ALM-2412 GPS LNA-Filter Front-End Module Data Sheet Description Features Avago Technologies’ ALM-2412 is an LNA module, with  Very Low Noise Figure : 0.85 dB typical integrated fi lter, designed for GPS band applications at  High Gain : 13.5 dB typical 1.575GHz. The LNA uses Avago Technologies’ proprietary  High IIP3 and IP1dB GaAs Enhancement-mode pHEMT process to achieve high  Exceptional Cell/PCS-Band rejection gain with very low noise fi gure and high linearity. Noise fi gure distribution is very tightly controlled. A CMOS-com-  Advanced GaAs E-pHEMT Technology patible shutdown pin is included either for turning the  Low external component count LNA on/off , or for current adjustment. The integrated fi lter  Wide Supply Voltage : 1V to 3.6V utilizes an Avago Technologies’ leading-edge FBAR fi lter  Shutdown current : < 0.1uA for exceptional rejection at Cell/PCS-Band frequencies.  CMOS compatible shutdown pin (SD) current @ 2.8V : The ALM-2412 is useable down to 1V operation. It achieves 0.1mA low noise fi gure, high gain and linearity even at 1V, making  Adjustable current via single external resistor/voltage it suitable for use in critical low-power GPS applications or  Meets MSL3, Lead-Free and Halogen-Free during low-battery situations.  ESD-protected RF input: 3kV HBM Component Image  Small package dimension: 3.3(L)x2.1(W)x1.1(H) mm3 Surface Mount 3.3x2.1x1.1 mm3 12-lead MCOB Specifi cations (Typical performance at 25°C) D d d At 1.575GHz, Vdd = 2.85V, Idd = 9.0mA D n n V G G 2 1 0  Gain = 13.5 dB 1 1 1 RF_IN 1 9 Gnd  NF = 0.85 dB 2412 Gnd 2 8 FILTER-OUT XXXXX  IIP3 = +6.1 dBm, IP1dB = +2.2 dBm SD 3 7 Gnd  S11 = -8.4 dB, S22 =-9.0 dB 4 5 6 nd nd nd  Cell-Band Rejection: 53dBc G G G TOP VIEW  PCS-Band Rejection: 65dBc At 1.575GHz, 1.0V supply d d D Gn Gn VD  S21 = 7.2dB 0 1 2 Gnd 9 1 1 1 1 RF_IN  NF = 1.63dB FILTER-OUT 8 2 Gnd  Idd = 1.5mA Gnd 7 3 SD Application 6 5 4 d d d n n n G G G  GPS Band LNA BOTTOM VIEW Attention: Observe precautions for Note: handling electrostatic sensitive devices. Package marking provides orientation and identifi cation For RF_IN (Pin 1): ESD Human Body Model = 3 kV “2412” = Product Code First “X” = Year of manufacture All other pins: ESD Machine Model = 40 V Second “X” = Work week of manufacture ESD Human Body Model = 300 V Third “X” = Datecode Refer to Avago Application Note A004R: Fourth & Fifth “X” = Lot Number Electrostatic Discharge, Damage and Control. Absolute Maximum Rating[1] T =25°C Thermal Resistance A Symbol Parameter Units Absolute Max. Thermal Resistance[3] Vdd Device Drain to Source Voltage[2] V 3.6 (Vdd = 2.85 V, Idd = 9.0 mA), jc = 352.2°C/W Idd Drain Current [2] mA 20 Notes: 1. Operation of this device in excess of any of Pin,max CW RF Input Power dBm 15 these limits may cause permanent damage. (Vdd = 2.85V, Idd=9.0mA) 2. Assuming DC quiescent conditions 3. Thermal resistance measured using Infra-Red Pdiss Total Power Dissipation [4] mW 72 measurement technique. Tj Junction Temperature °C 150 4. Board (module belly) temperature TB is 25°C. TSTG Storage Temperature °C -65 to 150 Derate 2.84 mW/°C for TB>125°C. T Recommended Operating Temperature °C -40 to 85 Electrical Specifi cations TA = 25°C, Vdd = +2.85V, Vsd = +2.6V, Idd = 9.0mA (typ), R2 = 10 k, Freq = 1.575GHz – Typical Performance [8] unless otherwise specifi ed. Table 1. Performance table at nominal operating conditions Symbol Parameter and Test Condition Units Min. Typ Max. G Gain dB 11 13.5 - NF[7] Noise Figure dB - 0.85 1.20 IP1dB Input 1dB Compressed Power dBm - 2.2 - IIP3[9] Input 3rd Order Intercept Point (2-tone @ Fc +/- 2.5MHz) dBm - 6.1 - S11 Input Return Loss dB - -8.4 - S22 Output Return Loss dB - -9.0 - S12 Reverse Isolation dB - -21.6 - Cell Band Rejection Relative to 1.575GHz @ 827.5MHz dBc 45 53 - PCS Band Rejection Relative to 1.575GHz @ 1885MHz dBc 45 65 - Idd Supply DC current at Shutdown (SD) voltage Vsd = 2.6V mA - 9.0 15.0 Ish Shutdown Current @ VSD = 0V uA - 0.1 - TA = 25°C, Vdd = +2.85V, Vsd = +1.8V, Idd = 3.2mA (typ), R2 = 10 k, Freq = 1.575GHz – Typical Performance [8] unless otherwise specifi ed. Table 2. Typical performance at Vdd = +2.85V, Vsd = +1.8V, Idd = 3.2mA (typ) Symbol Parameter and Test Condition Units Typ G Gain dB 11.5 NF[7] Noise Figure dB 1.1 IP1dB Input 1dB Compressed Power dBm 4.4 IIP3[9] Input 3rd Order Intercept Point (2-tone @ Fc +/- 2.5MHz) dBm 5.3 S11 Input Return Loss dB -6.8 S22 Output Return Loss dB -8.6 S12 Reverse Isolation dB -20.4 Cell Band Rejection Relative to 1.575GHz @ 827.5MHz dBc 56 PCS Band Rejection Relative to 1.575GHz @ 1885MHz dBc 62 Idd Supply DC current at Shutdown (SD) voltage Vsd = 1.8V mA 3.2 Ish Shutdown Current @ VSD = 0V uA 0.1 2 Vdd = +2V, Vdd = +1.5V, Vdd = +1V, Freq = 1.575GHz – Typical Performance[8] (Vsd = Vdd, R2 = 0 ohms) Table 3. Typical performance at low operating voltages with R2 (see Figures 6 and 7) set to 0 ohms Symbol Parameter and Test Condition Units Vdd = 2V Vdd = 1.5V Vdd = 1V G Gain dB 12.6 11 7.2 NF[7] Noise Figure dB 0.8 1 1.6 IP1dB Input 1dB Compressed Power dBm -0.7 -1.6 -0.7 IIP3[9] Input 3rd Order Intercept Point (2-tone @ Fc +/- 2.5MHz) dBm 6 4.3 3 S11 Input Return Loss dB -8.2 -7.4 -5.2 S22 Output Return Loss dB -12.9 -11 -7 S12 Reverse Isolation dB -21.6 -20.1 -16.9 Cell Band Rejection Relative to 1.575GHz @ 827.5MHz dBc 54.7 55.7 57.6 PCS Band Rejection Relative to 1.575GHz @ 1885MHz dBc 63.7 62.9 61.9 Idd Supply DC current mA 7.7 4.1 1.3 Ish Shutdown Current @ VSD = 0V uA 0.1 0.1 0.1 Notes: 7. For noise fi gure measurement, input board loss has not been deducted 8. Measurements at 1.575GHz obtained using demo board described in Figures 6 and 7 9. 1.575GHz IIP3 test condition: FRF1 = 1572.5 MHz, FRF2 = 1577.5 MHz with input power of -20dBm per tone measured at the worst case side band 3 4 3 2 1 RF RF input output ALM-2412 DC Pin Configuration of 4-pin Connector Pins Pins 1, 4 = GND 1 2 3 4 pointing out Pin 2 = Shutdown (SD) of the page Pin 3 = Vdd Supply Circuit Symbol Size Desciption L1 0402 Not Used L2 0402 6.8 nH Inductor (Toko) L3 0402 5.6 nH Inductor (Toko) C1 0805 0.1 uF Capacitor (Murata) C2 0402 10 pF Capacitor (Rohm) C3 0402 6.8 pF Capacitor (Rohm) C9 0402 100pF Capacitor (Rohm) R1 0402 12 Ohms Resistor (Rohm) R2 0402 10k Ohms Resistor (Rohm) Z1 0805 Not Used Figure 1. Demoboard and application circuit components table 4 1,4 3 Vdd ND C1 Z1 G R1 L1 C2 L2 12 L3 C9 1 Input 8 50-Ohms TL Filter 50-Ohms TL match 2,4,5,6,7,9,10,11 3 R2 Module outline 2 SD C3 Figure 2. Demoboard and application schematic diagram Notes:  The demoboard of Figure 6 is Rogers® RO4350 with typical Dk = 3.48 (@10GHz).  L3 and the module’s internal input pre-match form the input matching network. The module has built-in DC-blocking capacitors at the input and output.  This circuit demonstrates that very low noise fi gure is obtainable with standard 0402 chip inductors instead of high-Q wirewound inductors.  C2 and L2 form a matching network at the output of the LNA stage, which can be tuned to optimize gain and return loss. For example, higher gain can be obtained by increasing the value of C2 but at the expense of stability. Changing the value of L2 can improve the PCS rejection, but impacts output return loss.  L1 is a choke which isolates the demoboard from external disturbances during measurement. It is not needed in actual application. Likewise, C1 and C3 mitigate the eff ect of external noise pickup on the Vdd and SD lines respectively. These components are not required in actual operation.  R1 is a stability-enhancing resistor.  C9 is a DC-blocking capacitor. It is also not required in actual operation.  Bias control is achieved by either varying the SD voltage with/ without R2, or fi xing the SD voltage to Vdd and adjusting R2 for the desired current. Typical value for R2 is 10k Ohms for 9mA total current at Vdd = 2.85V and Vsd = +2.60V. For applications where it is more appropriate to have SD (Vsd) connected to Vdd, an 18k Ohms resistor value for R2 is suggested (where Vdd = 2.85V).  For low-voltage operation such as Vdd = 1.5V or 1.0V, R2 may be omitted and SD (Vsd) connected directly to Vdd.  The grounding regime for the ALM-2412 is critical to achieving the PCS- and Cell-Band Rejections shown in Figure 9. Please refer to the PCB Land Patterns section of this document for the exact locations of the grounding vias. 5 ALM-2412 Typical Performance Curves, Vdd = +2.85V, Idd = 6.2mA (At 25°C unless specifi ed otherwise) m4 m1 m5 m6 freq=1.575GHz freq=1.575GHz freq=1.575GHz freq=1.575GHz dB(S(1,1))=-8.575 dB(S(2,1))=11.975 dB(S(1,2))=-21.786 dB(S(2,2))=-8.592 20 m1 0 m6 m4 m5 -20 2))1))2))1)) 2,2,1,1, S(S(S(S( -40 dB(dB(dB(dB( m2 m3 -60 -80 -100 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 freq, GHz m2 m3 ind Delta=-7.475E8 ind Delta=3.100E8 dep Delta=-55.271 dep Delta=-62.794 Delta Mode ON Delta Mode ON Figure 3. Typical S-Parameter plot Figure 4. Multiple module plots of rejection at Cell and PCS Bands 6 ALM-2412 Typical Performance Curves, R1 = 10k ohms (At 25°C unless specifi ed otherwise) 20 1.3 1.2 18 1.1 16 1.0 ain (dB) 1124 NF (dB) 00..89 G 0.7 10 5mA 0.6 5mA 8 9mA 9mA 11mA 0.5 11mA 6 0.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Vdd (V) Vdd (V) Figure 5. Gain Vs Vdd Vs Idd Figure 6. NF Vs Vdd Vs Idd 12 7 6 10 5 8 m) m) 4 IIP3 (dB 46 IP1dB (dB 3 2 5mA 5mA 2 9mA 1 9mA 11mA 11mA 0 0 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Vdd (V) Vdd (V) Figure 7. IIP3 Vs Vdd Vs Idd Figure 8. IP1dB Vs Vdd Vs Idd 14 65 63 12 61 10 59 A) 8 Bc) 57 m d 55 Idd ( 6 IREJL ( 53 4 51 5mA 49 2 9mA 47 11mA 0 45 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Vsd (V) Vdd (V) Figure 9. Idd Vs Vsd (Vdd=2.85V) Figure 10. Cell band rejection Vs Vdd Vs Idd 7 ALM-2412 Typical Performance Curves, R1=10k ohms (At 25°C unless specifi ed otherwise) 71 20 -40°C 69 18 25°C 67 85°C 16 65 Bc) A) 14 U (d 63 n (m EJ ai 12 R 61 G I 10 59 5mA 57 9mA 8 11mA 55 6 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Vdd (V) Vdd (V) Figure 11. PCS band rejection Vs Vdd Vs Idd Figure 12. Gain Vs Vdd Vs Temp (Idd=9mA) 2.0 12.0 1.8 -40°C -40°C 25°C 10.0 25°C 1.6 85°C 85°C 1.4 8.0 1.2 m) B) B d 1.0 d 6.0 F ( 3 ( N 0.8 P II 4.0 0.6 0.4 2.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Vdd (V) Vdd (V) Figure 13. NF Vs Vdd Vs Temp (Idd=9mA) Figure 14. IIP3 Vs Vdd Vs Temp (Idd=9mA) 7.0 -40°C 6.0 25°C 85°C 5.0 m) 4.0 B d B ( 3.0 d 1 P I 2.0 1.0 0.0 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Vdd (V) Figure 15. IP1dB Vs Vdd Vs Temp (Idd=9mA) 8 ALM-2412 Typical Performance Curves, R1 = 10k ohms (At 25°C unless specifi ed otherwise) 65 80 63 75 61 70 59 65 Bc) 57 Bc) L (d 55 U (d 60 REJ 53 REJ 55 I I 51 -40°C 50 -40°C 49 25°C 25°C 47 85°C 45 85°C 45 40 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Vdd (V) Vdd (V) Figure 16. Cell band rejection Vs Vdd Vs Temp (Idd=9mA) Figure 17. PCS band rejection Vs Vdd Vs Temp (Idd=9mA) ALM-2412 Typical Scattering Parameters at 25°C, Vdd = 2.85V, Idd = 9.0 mA The S- and Noise Parameters are measured using the PCB described in Figures 6 and 7. The PCB material is 10 mils Rogers RO4350. Figure 23 shows the input and output reference planes. The circuit values, with the exception of L3, are as indicated in Figure 6. S11 S11 S21 S21 S21 S12 S12 S22 S22 Freq (GHz) (Mag) (Ang) (dB) (Mag) (Ang) (dB) (Ang) (Mag) (Ang) 0.3 0.9500 24.3080 -53.0103 0.0022 -64.3603 -83.4472 2.2928 0.9983 -38.2983 0.5 0.9810 -26.9915 -45.0767 0.0056 -101.7629 -72.7369 99.2046 0.9940 -63.9345 0.7 0.9574 -68.9018 -41.5411 0.0084 -144.0420 -71.2519 62.3471 0.9949 -88.9346 0.8 0.9309 -88.2339 -41.2477 0.0087 -160.1246 -75.4796 -10.3220 0.9843 -101.9066 0.8275 0.9252 -93.3423 -41.1302 0.0088 -160.2805 -77.8045 38.2306 0.9856 -105.4838 0.9 0.9177 -106.9481 -40.5723 0.0094 -172.7013 -79.0652 53.4588 0.9891 -114.5814 1 0.9250 -127.8097 -39.5941 0.0105 -176.9576 -76.2791 106.0042 0.9832 -127.2962 1.1 0.9353 -152.9168 -37.2798 0.0137 165.3683 -69.8529 145.2438 0.9754 -140.4467 1.2 0.9158 174.7925 -35.7549 0.0163 143.4377 -63.9935 128.3283 0.9802 -153.4140 1.3 0.7946 134.3360 -37.5214 0.0133 130.8836 -59.1849 111.7022 0.9706 -167.1344 1.4 0.5885 90.9147 -41.8159 0.0081 91.2687 -56.9362 73.8568 0.9634 177.1917 1.5 0.3586 51.1412 -40.0352 0.0100 169.4231 -55.0038 48.7376 0.8535 150.1499 1.575 0.3735 84.3481 13.5499 4.7588 90.4620 -22.3019 43.2091 0.2586 -12.6662 1.6 0.7476 65.6530 11.1269 3.6003 143.9489 -24.7551 91.0611 0.5585 -115.7049 1.7 0.4936 -18.1639 -49.2624 0.0034 48.9582 -56.9992 33.3754 0.9617 160.2494 1.8 0.4779 -46.7353 -55.2772 0.0017 75.0639 -55.9405 22.7742 0.9607 143.4297 1.885 0.4917 -65.8114 -48.8096 0.0036 118.6825 -55.2593 14.4221 0.9519 131.2363 1.9 0.4964 -68.7818 -47.9441 0.0040 118.5708 -55.2112 9.3947 0.9526 129.1638 2 0.5236 -87.1166 -43.6491 0.0066 116.3684 -54.2886 -2.7401 0.9544 116.1047 2.1 0.5578 -102.8903 -41.0295 0.0089 104.5683 -54.5318 -8.6652 0.9483 103.3151 2.2 0.5893 -117.1373 -39.2482 0.0109 93.1084 -53.6690 -18.1018 0.9440 90.2622 2.3 0.6208 -130.1776 -38.9962 0.0112 79.8502 -53.6796 -28.8668 0.9474 77.8684 2.4 0.6508 -142.4117 -37.8263 0.0128 66.6074 -53.4105 -37.4890 0.9366 64.5382 2.5 0.6799 -154.1330 -37.9962 0.0126 52.4394 -52.7064 -49.4043 0.9362 51.2358 3 0.7949 152.7103 -64.9944 0.0006 55.6408 -53.0296 -115.4632 0.8899 -21.9066 3.5 0.8681 105.4590 -23.9865 0.0632 79.4316 -50.5228 96.7559 0.7839 -128.2725 4 0.9137 61.2580 -15.5361 0.1672 -31.2094 -37.9448 -49.3136 0.6408 50.7479 4.5 0.9380 18.9691 -15.1307 0.1752 -135.1450 -35.0746 -143.1255 0.6172 -110.1415 5 0.9505 -22.2529 -17.3940 0.1350 147.3349 -35.9246 137.3279 0.6552 124.4230 5.5 0.9528 -63.5553 -21.1722 0.0874 70.6993 -38.2030 73.6058 0.6872 27.3421 6 0.9495 -105.3280 -29.2697 0.0344 45.4125 -41.7965 64.5211 0.6352 -19.4748 9 ALM-2412 Scattering Parameter and Noise Parameter Measurement C1 R1 L1 Reference C2 Reference plane L2 plane 12 1 Input 8 Filter match 3 R2 Module outline C3 Figure 18. Scattering and Noise Parameter reference planes ALM-2412 Typical Scattering Parameters at 25°C, Vdd = 2.85V, Idd = 3.2 mA Freq S11 S11 S21 S21 S21 S12 S12 S22 S22 (GHz) (Mag) (Ang) (dB) (Mag) (Ang) (dB) (Ang) (Mag) (Ang) 0.3 0.9437 25.1842 -56.6250 0.0015 -56.2045 -76.3685 125.4973 0.9982 -38.2854 0.5 0.9793 -24.9837 -47.6772 0.0041 -98.4688 -75.2131 89.0743 0.9942 -63.9061 0.7 0.9710 -65.7032 -43.9381 0.0064 -136.0755 -72.7917 56.1160 0.9951 -88.9240 0.8 0.9534 -84.5781 -43.5064 0.0067 -152.0264 -75.3778 65.0142 0.9845 -101.8883 0.8275 0.9506 -89.6180 -43.6122 0.0066 -152.6773 -70.6928 85.4300 0.9857 -105.5005 0.9 0.9480 -102.9481 -42.6842 0.0073 -166.1491 -76.3508 26.7945 0.9891 -114.5563 1 0.9622 -123.0758 -41.4344 0.0085 -168.6170 -76.5894 116.5373 0.9835 -127.2816 1.1 0.9832 -147.1698 -38.8120 0.0115 173.8790 -73.2556 118.9165 0.9752 -140.4388 1.2 0.9756 -178.5820 -36.8148 0.0144 151.5848 -64.1740 132.9518 0.9804 -153.3940 1.3 0.8282 141.3595 -38.1281 0.0124 135.7789 -59.4834 110.0181 0.9709 -167.1206 1.4 0.5570 101.1569 -42.6142 0.0074 90.8719 -56.8034 78.1796 0.9634 177.2173 1.5 0.3014 75.0549 -41.2422 0.0087 170.7122 -55.3660 54.0700 0.8547 150.1649 1.575 0.4579 99.1677 12.0288 3.9943 95.4837 -21.0892 39.1122 0.3290 -4.5519 1.6 0.8078 76.1104 10.2399 3.2508 152.0063 -22.7890 90.5229 0.5356 -120.2133 1.7 0.3858 -6.8862 -49.8007 0.0032 49.0105 -57.1647 42.5100 0.9622 160.2686 1.8 0.3640 -34.6496 -55.4610 0.0017 74.5288 -55.9648 25.6484 0.9608 143.4563 1.885 0.3845 -53.6204 -49.4320 0.0034 112.4398 -55.0812 18.6501 0.9519 131.2389 1.9 0.3902 -56.6177 -48.7844 0.0036 115.2951 -54.9790 12.9813 0.9526 129.1710 2 0.4330 -74.9590 -44.8367 0.0057 111.2168 -54.1082 7.2474 0.9548 116.1177 2.1 0.4870 -91.2581 -42.0224 0.0079 98.7025 -54.1145 -2.0907 0.9486 103.3151 2.2 0.5407 -106.4211 -40.6064 0.0093 86.8407 -52.6911 -12.1006 0.9440 90.2799 2.3 0.5913 -120.6560 -40.3220 0.0096 73.8261 -51.9861 -24.9929 0.9481 77.8880 2.4 0.6376 -134.1556 -39.2032 0.0110 58.9540 -52.2734 -35.5332 0.9365 64.5526 2.5 0.6797 -147.0601 -39.5911 0.0105 44.5045 -51.5403 -47.2899 0.9366 51.2631 3 0.8218 155.3244 -73.9981 0.0002 -66.0550 -52.5626 -113.4427 0.8903 -21.8880 3.5 0.8905 106.0429 -26.4816 0.0474 79.2320 -52.8246 91.8748 0.7844 -128.2450 4 0.9252 61.1667 -17.8927 0.1275 -28.8321 -39.3233 -54.1066 0.6473 50.3538 4.5 0.9426 18.8015 -17.1918 0.1382 -130.6277 -36.4301 -144.6187 0.6257 -111.6124 5 0.9522 -22.3400 -19.0379 0.1117 152.7274 -36.9603 138.6193 0.6557 122.4208 5.5 0.9528 -63.5735 -22.3934 0.0759 75.7488 -38.8835 75.7347 0.6692 25.7070 6 0.9495 -105.3228 -30.1215 0.0312 50.3551 -41.9579 64.9560 0.6153 -20.4365 10