© The Author, 2012. Journal compilation © Australian Museum, Sydney, 2012 Records of the Australian Museum (2012) Vol. 64: 159-166. ISSN 0067-1975 http://dx.doi.Org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.64.2012.1593 A New Genus and Species of the Subfamily Tachiniscinae (Diptera, Tephritidae) from Australia Valery A. Korneyev I.I.Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15, 01601 Kiev, Ukraine valery. korneyev@gmail. com Abstract. A parasitic fly Aliasutra australica new genus and species is described, and the subfamily Tachiniscinae is recorded from Australia for the first time. The new species superficially resembles pyrgotid flies by lacking frontal setae and wing pattern, and by having numerous proepisternal setae and brownish yellow body. It possesses a unique structure of female terminalia, which is a synapomorphy of the Tachiniscinae, and the incomplete costal vein, long tubular phallus and elongate spermathecae, which are considered synapomorphies of the tribe Tachiniscini, and is placed in that tribe. Korneyev, Valery A. 2012. A new genus and species of the subfamily Tachiniscinae (Diptera, Tephritidae) from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 64(3): 159-166. Keywords: Tephritoidea; Tephritidae; Tachiniscinae; Tachiniscini; new genus; new species; Australia. Tephritid flies of the subfamily Tachiniscinae are rare in Neotropical Regions and also in south eastern provinces collections and are poorly known biologically, but they are of China, usually considered to belong in the Palaearctic important to understanding the phylogeny of the Tephritidae, Region. An undescribed genus and species related to as they appear to be the earliest branch of the family. As far as Tachinisca is recognised in collections from the Oriental known, some species are parasites of caterpillars of saturniid Region (T. Saigusa, pers. comm.). moths, and this is believed to be true for all the Tachiniscinae, While studying the Diptera collection at the Australian as they share similar structure of female ovipositor. Such Museum (Sydney), VAK found a series of odd flies uncommon habits, different from other Tephritidae, which recognized by David K. McAlpine as a new genus and have phytophagous or saprophagous larvae, along with species, superficially resembling some Pyrgotidae and odd appearance of some species mimetic of bumblebees or therefore preliminarily sorted with the pyrgotid genera. wasps, has resulted in establishment of a nominal family Detailed study of female genitalia shows that they possess Tachiniscidae, which later was shown to include some essential characters of the subfamily Tachiniscinae. The species of typically tephritid habitus and synonymised with new taxa are described below. Tephritidae (Korneyev, 1999). All hitherto known data were Type material is deposited in the collections as follows: summarised by Korneyev & Norrbom (2006). The subfamily included 20 described species belonging AMS Australian Museum, Sydney; to 9 genera of two tribes, Tachiniscini and Ortalotrypetini, SIZK 1.1. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, Kiev; which were known to occur in the Afrotropical and MNVM Museum of Victoria, Melbourne. 160 Records of the Australian Museum (2012) Vol. 64 Figs 1-3. Aliasutra australica n.sp., paratype female, photographs. (1) dorsal view; (2) lateral left view; (3) head, anterior view. Aliasutra n.gen. Description. Head (Figs 4-7) slightly higher than long. Frons slightly longer than wide, setulose. Frontal setae Type species: Aliasutra australica n.sp. absent. Orbital plates short, only slightly extending anterior Diagnosis. Medium-sized flies (Figs 1-3), which can be to ocellar triangle, with 2 short, lateroclinate and slightly recognized from other Tachiniscinae by the combination of: reclinate setae. Face receding, slightly convex in profile, arista bare; costal vein not reaching apex of vein M; head with distinct antennal grooves extending ventrally to 0.4 and thorax uniformly brownish yellow; frontal and ocellar height of face, and with sharply margined medial carina, setae absent; 2 pairs of lateroclinate orbital setae; postvertical very broad on ventral 0.6; fronto-facial sutures reaching seta short, only 2x as long as occipital setulae; proepisternal bases of antennal grooves (Fig. 5). Facial ridge as wide as ridge with 5-6 long biseriate setae; 2 postpronotal and 1-2 antennal groove, with supravibrissal setulae in 3-5 rows, postsutural supra-alar setae; 1 dorsocentral seta aligned but no prominent vibrissae: lowermost setulae only twice as with intraalar setae; 3 pairs of scutellar setae; wing hyaline long as other setulae. Ptilinal fissure ending slightly below without pattern. level of ventral margin of eye. Ocellar seta lacking; medial vertical seta half as long as horizontal diameter of eye and Korneyev: a new tephritid genus from Australia 161 Figs 4-7. Aliasutra australica n.sp., head, SEM. (4) left; (5) anterior; (6) dorsal; (7) posterior. Scale = 0.2 mm. 1.8x as long as lateral vertical seta; postvertical seta small, setae. Anepisternum not produced laterally, setulose at most twice as long as occipital setulae. Postocellar seta medially and posteriorly; 2 strong postsutural anepisternal 1.5x as long as orbital setae. Postocular setulae acuminate, setae. Anepimeron with 2(1) setae, sometimes weak (not weak, not differentiated from occipital setulae. No genal mounted on projection). Katepisternum with 1 moderately setae. Postgenal groove very long, reaching upper half of strong lateroclinate posterodorsal seta and 10-14 reclinate compound eye. Antenna attached at level of upper 0.6 of eye setae anterior to midcoxa. Katepimeron not modified. height; scape (Fig. 8) very short, anteriorly directed, setose Postnotum at most sparsely and short microtrichose or in apicodorsal half; pedicel (Fig. 10) as long as wide, with bare. Metathoracic postcoxal area unsclerotized. Legs dorsal cleft and pedicellar button (Fig. 11) well developed; (Figs 14-21). Fore coxa with 4-5 setae at anteroventral margins of pedicel setulose, ventromedial surface sparsely margin; fore trochanter with a few short setulae; fore femur microtrichose, but not setulose; 1st flagellomere (Fig. 9) with two postero-dorsal rows and one postero-ventral row oval, densely microtrichose, with laterobasal sacculus (Fig. of setae. Mid tibia (Fig. 17) with 1 anterodorsal seta and 12); arista 2-segmented (antennal segments 4 and 5 partly 1 posterodorsal setae on apical half, and with 2 long and fused), very short pubescent at base. Palp (Fig. 13) elongate 2 short spur-like ventroapical setae (Fig. 19); hind tibia ovoid, dorsal margin slightly concave, setulose. Prementum (Fig. 20) with anterodorsal row of 4-7, and dorsal row of small, not strongly convex; labella shorter and narrower than 7-11 setulae. Wing (Fig. 24) hyaline, without dark pattern. flagellomere 1, linear. Subcostal vein distally curved to meet costa at right angle, Thorax. Proepisternum less than twice as high as long, but not broken apically. Vein R4+5 with 5-7 setulae to level convex, with 5-6 subequal setae. Postpronotal lobe with of r-m (or slightly beyond it) on dorsal side, bare on ventral 2-3 strong setae. Scutum with 1 presutural and 1 or 2 side. Costal vein with many equally short spinules (sensu postsutural supra-alar, 1 intrapostalar, 1 postalar and Hackman & Vaisanen, 1985) on anterodorsal margin 1-2 intra-alar setae; 1 acrostichal seta aligned slightly to the mid-distance between R2+3 and R4+5 apices and anterior or posterior to intra-alar and postalar setae; 1-2 sparse fine setulae along ventral and dorsal surface, but dorsocentral setae (sometimes setula-like) aligned slightly no differentiated costal spines proximal to costal break. anterior to intra-alar and postalar setae. Scutellum slightly Abdomen. Tergites 3-5 of female of equal length, tergite convex, setulose, with 3, rarely 2 pairs of strong subequal 6 half as long as tergite 5. Sternites (Figs 27, 29) broad, 162 Records of the Australian Museum (2012) Vol. 64 Figs 8-13. Aliasutra australica n.sp., head appendages, SEM. (8) antennae (flagellomeres detached); (9) flagellomere 1 and arista (a, base of arista, enlarged); (10) pedicel after removal of flagellomeres, apical, pedicellar button indicated; (11) pedicellar button; (12) base of flagellomere 3, sacculus indicated; (13) subcranial area and mouthparts, anteroventral view. Scale = 0.1 mm (8, 9, 10, 13) and 0.05 mm (9a, 11, 12). trapezoid; sternite 1 poorly sclerotized, separated from Phallus (Figs 28, 35-36) with short bare stipe and narrow, sternite 2. non-sclerotized glans (half as long as stipe) and laterally Male terminalia (Figs 27-28,32-37). Cerci (Fig. 32-33) projected, serrate lobe of preglans (Fig. 36); membrane mostly membranous, with very short setulae, ventrobasally posterior to basiphallus with postero-dorsally directed with subtriangular, dorsally curved sclerotized portion microtrichia (similarly to most examined Tephritidae). (subepandrial sclerite). Epandrium suboval, dorsally with Female terminalia. Oviscape short, with large dorso- very long setae; with moderately short and wide lateral apical opening, setae on dorsal side along opening (Figs (outer) surstylus and 2 prensisetae on mesal (inner) sur- 25-26, 29) 2x as long as setulae on ventral side. Eversible stylus. Hypandrium with posteriorly expanded phallapodeme membrane with large ventral area of dark scales (Figs connected to two gonites by widely separated vanes. 25-26,30); aculeus with nonsetulose anterodorsal dilation, Korneyev: a new tephritid genus from Australia 163 Figs 14-21. Aliasutra australica n.sp., left fore (14-16), mid (17-19) and hind (20-21) legs, SEM. (14) total, posterior view; (15) tarsus, ventral; (16) apex of fore tibia and base of tarsus, posterior, comb of apicoventral setulae indicated; (17) total, posterior view, apical tarsomere broken off; (18) mid coxa; (19) apex of mid tibia, ventral view; (20) total, anterior view; (21) last tarsomere, apical view, empodium indicated. Scale = 0.5 mm (14-15, 17, 20), 0.1 mm (16, 18-19, 21). slightly narrowed in medial half, and dilated apical portion spermatheca itself; ventral receptacle unrecognizable or with smooth edges; ventral lobes (8th sternite) indistinct; in absent. dissected paratype, 4 spermathecae elongate and wrinkled, spermathecal ducts separate to vagina, much shorter than Etymology. The genus name is an anagram of “Australia”. 164 Records of the Australian Museum (2012) Vol. 64 Figs 22-26. Aliasutra australica n.sp. (22-23 and 25-26, SEM). (22) prosternal region, anterior view (head detached); (23) postpronotal lobe, proepisternum and anterior thoracic spiracle; (24) wing; 25-26, tergite 6 and ovipositor, dorsal (25) and laterodorsal view (26). Scale = 0.5 mm (22-23, 25-26) and 1 mm (24). Aliasutra australica n.sp. Diagnosis. Medium-sized reddish-yellow flies with hyaline wings and brownish-black abdomen (sometimes with brown Figs 31—43 vertex and dorsal portion of occiput and brownish-yellow abdomen). Material examined. Holotype $. Queensland: “3 miNWMt. Mowbullan, Bunya Mtns, Qld. 3350' [c. 1020 m], 7-8 Jan. 1970, MV lamp, G.A. Description. Head. Reddish yellow, with ocellar triangle Holloway Coll.” (AMS K351925). Paratypes. Queensland: same usually black, vertex and dorsal portion of occiput often label data as holotype (1$ mounted on SEM stub, wings remaining on mount) (AMS, SIZK); 1& 2?$, Burnett R., Eidsvold, 230’ [c. 70 m] 9 brown; head ratio (length : height : width) = 1:1.1:1.33. Jan. 1970, MV lamp, G.A. Holloway (AMS, SIZK); 3£$, Pistol Gap, near Frons 1.1-1.2x as long as wide, black setulose. Two orbital Byfield, 23° 10’S 150°40’E, 10 Jan. 1970, MV lamp, G.A. Holloway (AMS). setae on posterior one-fourth of frons, 0.5x as long as medial New South Wales: 1$, Goonoo State Forest, 5 km S of Mendooran, 24 Mar. vertical seta. Eye ratio (height: length) = 1.4-1.5. Parafacial 1971, D.K. McAlpine (SIZK); 1 <?, Binnaway State Forest, 31 Mar. 1972, A. & G. Daniels (AMS); 1 $, Wheogo, 13 miles [c. 21 km] E of Dunedoo, 17 (maximum): eye length ratio = 0.55; eye : gena height ratio Mar. 1963, R. Lossin(AMS); 1 ?, Dunedoo, 23 Mar. 1963, R.B. (MNVM). = 0.5. Facial ridge with 2-3 rows of small brown or black Korneyev: a new tephritid genus from Australia 165 Figs 27-31. Aliasutra australica n.sp., male (27-28) and female (29-31). (27, 29) abdomen, ventral view; (28) phallus glans, enlarged; (30) ovipositor, partly everted and compressed, ventral view; (31) spermathecae and vagina. setulae on ventral two-thirds. Antenna short, length less than hyaline, differing from pyrgotids by the structure of the half height of face; pedicel black setulose; 1st flagellomere oviscape (aperture apicodorsal rather than apical). short, somewhat narrowed to apex, twice as long as wide Systematic position. Phylogenetic relationships in the sub¬ and 1.7-1.8* as long as pedicel. Palp yellow, black setulose. family and its classification were analysed by Korneyev & Proboscis brown. Norrbom (2006). Thorax orange to dark brown, mostly nonmicrotrichose. Aliasutra n.gen. belongs in the subfamily Tachiniscinae Mesonotum 3.15 mm long, scutum as long as wide at pre- sharing its much specialised structure of female terminalia sutural supraalar setae. Scutellum setulose dorsally; apical (oviscape with dorsoapical aperture, ventrally spinulose setae crossed, intermediate setae as long as basal and apical eversible membrane, and aculeus shape), which are the setae. Proepistemum with 6-7 long setae as long as postpronotal synapomorphies of the Tachiniscinae and do not occur setae. Katatergite and anatergite short and sparsely micro- anywhere else in the superfamily Tephritoidea. Otherwise, trichose; subscutellum and mediotergite bare. Setae black. it shows very slight similarity to other genera of the Legs. Yellow to brown. subfamily. Its head shape (high gena, receding face) and the Wing. Entirely hyaline, with yellow veins, 3-3.2x as long absence of anepimeral projection are similar to Cyaforma as wide, with yellowish stigma. Crossvein r-m at distal 0.6 of Wang, Ortalotrypeta Hendel, Neortalotrypeta Norrbom cell dm; 2nd costal section (cell c) 3.1 x as long as 3rd costal and Agnitrena Korneyev, but polarity of the first two section (stigma) and 0.95x as long as 4th section (cell rl); characters is unclear, and the third character is obviously 2nd section of vein M 1.25 x as long as 1st and 3rd section plesiomorphic. As in Neortalotrypeta, Agnitrena and and 0.7x as long as 4th section. Cell bcu with posteroapical Bibundia, the frontal setae are lacking in Aliasutra. The lobe much shorter than broadest width of cell. new genus also shares the additional postpronotal setae Abdomen 1.1-1.2 x as wide as long. Tergites nonmicro¬ with Ortalotrypeta, Bibundia Bischof, Tachinisca Kertesz, trichose, black setose, normal in width. Female tergite 6 and Protortalotrypeta Norrbom. exposed, 0.5x as long as tergite 5. On the other hand, it shares the short vertical plates with Setae and setulae. All black. Tachinisca and Protortalotrypeta, the incomplete costal Male terminalia. As in Figs 27-28, 32-37. vein with Bibundia, Tachinisca, Tachiniscidia Malloch, Female terminalia. As in Figs 25-26 and 30-31. Oviscape and Protortalotrypeta, and the elongate spermathecae and 0.55 mm long. phallus glans with Bibundia, Tachinisca and Tachiniscidia Measurements. Body length 7.5-8.0 mm. Wing length (not examined in the fossil Protortalotrypeta). The last 3 5.0-6.0 mm. characters are the synapomorphies of the tribe Tachiniscini Etymology. The species name is a New Fatin adjective (Korneyev & Norrbom, 2006). — Australian. When included in the phylogenetic analysis (see Korneyev & Norrbom [2006] for the matrix and tree), Remarks. The new species superficially reminds flies Aliasutra takes position of a basal taxon in the tribe of the family Pyrgotidae in such characters as the frontal Tachiniscini along with the fossil Protortalotrypeta, but setae lacking, the postocular groove well expressed, the the polytomy remain unresolved, as the morphological data proepisternal setae long and numerous, and the wing mostly remain incomplete for the latter genus. 166 Records of the Australian Museum (2012) Vol. 64 Figs 32-37. Aliasutra australica n.sp., male postabdomen. (32) epandrium, posterior view; (33) epandrium and hypandrium, right view (phallus detached); (34) hypandrium, ventral view; (35) phallus glans; (36) same, basal part, showing lobe of preglans; (37) ejaculatory apodeme. Acknowledgments. This study resulted from the studies of References Australian genera of the family Pyrgotidae supported by Geddes Visiting Collection Fellowship at the Australian Museum (Sydney). Hackman, W., and R. Vaisanen. 1985. The evolution and I greatly appreciate constant attention to this work and generous phylogenetic significance of the costal chaetotaxy in the Diptera. assistance by David K. McAlpine, who has collected some of the Annales Zoologici Fennici 22: 169-203. type specimens and recognized it as a new taxon. He kindly read Korneyev, V. A. 1999. Phylogenetic relationships among the manuscript and offered valuable comments and corrections. higher groups of the superfamily Tephritoidea. In Fruit flies Suzanne Lindsay carried out scanning electron microscopy and (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior, ed. M. assisted with macro images. Most of the type material was collected Aluja & A. L. Norrbom. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Korneyev, V. A., and A. L. Norrbom. 2006. Genera of the subfamily by the recently deceased Geoffrey A. Holloway, formerly of the Australian Museum. Tachiniscinae (Diptera, Tephritidae), with discussion of the position of Descoleia Aczel and Nosferatumyia, gen. n. (Tephritoidea incertae sedis). Instrumentas Biodiversitatis. Geneva 7: 105-156.