Стр. 1 из 185 A guide to speaking and pronouncing colloquial American English Second Edition Ann Cook Illustrated by Holly Forsyth Audio by Busy Signal Studios BARRON'S Стр. 2 из 185 This book is dedicated to Nate Cook. Also, my special thanks for their extensive contributions to my editor, Dimitry Popow, Carolyn Jaeckin, Dr. Maria Bruno, Karina Lombard, Dr. Hyouk-Keun Kim, Ph.D., Karl Althaus, Adrian Wong, Sergey Korshunov, and Jerry Danielson at Busy Signal Studios. © Copyright 2000 by Ann Cook, http://www.americanaccent.com Prior edition copyright © 1991 by Ann Cook. Portions of this book were previously published by Matrix Press. © Copyright 1989 by Matrix Press All right reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfilm, xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to: Barron's Educational Series, Inc. 250 Wireless Boulevard Hauppauge,NY11788 http://www. barronseduc. com International Standard Book No. 0-7641-1429-8 Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 99-75495 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 987654321 Желательно иметь шрифт WP Phonetic Table of Contents Read This First CD 1 Track 1 What Is Accent? Can I Learn a New Accent? Accent versus Pronunciation "Which Accent Is Correct?" "Why Is My Accent So Bad?" Less Than It Appears ... More Than It Appears Language Is Fluent and Fluid A Few Words On Pronunciation CD 1 Track 2 Tense Vowels? Lax Vowels? Voiced Consonants? Unvoiced Consonants? Pronunciation Points Telephone Tutoring Preliminary Diagnostic Analysis CD 1 Track 3 Chapter 1 American Intonation The American Speech Music CD 1 Track 4 What to Do with Your Mouth to Sound American American Intonation Do's and Don'ts What Exactly Is Staircase Intonation? Three Ways to Make Intonation Exercise 1-1: Rubber Band Practice with Nonsense Syllables CD 1 Track 5 Staircase Intonation CD 1 Track 6 Statement Intonation with Nouns Statement Intonation with Pronouns CD 1 Track 8 Exercise 1-3; Noun and Pronoun Intonation CD 1 Track 9 Statement Versus Question Intonation CD 1 Track 10 Emotional or Rhetorical Question Intonation Exercise 1-4: Sentence Intonation Test CD 1 Track 11 Exercise 1-5: Four Main Reasons for Intonation CD 1 Track 12 1. New Information 2. Opinion 3. Contrast 4. Can't Exercise 1-6: Pitch and Meaning Change CD 1 Track 13 Exercise 1-7: Individual Practice CD 1 Track 14 Exercise 1-8: Meaning of "Pretty" CD 1 Track 15 Exercise 1-9: Inflection CD 1 Track 16 Exercise 1-10; Individual Practice CD 1 Track 17 Стр. 3 из 185 Overdo It We All Do It Exercise 1-11: Translation CD 1 Track 18 Intonation Contrast Exercise 1-12: Create Your Own Intonation Contrast CD 1 Track 19 Exercise 1-13: Variable Stress CD 1 Track 20 Exercise 1 -14: Make a Variable Stress Sentence CD 1 Track 21 Application of Intonation CD 1 Track 22 Exercise 1 -15: Application of Stress CD 1 Track 23 How You Talk Indicates to People How You Are CD 1 Track 24 Exercise 1-16: Paragraph Intonation Practice CD 1 Track 25 Exercise 1-17: Staircase Intonation Practice CD 1 Track 26 Exercise 1-18: Reading with Staircase Intonation CD 1 Track 27 Exercise 1-19: Spelling and Numbers CD 1 Track 28 Exercise 1-20; Sound/Meaning Shifts CD 1 Track 29 Exercise 1-21: Squeezed-Out Syllables CD 1 Track 30 Syllable Stress CD 1 Track 31 Syllable Count Intonation Patterns Exercise 1-22: Syllable Patterns CD 1 Track 32 1 Syllable 2 Syllables Exercise 1-22: Syllable Patterns continued CD 1 Track 32 3 Syllables Exercise 1-22; Syllable Patterns continued CD 1 Track 32 4 Syllables Exercise 1-23; Syllable Count Test CD 1 Track 33 Complex Intonation Word Count Intonation Patterns CD 1 Track 34 Exercise 1-24: Single-Word Phrases CD 1 Track 35 Two-Word Phrases Descriptive Phrases CD Track 36 Exercise 1-25: Sentence Stress with Descriptive Phrases CD 1 Track 37 Exercise 1 -26: Two Types of Descriptive Phrases CD 1 Track 38 Exercise 1 -26: Two Types of Descriptive Phrases continued CD1 Track 38 Exercise 1-27: Descriptive Phrase Story—The Ugly Duckling CD1 Track 39 Set Phrases CD 1 Track 40 A Cultural Indoctrination to American Norms Exercise 1-28: Sentence Stress with Set Phrases CD 1 Track 41 Exercise 1-29: Making Set Phrases CD 1 Track 42 Exercise 1-30: Set Phrase Story—The Little Match Girl CD 1 Track 43 Contrasting a Description and a Set Phrase Exercise 1-31: Contrasting Descriptive and Set Phrases CD 1 Track 44 Exercise 1-32: Two-Word Stress CD 1 Track 45 Descriptive Phrase Set Phrase Summary of Stress in Two-Word Phrases First Word Second Word Nationalities Exercise 1-33; Nationality Intonation Quiz CD 2 Track 1 1. an Américan guy 2. an American restaurant 3. Américan food 4. an American teacher 5. an Énglish teacher Exercise 1-34: Contrasting Descriptive and Set Phrases CD 2 Track 2 Exercise 1-35: Contrast of Compound Nouns CD 2 Track 3 Exercise 1-36: Description and Set Phrase Test CD 2 Track 4 Exercise 1-37: Descriptions and Set Phrases—Goldilocks CD 2 Track 5 Grammar in a Nutshell CD 2 Track 6 Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Grammar... But Were Afraid to Use Exercise 1-38; Consistent Noun Stress in Changing Verb Tenses CD 2 Track 7 Exercise 1-39: Consistent Pronoun Stress In Changing Verb Tenses CD 2 Track 8 Стр. 4 из 185 Exercise 1-40: Intonation in Your Own Sentence CD 2 Track 9 Exercise 1 -40: Intonation in Hour Own Sentence continued CD 2 Track 9 1-40: Intonation in Your Own Sentence continued CD 2 Track 9 Exercise 1-41: Supporting Words CD 2 Track 10 Exercise 1 -42: Contrast Practice CD 2 Track 11 Exercise 1 -43; Yes, You Can or No, You Can't? CD 2 Track 12 Exercise 1 -44: Building an Intonation Sentence CD 2 Track 13 Exercise 1 -46: Regular Transitions of Nouns and Verbs CD 2 Track 15 Exercise 1-47: Regular Transitions of Adjectives and Verbs CD 2 Track n Exercise 1-48; Regular Transitions of Adjectives and Verbs CD 2 Track 17 The Miracle Technique CD 2 Track 18 A Child Can Learn Any Language Exercise 1 -49: Tell Me Wədai Say! CD 2 Track 19 Exercise 1-50: Listening for Pure Sounds CD 2 Track 21 Exercise 1-51 : Extended Listening Practice CD 2 Track 22 Reduced Sounds CD 2 Track 24 Reduced Sounds Are "Valleys" Exercise 1-52; Reducing Articles CD 2 Track 25 Exercise 1-53: Reduced Sounds CD 2 Track 26 Exercise 1-53: Reduced Sounds continued CD 2 Track 26 Exercise 1-53; Reduced Sounds continued CD 2 Track 26 Exercise 1-53: Reduced Sounds continued CD 2 Track 26 Exercise 1-53: Reduced Sounds continued CD 2 Track 26 Exercise 1 -53: Reduced Sounds continued CD 2 Track 26 Exercise 1-54: Intonation and Pronunciation of "That" CD 2 Track 27 Exercise 1-55: Crossing Out Reduced Sounds CD 2 Track 28 Exercise 1-56; Reading Reduced Sounds CD 2 Track 29 Word Groups and Phrasing CD 2 Track 30 Pauses for Related Thoughts, Ideas, or for Breathing Exercise 1-57: Phrasing CD Track 31 Exercise 1-58: Creating Word Groups CD 2 Track 32 Exercise 1-59: Practicing Word Groups CD 2 Track 33 Exercise 1-60: Tag Endings CD 2 Track 34 Intonation Pronunciation Chapter 2. Word Connections CD 2 Track 35 Exercise 2-1 : Spelling and Pronunciation CD 2 Track 36 Liaison Rule 1 : Consonant / Vowel Exercise 2-2: Word Connections CD 2 Track 37 Exercise 2-3: Spelling and Number Connections CD 2 Track 38 What's the Difference Between a Vowel and a Consonant? Exercise 2-4: Consonant / Vowel Liaison Practice CD 2 Track 39 Exercise 2-4: Consonant / Vowel Liaison Practice continued CD 2 Track 39 Liaison Rule 2: Consonant / Consonant Exercise 2-5: Consonant /Consonant Liaisons CD 2 Track 40 Exercise 2-6: Consonant / Consonant Liaisons CD 2 Track 41 Consonants Exercise 2-7: Liaisons with TH Combination CD 2 Track 42 Exercise 2-8: Consonant / Consonant Liaison Practice CD 2 Track 43 Liaison Rule 3: Vowel / Vowel Exercise 2-9: Vowel / Vowel Liaison Practice CD 2 Track 44 Liaison Rule 4: T, D, S, or Z + Y Exercise 2-10; T, D, S, or Z + Y Liaisons CD 2 Track 45 T + Y = CH Exercise 2-10: T, D, S, or Z + Y Liaisons continued CD 2 Track 45 D + Y = J S + Y = SH Z + Y = ZH Exercise 2-10: T, D, S, or Z + Y Liaisons continued CD 2 Track 45 Exercise 2-11:T, D, S, or Z + Y Liaison Practice CD 2 Track 46 Exercise 2-12; Finding Liaisons and Glides CD 2 Track 47 Exercise 2-13: Practicing Liaisons CD 3 Track 1 Стр. 5 из 185 Exercise 2-14: Additional Liaison Practice CD 3 Track 2 Exercise 2-15: Colloquial Reductions and Liaisons CD 3 Track 3 Exercise 2-15: Colloquial Reductions and Liaisons continued CD 3 Track 3 Spoon or Sboon? Exercise 2-16: Liaison Staircases CD 3 Track 4 Chapter 3. Cat? Caught? Cut? CD 3 Track 5 The [æ] Sound The [ä] Sound The Schwa [ə] Sound Silent or Neutral? Vowel Chart Exercise 3-1 : Word-by-Word and in a Sentence CD 3 Track 6 Exercise 3-2: Finding [æ], [ä], and [ə] Sounds CD 3 Track 7 Exercise 3-3: Vowel-Sound Differentiation CD 3 Track 8 Exercise 3-4: Reading the [æ] Sound CD 3 Track 9 The Tæn Mæn Exercise 3-5: Reading the [ä] Sound CD strack 10 A Lät of Läng, Hät Walks in the Garden Exercise 3-6: Reading the [ə] Sound CD 3 Track 11 What Must the Sun Above Wonder About? Chapter 4. The American T CD 3 Track 12 Exercise 4-1 ; Stressed and Unstressed T CD 3 Thick 13 Exercise 4-2: Betty Bought a Bit of Better Butter CD 3 Track 14 Betty Bought a Bit of Better Butter Exercise 4-3: Rute 1—Top of the Staircase CD 3 Track 15 Exercise 4-3; Rule 1—Top of the Staircase continued CD 3Track 15 Exercise 4-4: Rule 2—Middle of the Staircase CD 3 Track 16 Exercise 4-5: Rule 3—Bottom of the Staircase CD3 Track 17 Exercise 4-5: Rule 3—Bottom of the Staircase continued CD 3 Track 17 Exercise 4-6: Rule 4—"Held T" Before N CD 3 Track 18 Exercise 4-7: Rule 5—The Silent T CD 3 Track 19 Exercise 4-9: Karina's T Connections CD 3 Track 21 Exercise 4-10: Combinations in Context CD 3 Track 2: Exercise 4-11 : Voiced and Unvoiced Sounds with T Exercise 4-12: Finding American T Sounds CD 3 Track 24 Voiced Consonants and Reduced Vowels 1. Reduced vowels 2. Voiced consonants 3. Like sound with like sound 4. R'lææææææææææx Chapter 5. The El CD 3 Track 25 L and Foreign Speakers of English Location of Language in the Mouth The Compound Sound of L L Compared with T, D, and N T and D N Exercise 5-1 : Sounds Comparing L with T, D, and N CD 3 Track 26 T/D Plosive Exercise 5-1 ; Sounds Comparing L with T, D and N continued CD 3 Track 26 Exercise 5-2; Sounds Comparing L with T, D, and N CD 3 Track 27 What Are All Those Extra Sounds I'm Hearing? Exercise 5-3: Final El with Schwa CD 3 Track 28 Exercise 5-4: Many Final Els CD 3 Track 29 Exercise 5-5: Liaise the Ls CD 3 Track 30 Exercise 5-6: Finding L Sounds CD 3 Track 31 Exercise 5-7: Silent Ls CD3Track32 Exercise 5-8: Hold Your Tongue! CD 3 Track 33 Exercise 5-9: Little Lola CD 3 Track 34 Exercise 5-11 : Final L Practice CD 3 Track 36 Exercise 5-12: Thirty Little Turtles In a Bottle of Bottled Water CD 3 Track 37 Exercise 5-13: Speed-reading CD 3 Track » Exercise 5-14: Tandem Reading CD 3 Track 39 Voice Quality CD 3 Track 40 Стр. 6 из 185 Exercise 5-15: Shifting Your Voice Position CD 3 Track 41 Chapter 6. The American R CD 3 Track 42 The Invisible R Exercise 6-1: R Location Practice CD 3 Track 43 Exercise 6-2 : Double Vowel with R CD 3 Track 44 Exercise 6-3: How to Pronounce Troublesome Rs CD 3 Track 45 Exercise 6-4: Zbigniew's Epsilon List CD 3 Track 46 Exercise 6-5: R Combinations CD 3 Track 47 Exercise 6-6; The Mirror Store CD 3 Track 48 Exercise 6-7: Finding the R Sound CD 3 Track 49 Telephone Tutoring Follow-up Diagnostic Analysis CD 3 Track 50 Chapters 1-6 Review and Expansion Intonation Miscellaneous Reminders of Intonation Liaisons and Glides Cat? Caught? Cut? The American T The El The American R Application Exercises Review Exercise 1 : To have a friend, be a friend. CD 3 Track 51 Review Exercise 2: To have a friend, be a friend. CD 3 Track 52 1. Intonation 2. Word groups 3. Liaisons 4. æ, ä, ə 5. The American T 6. The American R 7. Combination of concepts 1-6 Review Exercise 3: Get a Better Water Heater! CD 3 Track 53 Review Exercise 4: Your Own Sentence CD 3 Track 54 Review Exercise 5: Varying Emotions CD 3 Track 55 Review Exercise 5: Varying Emotions continued CD 3 Track 55 Review Exercise 6: Realty? Maybe! CD 3 Track 56 Review Exercise 7: Who Did It? I Don't Know! CD 3 Track 57 Review Exercise 7: Who Did It? I Don't Know! continued CD 3 Track 57 Review Exercise 8: Russian Rebellion CD 3 Track 58 Two-Word Phrases Review Exercise A: Contrasting Descriptive and Set Phrases CD 3 Track 59 Review Exercise B: Intonation Review Test CD 3 Track 60 Three-Word Phrases Review Exercise C: Modifying Descriptive Phrases CD 3 Track 61 Review Exercise D; Modifying Set Phrases CD 3 Track 62 Review Exercise E: Two- and Three-Word Set Phrases CD 3 Track 63 Review Exercise F: Three-Word Phrase Summary CD 3 Track 64 Review Exercise G: Three-Word Phrase Story—Three Little Pigs CD 4 Track 1 Review Exercise H: Sentence Balance—Goldilocks CD 4 Track 2 Four-Word Phrases Review Exercise I: Multiple Modifiers with Set Phrases CD 4 Track 3 Review Exercise J: Compound intonation of Numbers CD 4 Track 4 Review Exercise K: Modify ing Three-Word Set Phrases CD 4 Track 5 Review Exercise L: Four-Word Phrase Story—Little Red Riding Hood CD 4 Treck 6 Review Exercise M: Building Up to Five-Word Phrases CD 4 Track 7 Review Exercise 9: Ignorance on Parade CD 4 track 8 Review Exercise 10: Ignorance on Parade Explanations. CD 4 Track 9 Review Exercise 10: Ignorance on Parade Explanations continued CD 4 Track 9 Chapter 7. Tee Aitch CD 4 Track 10 Exercise 7-1 : The Throng of Thermometers CD 4 Track 11 Run Them All Together [runnemälld'gether] Anticipating the Next Word Exercise 7-2: Targeting The TH Sound CD 4 Track 12 Exercise 7-3: Tongue Twisters CD 4 Track 13 Chapter 8. More Reduced Sounds CD 4 Track 14 Стр. 7 из 185 Exercise 8-1 : Comparing [u] and [ü] CD 4 Track 15 Exercise 8-2: Lax Vowels CD 4 Track 16 Exercise 8-3; Bit or Beat? CD 4 Track 17 Exercise 8-4: Bit or Beat? Bid or Bead? CD 4 Track 18 Exercise 8-5: Tense and Lax Vowel Exercise CD 4Track 19 Exercise 8-6: The Middle "I" List CD 4 Track 20 Exercise 8-7: Reduction Options CD 4 Track 21 Exercise 8-8: Finding Reduced Sounds CD 4 Track 22 Exercise 8-9: How Much Wood Would a Woodchuck Chuck? CD 4 Track 23 Exercise 8-10; Büker Wülsey's Cükbük CD 4 Track 24 Exercise 8-11: A True Fool CD 4 Track 25 Intonation and Attitude Exercise 8-12: Nonverbal Intonation CD 4 Track 26 Chapter 9. "V" as in Victory CD 4 Track 27 Exercise 9-1 : Mind Your Vees CD 4 Track 28 Exercise 9-2: The Vile VIP CD 4 Track 29 Exercise 9-3: Finding V Sounds CD 4 Track 30 Chapter 10. S or Z? Exercise 10-1 : When S Becomes Z CD 4 Track 31 Exercise 10-2: A Surly Sergeant Socked an Insolent Sailor CD 4 Track 32 Exercise 10-3: Allz Well That Endz Well CD 4 Track 33 Exercise 10-4: Voiced and Unvoiced Endings in the Past Tense CD 4 Track 34 Exercise 10-5: Finding S and Z Sounds CD 4 Track 35 Exercise 10-4; Application Steps with S and Z CD 4 Track 36 Exercise 10-7: Your Own Application Steps with S and Z CD 4 Track 37 Chapter 11. Tense and Lax Vowels Exercise 11-1; Tense Vowels CD 4 Track 38 Exercise 11 -2: Tense Vowels Practice Paragraph CD 4 Track 39 Exercise 11-3: Lax Vowels CD 4 Track 40 Exercise 11-4: Lax Vowels Practice Paragraph CD 4 Track 41 Exercise 11-5: Take a High-Tech Tack CD 4 Track 42 Exercise 11 -6: Pick a Peak CD 4 Track 43 Grammar in a Bigger Nutshell Exercise 11-7: Compound Nouns and Complex Verbs CD 4 Track 44 Exercise 11-7: Compound Nouns and Complex Verbs continued CD 4 Track 44 Exercise 11-7; Compound Nouns and Complex Verbs continued CD 4Track 44 Exercise 11-8: Your Own Compound Nouns CD 4 Track 45 Exercise 11-9: Your Compound Nouns and Complex Verbs CD 4 Track 46 Exercise 11-10: Practical Application—U.S./Japan Trade Friction CD 4 Track 47 The Letter A Exercise 11-11: Presidential Candidates' Debate CD 4 Track 48 Chapter 12. Nasal Consonants CD 4 Track 49 Exercise 12-1: Nasal Consonants CD 4 Track 50 Exercise 12-2: Ending Nasal Consonants CD 4 Track 51 Exercise 12-3: Reading Nasal Consonant Sounds CD 4 Track 52 Exercise 12-4: Finding [n] and [ng] Sounds CD 4 Track 53 Chapter 13. Throaty Consonants Exercise 13-1: Throaty Consonants CD 4 Track 54 Exercise 13-2: The Letter X CD 4 Track 55 Exercise 13-3: Reading the H, K, G, NG, and R sounds CD 4 Track 56 H K G NG R Exercise 13-4: Glottal Consonant Practice Paragraph CD 4 Track 57 Telephone Tutoring Final Diagnostic Analysis CD 4 Track 58 Chapters 1-13. Review and Expansion Review Exercise 1-1: Rubber Band Practice with Nonsense Syllables Review Exercise 1-2; Noun Intonation Review Exercise 1-3: Noun and Pronoun Intonation Review Exercise 1-4: Sentence Intonation Test Review Exercise 1-6: Pitch and Meaning Change Стр. 8 из 185 Review Exercise 1-7: Individual Practice Review Exercise 1-8: Meaning of "Pretty," "Sort of," "Kind of," and "Little" Review Exercise 1-9: Inflection Review Exercise 1-10: Individual Practice Review Exercise 1-11: Translation Review Exercise 1-12: Create Your Own Intonation Contrast Review Exercise 1-13: Variable Stress Review Exercise 1-14: Make a Variable Stress Sentence Review Exercise 1-15: Application of Stress Review Exercise 1-17: Staircase Intonation Practice Review Exercise 1-18: Reading with Staircase Intonation Review Exercise 1-19: Spelling and Numbers Review Exercise 1-20: Sound/Meaning Shifts Review Exercise 1-21: Squeezed-Out Syllables Review Exercise 1-22: Syllable Patterns Review Exercise 1-25: Sentence Stress with Descriptive Phrases Review Exercise 1-23: Syllable Count Test Review Exercise 1-24: Single-Word Phrases Review Exercise 1-26: Two Types of Descriptive Phrases Review Exercise 1-27: Descriptive Phrase Story—Snow White and The Seven Dwarves Review Exercise 1-28: Sentence Stress with Set Phrases Review Exercise 1-29: Making Set Phrases Review Exercise 1-30: Set Phrase Story—Our Mailman Review Exercise 1-31: Contrasting Descriptive and Set Phrases Review Exercise 1-32: Two-Word Stress Review Exercise 1-34: Contrasting Descriptive and Set Phrases Review Exercise 1-35: Contrast of Compound Nouns Review Exercise 1-36: Description and Set Phrase Test Review Exercise 1-38: Consistent Noun Stress in Changing Verb Tenses (5 disk) Review Exercise 1-39: Consistent Pronoun Stress in Changing Verb Tenses Review Execise 1-40: Intonation in Your Own Sentence Review Exercise 1-41: Supporting Words Review Exercise 1-42: Contrast Practice Review Exercise 1-43: Yes, You Can or No, You Can't? Review Exercise 1-44: Building an Intonation Sentence Review Exercise 1-45: Building Your Own intonation Sentences Review Exercise 1-46: Regular Transitions of Nouns and Verbs Review Exercise 1-47: Regular Transitions of Adjectives and Verbs Review Exercise 1-48; Regular Transitions of Adjectives and Verbs Review Exercise 1-51; Extended Listening Practice Review Exercise 1-53: Reduced Sounds Review Exercise 1-55: Crossing Out Reduced Sounds Review Exercise 1-56: Reading Reduced Sounds Review Exercise 1-57: Phrasing Review Exercise 1-60: Tag Endings Review Exercise 2-1: Spelling and Pronunciation Review Exercise 2-4: Consonant / Vowel Liaison Practice Review Exercise 2-8: Consonant/Consonant Liaison Practice Review Exercise 2-9: Vowel / Vowel Liaison Practice Review Exercise 2-11: T, D, S, or Z + Y Liaison Practice Review Exercise 2-12: Finding Liaisons and Glides Review Exercise 2-13: Practicing Liaisons Review Exercise 3-1: Word-by-Word and in a Sentence Review Exercise 3-3: Vowel-Sound Differentiation Review Exercise 3-4: Finding the æ, ä, ə Sounds Review Exercise 3-5: Reading the [æ] Sound Review Exercise 3-6: Reading the [ä] Sound Review Exercise 3-7: Reading the [ə] Sound Review Exercise 4-1 : Stressed and Unstressed T Review Exercise 4-3: Rule 1—Top of the Staircase Review Exercise 4-4: Rule 2—Middle of the Staircase Review Exercise 4-5: Rule 3—Bottom of the Staircase Review Exercise 4-6: Rule 4—"Held T" Before N Review Exercise 4-7: Rule 5—The Silent T Review Exercise 4-10: T Combinations in Context Review Exercise 4-11: Voiced and Unvoiced Sounds with T Стр. 9 из 185 Review Exercise 5-2: Sounds Comparing L with T, D, and N Review Exercise 5-3: Final El with Schwa Review Exercise 5-4: Many Final Els Review Exercise 5-5: Liaise the Ls Review Exercise 5-7: Silent Ls Review Exercise 5-8: Hold Your Tongue! Review Exercise 5-9: Bill and Ellie Review Exercise 5-11 : Final L Practice Review Exercise 5-12: A Frontal Lobotomy? Review Exercise 5-13: Speed-reading Review Exercise 5-14: Tandem Reading Review Exercise 6-1 : R Location Practice Review Exercise 6-2: Double Vowel Sounds with R Review Exercise 6-3: How to Pronounce Troublesome Rs Review Exercise 6-4: Zbignlew's Epsilon List Review Exercise 6-5: R Combinations Review Exercise 6-6: Roy the Rancher Review Exercise C: Modifying Descriptive Phrases Review Exercise D: Modifying Set Phrases Review Exercise E:Two- and Three-Word Set Phrases Review Exercise F: Three-Word Phrase Summary Review Exercise I: Multiple Modifiers with Set Phrases Review Exercise J: Compound Intonation of Numbers Review Exercise K: Modifying Three-Word Set Phrases Review Exercise L: Three Word Phrase Story—The Amazing Rock Soup Review Exercise M: Building Up to Five-Word Phrases Review Exercise 7-1: The Thing Noun Intonation Summary Rule 1: New Information Rule 2: Old Information Rule 3: Contrast Rule 4: Opinion Rule 5: Negation (Can't) Review Exercise 8-1 : Comparing [u] and [ü] Review Exercise 8-2: Lax Vowels Review Exercise 8-4: Bit or Beat? Bid or Bead? Review Exercise 8-5: Tense and Lax Vowel Review Exercise Review Exercise 8-6: Middle "I" List Review Exercise 8-10: [ü] Paragraph Review Exercise 8-11: [u] Paragraph Review Exercise 9-1: Mind Your Vees Review Exercise 10-1: S or Z? Review Exercise 10-2: Sally at the Seashore Review Exercise 10-3: Fuzzy Wuzzy Review Exercise 11-1: Tense Vowels Review Exercise 11-3: Lax Vowels Review Exercise 11-7: Compound Nouns and Complex Verbs Review Exercise 12-1: Nasal Consonants Review Exercise 12-2: Ending Nasal Consonants Review Exercise 12-3: Reading Nasal Consonant Sounds Review Exercise 13-1: Throaty Consonants Review Exercise 13-2: The Letter X Review Exercise 13-3: Reading the H, K, G, NG, and R sounds Nationality Guides Important Point Chinese Intonation Summary Chinese Intonation Location of the Language Japanese Intonation Liaisons Pronunciation Стр. 10 из 185 The Japanese R = The American T Location of the Language Spanish Intonation Liaisons Word Endings Pronunciation The Spanish S = The American S, But... The Spanish R = The American T The -ed Ending The Final T The Spanish D = The American Th (voiced) The Spanish of Spain Z or C = The American Th (unvoiced) The Spanish I = The American Y (not j) The Doubled Spanish A Sound = The American O, All or AW Spelling The Spanish O = The American OU Location of the Language Indian Intonation Liaisons Pronunciation Location of the Language Russian Intonation Liaisons Pronunciation The Russian R = The American Т French Intonation Liaisons Pronunciation Location in the Mouth German Intonation Liaisons Pronunciation Korean Intonation Word Connections Pronunciation The Korean R = The American T Answer Key Exercise 1-4: Sentence Intonation Test Exercise 1-15: Application of Stress Exercise 1-17: Staircase Intonation Practice Exercise 1-29: Making Set Phrases Exercise 1-35: Contrast of Compound Nouns Exercise 1-36: Description and Set Phrase Test Exercise 1-48: Regular Transitions of Adj. and Verbs Exercise 1-23: Syllable Count Test Exercise 1-51: Extended Listening Practice Exercise 1-60: Tag Endings Exercise 2-4: Consonant / Vowel Liaisons Exercise 2-8: Consonant / Consonant Liaisons Exercise 2-9: Vowel / Vowel Liaisons Exercise 2-11 : T, D, S, or Z Liaisons Exercise 2-12: Finding Liaisons and Glides Exercise 2-16: Liaison Staircases Exercise 3-2: Finding [æ], [ä] and [ə] Sounds