Revue suisse de Zoologie 118 (1): 31-37; mars 2011 A new Eudorylas Aczél, 1940 from Central Asia (Diptera: Pipunculidae) KEHLMAIER Christian Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Muséum ofZoology, Kônigsbrucker Landstrasse 159, D-01109 Dresden, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] A new Eudorylas Aczél, 1940 from Central Asia (Diptera: Pipun- culidae). - Eudorylasmanasi Kehlmaiersp. n. is described from a spécimen collected in the eastern part ofthe Kyrgyz Republic.The maie holotype and its genitalia are figured. The species is briefly compared to other members ofthe Eudorylasfascipes species group ofthe Palaearctic and incorporated in an existing identification key. The pipunculid species presently recorded from the Kyrgyz Republic are listed. Keywords: Diptera - Pipunculidae - Eudorylas - new species - Kyrgyz Republic - Palaearctic. INTRODUCTION Pipunculidae, commonly known as big-headed flies, are traditionally being consideredataxonomic difficultgroupofcyclorrhaphan Diptera. However,substantial progress could be achieved during the last three décades with many gênera or tribes being systematically revised on a régional or world scale. Whereas in the mid 1980s some 700 species were known (Skevington & De Meyer, 2004), this number now stands at 1.400 (Skevington,unpublisheddatabase).The rise in species numbers is due to factthat authors set theirfocus onA) régions previously neglected,and B) the struc- ture ofthe maie génital apparatus as the main and in many instances sole feature for DNA identifying and separating species (besides the increasing importance of bar- codes).Today,this knowledge ofthe suitability ofdifférentgénital features for species circumscription is well-grounded and,basedon a specialist's expertise,also allows the érection of new taxa based on singletons only. In the case of the Eudorylini, it is the structure ofthe phallic guide, phallus and surstyli which essentially are necessary for the identification ofa spécimen. MATERIALAND METHODS The material was collectedby Dr. ValéryA. Korneyev (Kiev) and Dr. Bernhard Merz (Geneva) and subsequently deposited at the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle Genève (MHNG). The descriptive part, including morphological terminology and drawings, follows previous works (Kehlmaier, 2005a, 2005b). However, in contrast to the terms 'inner' and 'outer' previously applied to differentiate between the position ofsurstyli, Manuscript accepted29.06.2010 32 C. KEHLMAIER gonopods and sidesoftheepandrium,the terms 'left'and 'right'are usedin accordance vvith Skevington (e.g. 2001, 2002), representing the actual morphological location of thèse structures. The following ratios and abbreviations are used in the descriptive part of the study: LF:WF - length of flagellum to its width; F:EM:V - frons length to length of eyes meeting to vertex length; LW:MWW - length of wing to max. width of wing; LS:LTC - length ofpterostigma to length ofthird costal segment; LTC:LFC - length ofthird costal segment to length offourth costal segment; MLE:MWE - max. length ofepandrium to max. width ofepandrium (viewed dorsally). TAXONOMIC RESULTS Eudorylas manasi Kehlmaier sp. n. Type material: Holotype, â Kyrgyz Republic, Sary Dzhaz River Basin, Kayingdy , Kattah Mountain Ridge, 41°57'34.14"N 79°87.01"E, 2550-2600m, 8.VII.1994, leg. V. Korneyev,coll. MHNG. Locus typicus: The spécimen was collected in the eastern most part of the country in the Sary Dzhaz River Basin in the Kayingdy Kattah Mountain Ridge which belongs tothe CentralTien Shan Mountains.The locality can be characterized as adry steppe with maximumday températures at 16-21°Candstonyorpoorsoils.Végétation is composed offew Gramineae grasses, some Artemisia,Aster,Limonium, Saussurea, Youngia plus willow shrubs (Salix) andbirches {Betula) along streams (Korneyevpers. comm.). Etymology: The taxon is named after the eponymous hero of the Epie of Manas, a traditional poem ofthe Kyrgyz people consisting ofapproximately 500.000 lines. Besides, Manasi is also a Hindi female forename. Description (Maie) Body length: About 3.9 mm. Head (Figs 1-2): Face dark, silver-grey pollinose. Scape dark, with one short upper bristle. Pedicel dark, with two short upper bristles and one short lower bristle. Flagellum dark yellow, tapering and grey pollinose (LF:WF=2.6). Arista dark, flattened, with thickened base. Eyes meeting for 13 facets. F:EM:V=1:1.1:0.8. Frons dark, silver-grey pollinose. Vertex dark, lacking pollinosity. Occiput dark and grey pollinose, but with a whiffoffaint brownish pollinosity intermingled in upper half. Thorax (Figs 1-2): Pleura, prescutum, scutum and scutellum dark. Pleura grey pollinose. Postpronotal lobe yellow, weakly grey pollinose and with fourpostpronotal hairs along upper margin. Prescutum and scutum narrowly grey pollinose in anterior quarter, posterior fifth and narrowly along latéral margins, otherwise brown pollinose and with two uniseriate dorsocentral rows ofhairand some supra-alarhairs. Scutellum dorsocentrally brown pollinose, otherwise grey pollinose and with approximately ten hairs along posterior margin (up to 0.06 mm). Subscutellum silver-grey pollinose. Wing: Length: 4.5 mm. LW:MWW=3.9. Wing almost entirely covered with microtrichia.Only small basai cellsofwing,e.g.,bc,basaiquarterofc,verybeginning ofrl and middle part ofse with microtrichia absent or reduced. Pterostigma complète (LS:LTC=1.0). LTC:LFC=1.1. r-m reaches dm shortly before one third of the cell's length. Ml gently undulating. A NEW EUDORYLAS FROM CENTRALASIA 33 Fig. 1 Left latéral view ofmaie holotype ofE. manasi sp. n. Fig. 2 Rightdorsolateral view ofhead and thorax ofmaie holotype ofE.manasi sp. n. - 34 C. KEHLMAIER Halter. Length: 0.5 mm. Base and knob dark. Stem narrowly white. Legs (Fig. 1): Coxae dark, grey pollinose and with a yellow anteroapical mar- gin on front and mid coxae. Mid coxa with one strong flattened dark anterior bristle and two shorter hairs on inner apical corner.Trochanters brownish-yellow, partly grey pollinose. Hind trochanter with about 4 short hairs anteroventrally. Femora dark, dis- tinctly yellow at apices, grey pollinose except hind fémur shining posteroventrally. Mid fémurbearing two ventral rows ofsmall peglike spines in apical two thirds. Front fémur with posteroventral row ofsuch spines in apical two thirds. Hind fémur without such distinct ventral spines. Tibiae yellow and entirely grey pollinose, but ventrally in apical halfbrownish. Front and mid tibiae with small apical spines, as long as pulvilli. Hind tibia with a wrinkled indentation midanteriorly bearing no prominent spines or hairs. Tarsi yellowish and weakly grey pollinose, but distitarsus dorsally brown. Pulvilli as long as (fore leg) or slightly shorter (mid and hind leg) than distitarsi. Abdomen (Fig. 1): Ground colour dark. Tergite 1 with five dark latéral bristles (up to 0.14 mm). Tergite 1 entirely grey pollinose. Tergite 2 to 5 laterally grey polli- nose,extending onto dorsal surface along posteriormargin and meeting (broadly so on tergite 2 and 5),otherwise brown pollinose. Syntergosternite 8 dark. Membranous area rather large and ovate, broadest in upper half, placed slightly to the right and caudally directed (Fig. 6). Sternites dark, grey pollinose. Genitalia: Génital capsule dorsal view: Epandrium distinctly palerthan tergites and longerthan wide (MLE:MWE=1.2). Surstyli ofthe same colouras epandrium and asymmetrical (Fig. 9). Right surstylus deeply scythe-shaped with a long inner finger- like projection, left surstylus of triangular shape. Génital capsule ventral view: Gonopods asymmetric, leftone ofmédium size,rightone small (Fig. 3). Phallus trifid, presumably ail ejaculatory ducts of equal length (one ejaculatory duct is partly missing) and circular (Fig. 5). Phallic guide rather long, narrow and pointed, with latéral hairs in its middle (Fig. 3). Dorsal projections and hyaline ventral lobe some- whatvisiblebutbestseenfromlatéral view (seebelow). Subepandrial sclerite withfew scattered inconspicuous hairs. Génital capsule latéral view: Left side of epandrium without a projecting ventral lobe but with a blunt angle (Fig. 10). Left surstylus dis- tinctly convex dorsally (Fig. 10). Right surstylus as in Fig. 8. Phallic guide dorso medially with two distinctive rather symmetric upcurved hooklike projections and a hyaline apical lobe on its left side (Fig.4). Ejaculatory apodeme spade-shaped (Fig. 7). Female: unknown. Remarks: The species is placed within the Eudorylasfascipes species group as defined by Kehlmaier(2005a): Taxa with predominantly yellow postpronotal lobe and base ofhind fémur, the latter at least anteroventrally; maies with a distinct dorsal pro- jection in the shape ofa lobe, nose, hook etc. on theirphallic guide emerging from the middle part; left surstylus oftriangular shape; female with distinctly bilobed oviposi- tor's base. In Europe, this group comprises nine rather common taxa. Eudorylas manasi sp. n. canbe readily separatedby the shape ofits genitalia,most strikingby the latéral shape of the phallic guide with its upcurved dorsomedial hooks but surstyli, gonopods and membranous area of syntergosternite 8 provide additional diagnostic features. For génital illustrations of the nine European taxa see Kehlmaier (2005a). Concerning the Eastern Palaearctic (Collin, 1941; Kozânek, 1988, 1992; Kozânek & A NEW EUDORYIAS FROM CENTRALASIA 35 Figs 3-10 Maie genitalia ofholotype ofE. manasi sp. n. (3) Phallic guide, gonopods and hypandrium in ventral view. (4) Phallic guide and gonopods in latéral view from right side. (5) Phallus, sperm pump and ejaculatory apodeme in ventral view (one ejaculatory duct partly missing). (6) Syntergosternite 8 in caudal view. (7) Ejaculatory apodeme. (8) Right surstylus in latéral view. (9) Surstyli in strictly dorsal view. (10) Left surstylus in latéral view. Scale bars =0.1 mm. 36 C. KEHLMAIER Kwon, 1991; Kuznetzov, 1990a, 1990b, 1993, 1994; Morakote et al., 1990; Yang & Xu, 1989, 1996; Xu &Yang, 1990),only EudorylasduocollisMorakote &Yano, 1990 fromJapan,andknown from the female sex only,mightalsobe assignedtothis group. Addenda to the identification key of male Eudorylini provided in Kehlmaier (2005a: 57ff) starting from couplet 40 40 Ducts ofphallus coiled to an almost complète circle (Fig. 5) 40a 40* Ducts ofphallus shorter, at maximum semi-circular 41 40a Left gonopod larger than right one (Fig. 3). Phallic guide viewed laterally, with two upcurved dorsomedial hooks (Fig. 4). Membranous areaofsyntergosternite 8 large (Fig. 6) . . . Eudorylas masani Kehlmaier sp. n. 40a* Leftgonopodsmallerthanrightone (seeFig. 36ain Kehlmaier(2005a)). Phallic guide viewed laterally, with two small triangular dorsomedial projections (see Fig. 36b in Kehlmaier (2005a)). Membranous area of syntergosternite 8 small (see Fig. 36e in Kehlmaier (2005a)) Eudorylas terminalis (Thomson, 1870) ADDITIONALFAUNISTIC RECORDS Chalarus brevicaudis Jervis, 1992 Material studied: \S 19, Kyrgyz Republic, 11km N Tas Kumyr, 900m, 22.V.1994, leg.B.Merz,coll. MHNG. Chalarus spurius (Fallén, 1816) Material studied: 26* Kyrgyz Republic, Kara-Arthsa valley, 35km ESE Dzhambul, 1400m,4.V.1994,leg. B. Merz,,coll.MHNG. PIPUNCULIDAE PRESENTLY KNOWN FROM THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC According to De Meyer (1996), De Meyeretal. (2000), Kehlmaier (2005) and this study,the following 13 Pipunculidae species have been recorded from the Kyrgyz Republic so far, representing approximately one tenth of the expected diversity: Chalarus brevicaudis, C. spurius, Eudorylas auctus Kehlmaier, 2005; E. fusculus (Zetterstedt 1844), E. tshatkalensis Kuznetzov, 1990; Dorylomorpha albitarsis (Zetterstedt, 1844); D. extricata (Collin, 1937); D. incognita (Verrall, 1901); D. spi - nosa spinosa Albrecht, 1979; D. tanasijtshuki Albrecht, 1990; Tomosvaryellafreid- bergi De Meyer, 1995 and T. kirghizorum Kuznetzov, 1993. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks go to Dr. ValéryA. Korneyev (Kiev) and Dr. Bernhard Merz (Geneva) for providing the material and information on the locus typicus. Dr. Jeff Skevington (Ottawa) commented on the manuscript. REFERENCES Collin,J.E. 1941.SomePipunculidaeandEmpididaefromtheUssurirégionontheFarEastern borderoftheU.S.S.R.(Diptera).Part 1.ProceedingsoftheRoyalEntomologicalSociety ofLondon, SériesB, Taxonomy 10: 218-224. A NEW EUDORYLAS FROM CENTRALASIA 37 De Meyer, M. 1996. World Catalogue of Pipunculidae (Diptera). Studiedocumenten van het KoninklijkBelgisch Instituut voorNatuurwetenschappen 86: 1-127. DeMeyer,M.,Fôldvâri,M.&Bâez,M.2000.ThePipunculidae(Diptera)faunaoftheCanary IslandsandMadeira.Bulletin vandeKoninklijkeBelgische VerenigingvoorEntomologie 136: 144-152. Kehlmaier, C. 2005a. Taxanomic revision of European Eudorylini (Insecta, Diptera, Pipun- culidae). Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg (NF) 41: 45-353. Kehlmaier, C. 2005b. Taxonomic studies on Palaearctic and Oriental Eudorylini (Diptera: Pipunculidae),with the description ofthree new species.Zootaxa 1030: 1-48. Kozânek, M. 1988. Description of two new species of the genus Eudorylas (Diptera,Pipunculidae) from Soviet MiddleAsia. Biolôgia43 (10): 945-948. Kozânek,M. 1992. Contribution to the pipunculid fauna ofMongolia (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Akitu,NewSéries 131: 1-16. Kozânek, M. & Kwon, Y. J. 1991. Classification of the Family Pipunculidae from Korea (Diptera) Part II. On the genus Eudorylas Aczél from North Korea. Korean Journal of EntomologyH (4): 157-165. Kuznetzov, S. Y. 1990a. New Palaearctic species of Pipunculidae (Diptera). Dipterological Research 1: 23-50. Kuznetzov, S. Y. 1990b. New species of the family Pipunculidae (Diptera) from Mongolia. Insects ofMongolia 11: 378-393 (in Russian). Kuznetzov, S. Y. 1993. A new species of Eudorylas Aczél (Diptera, Pipunculidae) from Turkménistan.DipterologicalReaserch4 (4): 201-207. Kuznetzov, S. Y. 1994. A new species of Eudorylas Aczél (Diptera, Pipunculidae) from the MiddleAsia. DipterologicalResearch 5 (1): 33-37. Morakote, R., Hirashima, Y. & Yano, K. 1990. A Systematic Study of the Japanese Pipun- culidae (Diptera) Part V. The Genus Eudorylas Aczél. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University 34 (4): 281-355. Skevington, J. H. 2001. Revision of Australian Clistoabdominalis (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Invertebrate Taxonomy 15: 695-761. Skevington,J.H.2002.RevisionofAustralianEudorylasAczél(Diptera: Pipunculidae).Studia dipterologica 9: 621-672. Skevington, J. H. & De Meyer, M. 2004. Pipunculidae Research by Elmo Hardy: Another Founding Event on the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Muséum Bulletin in Entomology 12: 13-25. Yang, C.-K. & Xu, Y. 1989. The Big-headed Flies of Shaanxi. Entomotaxonomia XI (1-2): 157-162. Yang,C.-K. & Xu,Y. 1996. Pipunculidae (pp. 91-117).In: Xue,W. & Chao,C. (eds). Riesof China,Volume 1.Liaoning Science andTechnologyPress, Shenyang, 1365 pp. Xu, Y. & Yang, C.-K. 1990. Contributions to Pipunculidae (Diptera) from Nei Mongol. Entomotaxonomia XII (3-4): 305-308.