AI FOR DEATH AND DYING AI FOR EVERYTHING Artificial intelligence (AI) is all around us. From driverless cars to game-winning computers to fraud protection, AI is already involved in many aspects of life, and its impact will only continue to grow in the future. Many of the world’s most valuable companies are investing heavily in AI research and development, and not a day goes by without news of cutting- edge breakthroughs in AI and robotics. The AI for Everything series will explore the role of AI in contemporary life, from cars and aircraft to medicine, educa- tion, fashion and beyond. Concise and accessible, each book is written by an expert in the field and will bring the study and reality of AI to a broad readership including interested profes- sionals, students, researchers and lay readers. AI for Immunology AI for Radiology Louis J. Catania Oge Marques AI for Cars AI for Games Hanky Sjafrie & Josep Aulinas Ian Millington AI for Digital Warfare AI for School Teachers Niklas Hageback & Daniel Rose Luckin & Karine George Hedblom AI for Learners AI for Art Carmel Kent, Benedict du Niklas Hageback & Daniel Boulay & Rose Luckin Hedblom AI for Social Justice AI for Death and Dying Alan Dix and Clara Crivellaro Maggi Savin-Baden For more information about this series please visit: https://www.routledge.com/AI-for-Everything/book-series/AIFE A I F O R D E A T H A N D D Y I N G MAGGI SAVIN-BADEN First edition published 2022 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 and by CRC Press 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC The right of Maggi Savin-Baden to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all m aterials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have a ttempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this p ublication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been a cknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright.com or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected] Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. ISBN: 9780367622442 (hbk) ISBN: 9780367613174 (pbk) ISBN: 9781003108504 (ebk) Typeset in Berling by codeMantra What we call the beginning is often the end. And to make an end is to make a beginning. The end is where we start from. Eliot (1942) To my Godfather, John Isaac. With thanks for your years of love, prayer and support, I am forever grateful. CONTENTS List of Figures xi List of Tables xiii Permissions xv Acknowledgements xvii Author xix Introduction 1 1 What Is Artificial Intelligence? 5 2 Death and Dying in the Digital Age 27 3 Ethical Memorialization 47 4 Digital Legacy Management 67 5 Religious Perspectives 91 6 Digital Bereavement 111 7 Digital Afterlife, Digital Immortal Creation and Artificial Intelligence 135 8 Artificial Intelligence and the Digital Beyond 155 References 175 Index 193