 Architecture and Engineering Occupations 17-3000 Drafters, Engineering Technicians, and Mapping Technicians 17-3010 Drafters 17-3011 Architectural and Civil Drafters 17-3012 Electrical and Electronics Drafters 17-3013 Mechanical Drafters 17-3019 Drafters, All Other 17-3020 Engineering Technologists and Technicians, Except Drafters 17-3021 Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technologists and Technicians 17-3022 Civil Engineering Technologists and Technicians 17-3023 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians 17-3024 Electro-Mechanical and Mechatronics Technologists and Technicians 17-3025 Environmental Engineering Technologists and Technicians 17-3026 Industrial Engineering Technologists and Technicians 17-3027 Mechanical Engineering Technologists and Technicians 17-3028 Calibration Technologists and Technicians 17-3029 Engineering Technologists and Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other 17-3030 Surveying and Mapping Technicians 17-3031 Surveying and Mapping Technicians 19-0000 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations 19-1000 Life Scientists 19-1011 Animal Scientists 19-1012 Food Scientists and Technologists 19-1013 Soil and Plant Scientists 19-1020 Biological Scientists 19-1021 Biochemists and Biophysicists 19-1022 Microbiologists 19-1023 Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists 19-1029 Biological Scientists, All Other 19-1031 Conservation Scientists 19-1032 Foresters 19-1041 Epidemiologists 19-1042 Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists 19-1099 Life Scientists, All Other 19-2000 Physical Scientists 19-2011 Astronomers 19-2012 Physicists 19-2021 Atmospheric and Space Scientists 19-2031 Chemists 19-2032 Materials Scientists 19-2041 Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health 19-2042 Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers 19-2043 Hydrologists 19-2099 Physical Scientists, All Other 19-3000 Social Scientists and Related Workers 19-3011 Economists 19-3022 Survey Researchers 19-3030 Psychologists 19-3032 Industrial-Organizational Psychologists 19-3033 Clinical and Counseling Psychologists 19-3034 School Psychologists 19-3039 Psychologists, All Other 19-3041 Sociologists 19-3051 Urban and Regional Planners 19-3091 Anthropologists and Archeologists 19-3092 Geographers 19-3093 Historians 19-3094 Political Scientists 19-3099 Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other