Hanada, Satoko. 2018. A new species of Capnia Pictet, 1841 (Plecoptera: Capniidae) from Kyushu, Japan, with description of male drumming signals. Illiesia, 14(09):155-161. https://doi.org/10.25031/2018/14.09 http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3FF3D463-16A5-4255-BD16-16C30BF04D5C A NEW SPECIES OF CAPNIA PICTET, 1841 (PLECOPTERA: CAPNIIDAE) FROM KYUSHU, JAPAN, WITH DESCRIPTION OF MALE DRUMMING SIGNALS Satoko Hanada Nishijin, Sawara Ward, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture 814-0002, Japan E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT A new species of the genus Capnia Pictet, 1841, Capnia mitsuseana sp. n. (Plecoptera: Capniidae), from Japan is described on the basis of male and female adults, and male drumming signal. Males of the new species are characterized by a modified abdominal tergum 7 with a pair of small tubercles on the anterior margin and with a large tubercle on the posterior margin; a long and rather narrow main epiproct sclerite with a pair of needle-like processes on either side of the tip. Females have abdominal sternum 7 protruding caudally and short subgenital plate that is nearly same length of sternum 8. The males produced monophasic call signals in succession by percussion involving up-down abdominal movements under solitary condition, and the male call signals show horizontal inter-beat interval patterns. Keywords: Capnia mitsuseana Hanada, stonefly, drumming INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS The genus Capnia is known as a large genus in Morphological observation. Adults were hand- Plecoptera and contains more than 100 species collected and preserved in 80% ethanol and (DeWalt et al. 2018). Thirteen species of Capnia studied using a Leica MZ12 stereomicroscope have been recorded from Japan (DeWalt et al. (magnification up to 100x). All illustrations were 2018), and still more undescribed species are produced using a camera lucida attached to known (Shimizu & Negoro 2003). I report a new stereomicroscope. The epiproct and the fusion species of Capnia from northern Kyushu, western plate used for illustrations were removed from Japan resulting from studies in the region (Hanada paratype specimens to facilitate illustrations. 2014, 2016a, 2016b). I describe the new species Female vaginal sclerites were observed and based on morphological features of adults and illustrated after abdomens were cleared in a from characteristics of the male vibrational solution of 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH). communication signals (drumming), which are All examined materials were collected by Mr. H. known within the infraorder Arctoperlaria as Maruyama and the author, and therefore the species-specific vibrational signals used for inter- collector’s names were omitted in the materials sexual communication. examined list. The type series will be deposited in Illiesia – http://illiesia.speciesfile.org Volume 14 – Number 9 – Page 155 Hanada, Satoko. 2018. A new species of Capnia Pictet, 1841 (Plecoptera: Capniidae) from Kyushu, Japan, with description of male drumming signals. Illiesia, 14(09):155-161. https://doi.org/10.25031/2018/14.09 1 2 3 4 5 Figs. 1-5. Capnia mitsuseana sp. n. 1. Habitus of Capnia mitsuseana sp. n. (female). 2. Right wings of Capnia mitsuseana sp. n. 3–5. Capnia mitsuseana sp. n. (male). 3. Terminalia, dorsal view. 4. Terminalia, lateral view. 5. Epiproct, lateral view (above), dorsal view (below). Ec = eversible crest, Ep-scl = main epiproct sclerite, arrow = needle-like process. Illiesia – http://illiesia.speciesfile.org Volume 14 – Number 9 – Page 156 Hanada, Satoko. 2018. A new species of Capnia Pictet, 1841 (Plecoptera: Capniidae) from Kyushu, Japan, with description of male drumming signals. Illiesia, 14(09):155-161. https://doi.org/10.25031/2018/14.09 the Lake Biwa Museum, Shiga Prefecture, Japan, Village, Yame City, Fukuoka Prefecture, and additional materials are deposited in the 33°13.82′N, 130°50.88′E, alt. 716 m, Kumado River, author’s collection. 25.I.2015, 4♀; same locality, 16.I.2016, 1♀; same Recording of drumming signals. Four males locality, 28.II.2016, 1♀; Kamiose, Fuji Town, Saga collected from the type locality on 16 January and 7 City, Saga Prefecture, 33°28.22′ N, 130°16.21′E, alt. February 2016 were used for recordings of male 515 m, Hatsuse River, 7.III.2015, 1♀; same locality, call signals under solitary condition. These males 3.I. 2016, 2♂; same locality, 9.I.2016, 2♂, 1♀; same were kept individually in plastic cylinders with a locality, 30.I.2016, 1♀; same locality, 2.I.2018, 1♂; piece of wet absorbent cotton and lichens from same locality, 7.I.2018, 1♂; Mitsuse, Mitsuse Town, their habitat as food source. The male drumming Saga City, Saga Prefecture, 33°27.91′N, 130°16.47′E, signals were recorded and analyzed in accordance alt. 448 m, Hatsuse River, 16.I.2016, 1♀; same with the methodology conducted by Hanada locality, 2.I.2018, 1♀; same locality, 21.I.2018, 1♀; (2018). The terminology of drumming signals same locality, 23.II.2018, 1♂; Ikisa, Ouchi Town, follows that of Sandberg (2011) and Sandberg et al. Karatsu City, Saga Prefecture, 33°22.19′N, (2015). 130°02.95′ E, alt. 320 m, Saikisa River, 17.III.2018, 1♂; Yoshida, Ureshino City, Saga Prefecture, DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 33°01.30′N, 130°02.09′E, alt. 460 m, Yoshida River, 29.I.2000, 2♂, 3♀; same locality, 8.III.2000, 1♂. Capnia mitsuseana sp. n. http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid:Plecoptera.speciesfile.org: Adult habitus. Macropterous (Fig. 1), but wing TaxonName:504342 length somewhat variable (forewing length / body (Figs. 1–10) length = 0.68–1.17, n = 47 individuals). Wings Material examined. Holotype ♂, Japan: Iiba, subhyaline and slightly brownish; veins brown and Sawara Ward, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, partly pale. 1A of fore-wing typical to that of 33°28.73′N, 130°17.11′E, alt. 480 m, Muromi River, Capnia, bent abruptly caudad at its junction with 1.II.2015. Paratypes: 1♀, type locality, 24.I.2015; 4♂, cu-a and curved outward again; R1 of fore-wing 1♀, type locality, 21.II.2015; 2♂, type locality, typical to that of Capnia, bent upward at its origin; 3.I.2016; 4♀, type locality, 21.I.2018. Cu1 and Cu2 of forewing originating from the Additional materials. Japan: Iiba, Sawara Ward, different points on arculus (Fig. 2), but rarely from Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture (type locality), the same point on arculus (11%, n = 46 16.II.2013, 1♂, 1♀; same locality, 23. III.2013, 1♀; individuals). General color dark brown. Head, same locality, 13.I.2014, 1♂, 1♀; same locality, thoracic sclerites and basal segments of abdomen 22.II.2014, 1♂, 1♀ (copulating pair); same locality, typical to those of Capnia. Cerci long, brownish, 10.I.2015, 1♀; same locality, 12.I.2015, 1♀; same and composed of 16–26 segments (n = 10 locality, 18.I.2015, 1♂, 1♀; same locality, 24.I.2015, individuals). 4♂, 1♀; same locality, 22.II.2015, 1♂; same locality, Male. Body 4.8–7.0 mm (n = 23) long. Forewing 28.II.2015, 1♀; same locality, 3.I.2016, 1♀; same 3.8–6.0 mm (n = 23) long. Tergum 7 modified (Figs. locality, 16.I.2016, 5♂; same locality, 2.II.2016, 2♂, 3 & 4): the anterior margin rising and forming a 1♀; same locality, 7.II.2016, 1♂, 1♀; same locality, pair of small and short tubercles with blunt tips; 28.II.2016, 1♂; same locality, 14.I.2017, 1♀; same the posterior margin extending upward and locality, 29.I.2017, 1♂; same locality, 2.I.2018, 2♂, forming a large tubercle with a rough, rounded 2♀; same locality, 23.II.2018, 2♂, 1♀; same locality, apex bearing sensilla basiconia, the back of which 4.III.2018, 1♀; Magaribuchi, Sawara Ward, Fukuoka covers the tip of epiproct; membranous field City, Fukuoka Prefecture, 33°28.97′N, 130°17.34′E, located on antero-middle of tergum 7. The anterior alt. 410 m, Muromi River, 24.I.2015, 9♂, 5♀; same margin of tergum 8 slightly curved posteriorly. locality, 31.I.2015, 1♂; same locality, 22.II.2015, 1♂; Main epiproct sclerite long and rather narrow with same locality, 21.II.2016, 1♂; Kumado, Hoshino a taper, rounded tip in dorsal view; its bottom Illiesia – http://illiesia.speciesfile.org Volume 14 – Number 9 – Page 157 Hanada, Satoko. 2018. A new species of Capnia Pictet, 1841 (Plecoptera: Capniidae) from Kyushu, Japan, with description of male drumming signals. Illiesia, 14(09):155-161. https://doi.org/10.25031/2018/14.09 6 7 8 9 10 Figs. 6–7. Capnia mitsuseana sp. n. (male). 6. Terminalia, ventral view. 7. Fusion plate, dorsal view (internal view). rp = retractoral plate, sbp = subgenital plate. Figs. 8–10. Capnia mitsuseana sp. n. (female). 8. Terminalia, ventral view. 9. Cleared terminalia and inner vaginal sclerites, ventral view. 10. Cleared terminalia and inner vaginal sclerites, ventro-lateral view. Illiesia – http://illiesia.speciesfile.org Volume 14 – Number 9 – Page 158 Hanada, Satoko. 2018. A new species of Capnia Pictet, 1841 (Plecoptera: Capniidae) from Kyushu, Japan, with description of male drumming signals. Illiesia, 14(09):155-161. https://doi.org/10.25031/2018/14.09 11 Fig. 11. A male call signal sequence of Capnia mitsuseana sp. n. consisting of four signals. i = inter-beat interval. nearly straight in lateral view; a pair of needle-like 5.0–7.2 mm (n = 24) long. Abdominal terga 1 to 8 processes located on either side of its tip (Fig. 5). with broad longitudinal membranous fields Eversible crest of epiproct swollen in lateral view along the midline; terga 9 and 10 fully (Fig. 5). Sternum 9 without a vesicle on the basal sclerotized. Posterior margin of sternum 7 margin (Fig. 6). Subgenital plate large and tongue- protruding backward (Fig. 8). Subgenital plate of like shape with a small rounded quadrangular tip; sternum 8 nearly same length of sternum 8; indented basolaterally (Figs. 6 & 7). Fusion plate rounded and having short posteromedial lobe somewhat shield-shaped, and the anterior margin (Fig. 8). A pair of longitudinal inner vaginal connected by membrane with a small, sclerites bent ventrally near the anterior ends; subtriangular, sclerotized retractoral plate (Fig. 7). curved outward near the posterior ends; visible Paraproct with a dilated apex (Fig. 7). through the subgenital plate as two longitudinal Female. Body 6.0–8.9 mm (n = 24) long. Forewing stripes (Figs. 9 & 10). Table 1. Male call signal data of Capnia mitsuseana sp. n. under solitary condition at 16.8–17.0°C. The values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (Mo = mode, n = number of samples) and range. Mean inter- beat interval pattern was determined by mean ID (a maximum – minimum interval difference): H = horizontal interval pattern determined by interval difference (ID) ≦10 (Sandberg et al. 2011). mean inter- inter-beat intervals (ms) ID & mean inter- num. of beats beat interval beat interval (ms) i1 i2 i3 pattern 3.7 ± 0.5 39.6 ± 2.5 39.1 ± 2.1 39.1 ± 2.0 40.9 ± 3.1 1.8 (Mo = 4, n = 43) (n = 115) (n = 43) (n = 43) (n = 29) H 3–4 34.8–53.7 34.8–45.0 36.3–43.5 36.3–53.7 Drumming signals. Two males (0-day-old and 17.0°C. Because no female answers were recorded, one-day-old after capture) produced signals by the call of males is tentatively described as a percussion involving up-down abdominal monophasic signal (Fig. 11). The male call signal movements under solitary condition at 16.8– was composed of 3.7 ± 0.5 beats with 39.6 ± 2.5 ms Illiesia – http://illiesia.speciesfile.org Volume 14 – Number 9 – Page 159 Hanada, Satoko. 2018. A new species of Capnia Pictet, 1841 (Plecoptera: Capniidae) from Kyushu, Japan, with description of male drumming signals. Illiesia, 14(09):155-161. https://doi.org/10.25031/2018/14.09 mean inter-beat interval (Fig. 11, Table 1). The was horizontal. The two males always produced signal durations averaged 105.8 ms (SD = 21.3, series of monophasic signals (Fig. 11). The signal range = 71.1–132.1, n = 43). Interval difference was sequence consisted of 3.9 ± 0.5 signals (range = 3–5, 1.8 ms (40.9 – 39.1 = 1.8 ms ≦ 10 ms ID) (Table 1), mode = 4, n = 11) with 287.7 ± 30.4 ms mean signal and therefore the mean inter-beat interval pattern interval (range = 220.6–364.3, n = 32). 12 Fig. 12. Type locality of Capnia mitsuseana sp. n. Ecological notes. This new species was collected anterior margin and a large tubercle on the from the upper reaches of rivers (Fig. 14). The posterior margin (Uéno 1929, Kohno 1952, Kawai emergence period is mainly during winter and 1957). The new species differs from all the others early spring (I–III). The adults were found on the by the anterior tubercles of tergum 7 being smaller parapets of bridges and the guard rails. and by the main epiproct sclerite being long and Distribution. Japan (northern Kyushu). rather narrow with a taper, rounded tip in dorsal Etymology. The specific name mitsuseana refers to view and with nearly straight bottom in lateral the Mitsuse Pass where the new species was found. view. Females of the new species can be Remarks. Males of this new species resemble distinguished from other Japanese Capnia species Capnia asakawana Kohno, 1952, C. bituberculata by abdominal sternum 7 extending caudally over Uéno, 1929, C. kibuneana Kawai, 1957 and C. the anterior margin of the 8th sternum and by the fukushimana Kohno, 1952 in the structure of the short subgenital plate of sternum 8 not extending modified abdominal tergum 7 where all members past the posterior edge of the sternum and by the of the group displayed a pair of tubercles on the distinct two longitudinal stripes seen on the Illiesia – http://illiesia.speciesfile.org Volume 14 – Number 9 – Page 160 Hanada, Satoko. 2018. A new species of Capnia Pictet, 1841 (Plecoptera: Capniidae) from Kyushu, Japan, with description of male drumming signals. Illiesia, 14(09):155-161. https://doi.org/10.25031/2018/14.09 subgenital plate. Capniidae. Bulletin of the Toyama Science ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Museum, 26:103–115. [Japanese with English Thanks are due to Mr. Hiroki Maruyama for his Abstract] contribution collecting the specimens. I am grateful Uéno, M. 1929. Studies on the stoneflies of Japan. to two reviewers and the editors for their helpful Memoirs of the College of Science, Kyoto comments and suggestions. Imperial University, Series B, 4(2):97–155 with plate XXIV. REFERENCES DeWalt, R.E., M.D. Maehr, U. Neu-Becker & G. Stueber. 2018. Plecoptera Species File Online. Version 5.0/5.0. Accessed 25 September 2018. http://plecoptera.species file.org Submitted 28 September 2018, Accepted 1 November 2018, Published 3 December 2018 Hanada, S. 2014. Stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) Hosted and published at the University of Illinois, Illinois collected from Sefuri Mountains, Kyushu, Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois, U.S.A. western Japan. Biology of Inland Waters, 29:17– 26. [Japanese with English Abstract] Hanada, S. 2016a. 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Serpa, & E.F. Drake. 2015. The drumming signals of three winter stonefly species (Capniidae, Leuctridae: Plecoptera); with discussion resolving two common interval patterns. Illiesia, 11(06):51–74. Shimizu, T. & H. Negoro. 2003. The stoneflies collected on snows in Toyama and its adjoining Prefectures: Stoneflies except apterous Illiesia – http://illiesia.speciesfile.org Volume 14 – Number 9 – Page 161