A HISTORY OF THE VIETNAMESE K. W. TAYLOR Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 202.0.149.31 on Thu Jun 27 10:15:15 WEST 2013. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139021210 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2013 A History of the Vietnamese ThehistoryofVietnampriortothenineteenthcenturyisrarelyexaminedin anydetail.Inthisgroundbreakingwork,K.W.Taylortakesupthischallenge, addressingawidearrayoftopicsfromtheearliesttimestothepresentday– includinglanguage,literature,religion,andwarfare–andthemes–including Sino-Vietnameserelations,theinteractionsofthepeoplesofdifferentregions withinthe country,andthevariousformsofgovernmentadoptedbythe Vietnamesethroughouttheirhistory. AHistoryoftheVietnameseisbasedon primary sourcematerials,combiningacomprehensivenarrativewithananalysis whichendeavorsto seetheVietnamesepast throughtheeyesofthosewho livedit. Taylorquestionslong-standingstereotypesandclichésaboutVietnam, drawing attentionto sharpdiscontinuitiesintheVietnamesepast.Fluently writtenandaccessibleto allreaders,thishighlyoriginal contributionto the studyofSoutheastAsiaisalandmarktextfor allstudentsand scholars ofVietnam. k.w. taylor isaprofessorintheDepartmentofAsianStudiesatCornell University.HiscareerbeganintheUSarmy,wherehewasdeployedinthe US–VietnamWar.HehasnowbeenresearchingVietnamfornearlyfortyyears, andhisworkhasmadeafundamentalcontributiontothedevelopmentof thefield. Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 202.0.149.31 on Thu Jun 27 10:15:15 WEST 2013. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139021210 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2013 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 202.0.149.31 on Thu Jun 27 10:15:15 WEST 2013. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139021210 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2013 cambridgeuniversitypress Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore, SãoPaulo,Delhi,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridgecb28ru,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521699150 ©CambridgeUniversityPress2013 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexceptionand totheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2013 PrintedandboundintheUnitedKingdombytheMPGBooksGroup AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationdata Taylor,K.W.,author. AhistoryoftheVietnamese/K.W.Taylor. pages cm isbn978-0-521-87586-8(Hardback)–isbn978-0-521-69915-0(Paperback) 1. Vietnam– History. 2. Vietnam–Civilization. I. Title. ds556.5.t382013 959.7–dc23 2012035197 isbn978-0-521-87586-8Hardback isbn978-0-521-69915-0Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 202.0.149.31 on Thu Jun 27 10:15:15 WEST 2013. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139021210 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2013 CONTENTS List of figures xii List of tables xiii List of maps xiv Acknowledgements xvi Introduction 1 Prologue 1 Vantage 2 Language 4 Apologia 6 Summary 9 PronunciationandspellingofVietnamesenames 12 1 The provincial era 14 Theempirecomessouth 14 TheHanconquest 19 ShiXieandtheriseofthegreatfamilies 24 GiaoProvince 29 Imperialweaknessandlocalheroes 34 TheProtectorateofAnNam 37 TheNanZhaoWar 40 Alesserempire 44 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 203.117.111.2 on Thu Jun 27 10:16:10 WEST 2013. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139021210 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2013 vi / Contents 2 The Ly dynasty 51 HoaLu 51 LyCongUan 59 LyPhatMa 64 LyNhatTon 72 OutbreakoftheLy–SongWar 77 TheLy–SongWar 83 LyCanDuc 86 DoAnhVuandToHienThanh 92 CollapseoftheLydynasty 99 3 The Tran dynasty 108 TranThuDo 108 EarlyTranliterati 114 Solidarityamongtheprinces 117 Poetryandlanguage 119 Mobilizingresources:eunuchs,slaves,dikes,andwar 121 TheFirstMongolWar 123 Livingwithdanger 125 TheMongolsreturn 131 Farewelltotattoos 137 Farewelltotheprinces 139 TranManhandthelateTranliterati 144 Agrarianunrest,TranHao,andNhatLe 150 TranPhu 154 LeQuyLy 157 4 The Le dynasty 165 DestructionoftheTranaristocracy 165 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 203.117.111.2 on Thu Jun 27 10:16:10 WEST 2013. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139021210 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2013 vii / Contents HoQuyLy 170 Ahistoricwatershed 174 MingGiaoChi 177 TheabandonmentofMingGiaoChi 180 LeLoi 183 Anewdynasticstructure 187 GreatlordsandLeNguyenLong 192 GreatlordsandLeBangCo 198 LeTuThanhasteacher 205 LeTuThanhasruler 211 Expandingtheborders 218 5 The beginning of inter-regional warfare 224 Returnofadolescentkingsandgreatlords 224 Riseoftheeast 232 TheearlyMacdynasty 237 OutbreakoftheSeventyYearsWar 242 TheLerestoration 249 6 The Fifty Years War 258 Thenorth 258 Thesouth 265 Warbegins 273 DaoDuyTuandsouthernmobilization 279 Trinhmobilization 283 Christianity 287 Maritimetrade 290 Newleadersinanoldwar 295 Thefarsouth 300 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 203.117.111.2 on Thu Jun 27 10:16:10 WEST 2013. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139021210 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2013 viii / Contents NguyenPhucTan,TrinhTac,andtheNgheAncampaign 307 Thelastbattle 312 7 The south and the north diverge 319 RelationswithCambodia 319 Politicsandgovernmentinthesouth 325 NguyenPhucKhoat,thefirstsouthernking 331 Misgovernmentinthenorth 339 TrinhCuong’sreforms 343 TrinhGiangandthecollapseofgovernment 351 TrinhDoanhandtheageofrebellion 355 AnothercycleofTrinhmisgovernment 360 8 The Thirty Years War 365 TheriseofQuiNhon 365 ResurgenceoftheNguyenPhucanddeclineoftheTrinh 370 TaySonascendancyanddivision 373 NguyenHue,theQuangTrungemperor 377 NguyenPhucAnhatSaigon 380 FromSaigontoDienKhanh 386 FromDienKhanhtoBinhDinh 390 Anewpeace 393 9 The Nguyen dynasty 398 Betweennorthandsouth 398 Literature 403 SiamandthequestionofKhmervassalage 409 Dynasticdiscipline 411 RelationswiththeKhmervassal 413 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 203.117.111.2 on Thu Jun 27 10:16:10 WEST 2013. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139021210 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2013 ix / Contents MinhMang’scentralizingpolicies 415 BackgroundtoLeVanKhoi’srebellion 420 LeVanKhoi’srebellionandwarwithSiam 425 ThieuTriandtheFrenchnavy 429 TuDuc’saccessionandincapacitytorule 436 ThethreatfromEurope 441 10 The French conquest 446 TheTreatyofSaigon,1862 446 FormationofFrenchCochinchina 451 TheTreatyof1874 454 Post-treatydisorderinthenorth 459 FrenchadministrationinruralCochinchina 461 LawandlanguageinCochinchina 464 TheSino-FrenchWar 468 TheFrenchtakeHue 472 FormationofFrenchIndochina 477 11 Franco-Vietnamese colonial relations 484 Intellectualsrespondtothecolonialregime 484 The1908disturbancesandtheirsequel 490 DomesticfermentwithEuropeatwar 493 ThebeginningofSaigonpolitics 497 Cochinchinaandthenewgeneration 500 ThenewgenerationinTonkinandAnnam 504 ThesovietsinNghe-TinhandwesternCochinchina 509 TheFrenchresorttothemonarchy 511 VietnamesepoliticsandthePopularFront 514 Newculturalpatterns 517 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 203.117.111.2 on Thu Jun 27 10:16:10 WEST 2013. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139021210 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2013 x / Contents 12 Indochina at war 524 TheJapanesearrive 524 FormationoftheVietMinh 529 TheAugustRevolution 532 ReturnoftheFrench 536 Outbreakofanewwar 540 AFranco-Vietnamesegovernment 544 RadicalizationoftheVietMinh 547 ThebeginningofUnitedStatesinvolvement 551 Thepeacesettlement 556 13 From two countries to one 561 Saigon 561 Hanoi 566 Startofanewwar 572 NgoDinhDiembetweencommunistsandAmericans 575 TheKennedyescalation 578 AssassinationofNgoDinhDiem 583 PoliticalturmoilinSaigon 590 FormationoftheSecondRepublicofVietnam 597 Thecommunistoffensiveof1968 601 USredeploymentoutofVietnam 605 TheSecondRepublic 607 ThevictoryofHanoi 611 TheSino-KhmerWarandrenovation 614 Retrospective 620 Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 203.117.111.2 on Thu Jun 27 10:16:10 WEST 2013. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139021210 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2013