I ndex NUMBERS AND SYMBOLS graph of, 28 3/5 Compromise, 275 internalization of, 194, 259 invisible man as, 261 material conditions of, 209 A Negro as, 210 Aaron, 115, 118 not-anymore of, 190 Abel, 61, 73 ontological conditions of, 209 Abject oppositional equivalency abstract category, 19 to exalted, 189 black body as, 163 outstanding, 189 blackness and, 276 permanent, 122 body, 140 phenomenology of, 260 Cain and, 61 politicized existence of, 299 collective temporality and, 211 return to elemental, 317 color and, 167 revolutionary actor, 316 consciousness, 195 revulsion of, 212 creation of, 297, 313 separation from collective, 189 criminality and, 143 slavery and, 132 Dasein and, 178 static position of, 214 ego formation of, 196 time and, 131, 133, 265, 281, 304 elemental and, 141, 214, 318 typology of, 62 exalted and, 4, 6, 318 world history and, 179 first abjection, 63 Abnormality, ontological, 175 formation of, 168 Abolitionists, 230 fracturing lineage of, 287 Abortion, 288 genealogical relationship to, 75, 306 Absolute knowledge, 100, 146 © The Author(s) 2018 321 M. E. Sawyer, An Africana Philosophy of Temporality, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98575-6 322 INDEX Absolutes, 122 Augustine, 264, 265 Accommodationism, 244 Authority, 207, 212, 220, 227, 238 Adam, 38–60, 64–72, 97, 264 Auto-affection, 104, 125, 137, 150, Aesthetic corpus, 53 175, 183, 259, 302 Aesthetic production, 319 Auto disaffection, 124, 126, 141, 197 Aesthetics, 166 Awareness, 188 Aesthetics (Hegel), 202 Affection, 137, 141, 202, 286 Africana philosophy, viii B African sovereignty, 225 Bad, blackness and, 165 Agamben, Giorgio, 6, 16–18, 26, Badiou, Alain, 2, 24–25, 41 31, 41, 44–47, 62, 112, Baldwin, James, 84 133–134, 281 Banishment, 63–64 Agency, 76, 133, 141, 204, 236, 255, Bare life, 6, 41, 46–47, 53, 310, 319 259, 285, 291, 315 Barolsky, Paul, 65, 72 Age of Revolution, 281 Barriers between subjects, 8, 152 Agitation, revolutionary, 39, 317 Bartleby the Scrivener (Melville), 232 Alcibiades, 137 Bearing of children, 266 Alienation, 157, 235, 289–291 Beast and the Sovereign Vol. 1, The See also Natal alienation (Derrida), 15, 29, 173 Alter, Robert, 37, 42, 97, 116 Beautiful soul, 203 Ambition, 199, 227 Beauty, 166 American, 124, 210 Being Amistad (ship), 228 affirmation of, 260 Anatomy lessons, 15 concept of, 51 Animal nature, 311, 313, 316 continuum of, 9 Animals, creation of, 42 loss of, 217 Anne, 290 out of time, 120, 132 Antinomy, 176 Being and Event (Badiou), 2, 41 Appearance, physical, 203, 212, 245 Being and Nothingness (Sartre), 27 A priori, 101 Being and Time (Heidegger), 173, Architecture of colonies, 311 178, 187 Arendt, Hannah, 246 Being-for-itself, 150 Aristotle, 17 Being for other, 195, 213 Art, production of, 319 Being present, 93–94 Ashantee, 240 Being toward, 305 Aspirational time, 307 Being-toward-death, 180, 189, 304 Astonishment, 137 Belonging, 213, 262 Asylums, 253, 254 Beloved (Morrison), 285, 289, 302 Asymptotes, 27, 28 Benito Cereno (Melville), 220, 309 Atlantic, slave rebellion in, 227 Benjamin, Walter, 26, 105, 113–114, Attraction, 200 134, 302 Auctoritas (exception), 134 Bifurcated existence, 210 INDEX 323 Binary existence, 178 marked, 79 Biology, 133 materiality of, 275 Bio-politics, 17 mortal, 100 Bio-power, 41, 46 ontological, 84, 88, 101, 166 Bios, 18, 45–46, 49 political space, 138 Birth, 180 restraint of, 227 Black body, 19, 163, 225, 258 separations imposed on, 275–276 Black horse, 164 spatiality of, 102 Black identity, 164 subject, 164 Black Jacobins, The (James), 244 substitution of, 209 Black man, 175, 176, 195 time and, 87 Blackness, 163, 175, 203, 209, 220, transcendent, 281 235, 239, 258, 276 transportation of enslaved, 220, Black Orpheus (Sartre), 191 226, 231 Black power protests, 246 weight of, 164 Black Radical Tradition, ix, xi Body language, 67–69, 76 Black Reconstruction in America Body schema, 138 (Du Bois), 128 Bogues, Anthony B., 41 Black Skin, White Masks (Fanon), 20, Bondage, see Restraint, physical 173, 191, 213, 251, 307 Breath of life, 38, 40–41 Blank body, 102 Brown, James, 37 Blinding, 254 Bubbles (Sloterdijk), 290 Blood, thematics of, 17 Buck-Morss, Susan, 302 Blumenberg, Hans, 122 Burke, Edmund, 5–7, 135–138, 151, Body 165, 172, 259 abject, 140–144 attraction in spite of, 200 black, 19, 163, 225, 258 C blank, 102 Cadavers, 15 child’s, 292 Cain, 63–65, 74 corporeal, 281 Calculus, 22 dark, 169, 210 Calhoun, John C., 222 elemental, 87, 136, 143 Camps, x, 18, 278, 281 enslaved, 281 Capitalization, 128 evacuated, 112 Captains of ships, 223 exalted, 136–140, 143 Care, 183 freedom separated from, 276 Cartesian graph, 28 higher order actor, 200 Causality, mechanical, 45, 64, 71, hyper-awareness of, 205 102, 136, 170 immortal, 96–100 Cave, 260 kings, 171 Cavell, Stanley, 205 legal possession of, 228 Chain of perception, 170 lifeless, 93 Chance, 28 324 INDEX Chaos, 166 Coming of age, 254 Cherubim, 72 Command Children illusory nature of, 220 bearing of, 266 possibility of, 222 interlocutors, 6 Commodities, production of, 274–276 of slaves, 280 Common, 11–12 Choice, 286 Communal acceptance, 124 Choke points, intellectual, 120 Compensation, 189 Choreography, 37 Competition, 61 Christ, 171, 246, 291–293 Compromise, 244 Christianity, 185, 245 Condemnation, 174 Citizenship, 9, 207, 210, 274, 286, Confessions (Augustine), 86, 98 311–315 Conflict Civil society, 108, 109 asymmetry of, 317 Civil time, 108, 133, 143, 148, 152, continuous, 152 157, 168, 176, 214, 215, 263, Conformity, 166 278, 300, 307 Confusion, 235, 238 Civil War, U.S., 222 Consciousness Classical education, 255 abject, 195 Code Noir, The, 278–281 development of, 130 Coercion, 18, 47, 114, 144, 166, 221, elemental, 195 226, 313 first degree, 194 Coexistence, 176 journey through, 146 Cogito, Cartesian, 41, 183, 193 process, 176, 192 Cognition, 122, 124 pure, 194 Cognitive dissonance, 175 reflective, 182, 193 Collective temporality, 108, 140, second degree, 196 152–154, 157, 176, 212, separation from other, 217 216, 315 superimposition of two, 195 Collectivity, 104–105, 108–110 third degree, 198 College, 253 unity of inner and outer, 203 Colonialism, 316 unreflected, 193 Colonial period, 310–311 Conscripts of Modernity (Scott), 244 Color line, 120, 169, 254, 287 Consecration, 172 Colors Consent, 277–278, 284–286 abjection and, 167 Contempt, 130 absence of, 241 Context, destruction of, 299–303 aesthetics and, 165 Continuum display of, 221, 235 of being, 9 Coltrane, John, 263 of time, 312 Columbus, Christopher, 231 use of term, 14 Comay, Rebecca, 301–302, 304 Contract theory, 39, 104–106 INDEX 325 Conversion, 185 Genesis, 62 Copernicus, Nicolaus, 122 Hegel on, 49 Corporeal body, 281 inevitability of, 71 Corpus (Nancy), 84 insignificance of, 318 Cosmogony, 53 and knowledge of good Cosmology, viii, 37 and evil, 59 Coups, 10 lifelessness and, 45 Covenants, 36, 111 metaphysical, 181, 250 Creation, 36, 53, 78, 89, 315 order restored through, 219 Creative power, 39, 112, 290 origin of, 100 Creativity, 313 perishing and, 187 Criminality, 143–144, 224, 227 power over, 214 Critique of Pure Reason (Kant), 91 self-making and, 48 “Critique of Violence” (Benjamin), threshold, 171 26, 105, 113, 134 thrownness and, 180 Culture, 10 transformation through, Curiosity, 239, 261 208, 218, 262 Curse, 77 ultrametaphysical, 250 unnatural, 276, 281 wage of sin, 55 D way of life, 304 Daily prayers, 212 See also Social death; Violence Damnation, 198, 201 Death penalty, 38, 116–118, 143–145, Dante, 174 279, 303 Dark body, 169, 210 Death row inmates, 181 Dasein, 178, 185, 187 Debt, 190 Death Deception, 225, 242, 247, 273 Abel, 74 Declaration of Independence, authority and, 207 Haitian, 244 barrier between abject and Declaration of Independence, elemental, 261 U.S., 277 barrier between typologies Deficiency, ontological, 90 of being, 187 Deficit, material, 189 being-toward, 180, 189 Deformity, 166 blackness and, 165 Dehumanization, 241 cheating, 317 Deleuze, Gilles, 216, 233 choosing, 54, 285 Democratic theory, 313 conception and, 304 Depravity, 256 corporeal, 280, 288, 292 Derrida, Jacques, 15–18, 29–31, 104, elemental figure and, 172, 210 125, 173, 303 essence extinguished by, 207 Descartes, René, 260 Foucault on, 184 Desecration of human form, 232 326 INDEX Desire, 64–67, 71–73, 86, 93, 96, 102, Edge, 309 124, 136, 145, 157, 314–316 Education, 254 Dessalines, Jean-Jacques, 244 Ego creation, 195 Determinism, 259 Elemental Dialectical matrices, 24 abject and, 141, 144, 214, 218, 220 Dialectical oscillation, 26 American as, 210 Difference and Repetition (Deleuze), bare human, 135 216, 233 barrier with exalted, 138, 140 Differentiation, 105 body, 87, 136, 143 Dimensionlessness, 214 building block of subjects, 151 Disaffection, 176, 178, 184 citizen as, 217 Discipline, 229, 236, 237 consciousness, 195 Discipline and Punish (Foucault), 18 creation of humans, 36–51 Discourse, 211 exalted and, 154, 169, 278 Discursive being, 202 gaze of, 259 Disembodied attraction, 200 graph of, 28 Disintegration, 151–152 human as, 217 Disorder, 166 inner eye of, 261 Disowning Knowledge (Cavell), 205 internal time and, 91, 101 Dissection, 15 mediating term between Dissonance, spatial, 290 abject and exalted, 7 Distension in time, 88–90, 99 metamorphosis of, 262 Divine, 11–13, 22, 277 Michelangelo’s depiction of, 102 Divine violence, 114 nature and, 106 Divine will, 67 normative state, 286 Docility, 16, 239 observer as, 261 Domination relationship to time and space, 172 discourse of, 156 self-consciousness and, 151 temporalities of, 274 time and, 92, 157 Double-consciousness, 120, 126–127, to be of, 190 252, 260, 286 trajectory toward, 174 Double horizon of external and bodily white as, 217 space, 139 Elephant, dissection of, 15 Douglass, Frederick, x Ellison, Ralph, ix, 128, 243, 250 Du Bois, W.E.B., x, 20, 27, 122–131, Elongated subjectivity, 171 169, 252, 286 Empire of Necessity (Grandin), 222 Dust, see Soil Empirical consciousness, 192 Duties, 108–111, 116 Empowerment, 257 Emptiness, 204 Enemies, 15, 133–134 E Envy, 198 Economic, notion of, 193 Erasure, ontological, 291 Eden, Garden of, 42, 47, 55, 59, 64 Escape from slavery, 293 INDEX 327 Esposito, Robert, 311 Ex-native subject, 308 Essence Expectation, 97 loss of, 294 Experiences, 99, 199, 201 separated from body, 206 Expiation, 115 sublation of, 260 Exploitation, 241 Estates, 156 Expulsion, 69 Eternal recurrence, 75, 216 External recognition, 206 Eternity, 89, 90, 93, 94, 98 Extreme terms, 19, 148, 151, 155 European ideology, 182 Eyes, inner, 261 European sovereignty, 227 Eve, 38, 44, 55, 64, 68–69 Evil, 57, 73, 301 F Exalted Fall, the, 47–48, 54–55, 69, 85, 135, abject and, 6, 189 172, 265 abstract category, 19 False consciousness, 286 allure of, 171 False persona, 219, 234, 258 attributes of, 56 Fanon, Frantz, 20, 48, 147, 173, 191, authority and, 210 193, 213, 233, 251, 258, body, 140, 143 307–311 civil time and, 278 Fanon’s Dialectic of Experience collective nature of, 104 (Sekyi-Otu), 259 and creation of humans, 53–60 Farrington, Constance, 309–310 differentiation and, 105 Fate, 255 elemental and, 138, 140, 218 Father, primordial, 290 genealogy of, 75 Fear, 196 graph of, 28 Federalist Papers (Madison), 275 internal time and, 103–105 Feminism, 43 lawgiver as, 111 Fiats, 36 mortality and, 119 Fidelity, 205 relationship to collective, 142 Figureheads, 231, 249 second-sight of, 172 Finger of God, 66 secular embodiment of Godhead, 13 Finitude, 42, 55 secular possibility, 78 First degree consciousness, 194 separation from collective, 188, 212 First dimension of black man, 214 time, 278 First experience, 149–151 visual capacity of, 171 First look, 136 Exceptionality, 18, 107–108, 294 Flight, 185 Exclusion Flowing of time, 263 metaphysical, 63 Flux, 196, 203 space of, 56 Fold in experience, 304 Execution, see Death penalty “Follow Your Leader” (Strong), 231 Existence, multivalent, vii Forms, 138 328 INDEX Forrest, Leon, 245, 246, 249 Geographic confusion, 235 Foucault, Michel, 1–3, 11, 16–17, 41, Geometry, 27 184, 297, 319 Gestalt psychology, 138 Founding Fathers, 290 Giotto, 290 Fractured subjectivity, 250 God France, 282, 290–291 as craftsman, 58 Free black people, 238 judgment of, 114 Freeburg, Christopher, 240 laws of, 50 Freedom relationship to humans, 53–55 absolute, 294, 316 time and, 94 consciousness of, 259 vision of, 99 exalted and, 157 will of, 43, 315 internal temporality and, 106–108 Good lack of, 275 knowledge of, 57 lasting, 225 whiteness and, 165 ontological stuff of, 275 Gordon, Lewis, 174 response to slavery, 103 Gordon-Reed, Annette, 281, separation from, 276 284–286, 288–289 Freedom and Nature (Ricoeur), 103 Governance, coherent, 10–11 Freedom fighting, 227 Government, 277–278 Freedom in the Making of Western See also State Culture (Patterson), 103 Grandin, Greg, 222 Free will, 246 Greek tragedy, 256 French Revolution, 16, 224, 246, 250, Grey, 225 282, 300–301, 304, 309 Groove, the, 35 Fugitive slaves, 279 Guineaman, 226 Fullness, blackness as, 240 Guyer, Paul, 125 Future, distension of, 99 Futurity, 264 H Hachures, 215 G Haitian Revolution, Garden of Eden, 42, 47, 55, 244, 246, 273, 300–304, 59–60, 63–64 308–311 Garner, Margaret, 289 Ham, curse of, 73–78, 135 Gaze, 15, 136, 166, 201, 259 Hands, depiction of, 76 Genealogy, 58, 73, 75, 116, 127, Hand-to-hand combat, 15–16 131–133, 154–156, 171, 179, Hardship, 236 211, 216, 274, 281, 283, 287, Hartman, Saidiya, x 290–293, 300, 304 Hatchet polishers, 239 General will, 14, 105, 142 Hatred, 197, 202 Genesis, viii, 63–79, 89, 97, 100, 264 Haunting, x INDEX 329 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 4, non-being as, 188 6–9, 19, 24–26, 45, 48–51, 136, not-yet as, 188 145, 151–157, 195, 202, Othello as, 201, 207 312–314 permanent state, 262 Hegel, Haiti and Universal History place between figures, 2 (Buck-Morss), 302 point of transition between Hegel’s Practical Philosophy (Pippin), 45 ontological and material, 189 Hegel’s Rabble (Ruda), 155 poly-subjective form of, 209, 211 Hegemony, 105, 182 possibilities and dangers of, x Heidegger Change, ripening and, 190 The (Malabou), 168 space of regeneration, 310 Heidegger, Martin, 173, 178, 183, the Thing and, 9 186, 303–306 transitional nature of, 96, 260 Hellenistic thought, 185 transitional subjectivity as, 218 Hell, veritable, 309–311 transition to, 223 Helplessness, 228 typologies of, 201 Hemingses of Monticello, The vehicle from abject to elemental, 188 (Gordon-Reed), 281 Homo Sacer (Agamben), 16–18, 26, Hemings, Sally, 20, 281–295, 44–47, 62, 112, 281 302, 306 Horns, 36 Hendrick, Donald, 209 Hostis indicatio (public enemy), 134 Hermeneutics of the Subject Humanity, 178, 181, 215, 317 (Foucault), 184 Humans, representation of, 52 Heroes, revolutionary, 250 Human will, 67 Hibernation, 262 Husserl, Edmund, 84, 193, 196 Hierarchy, 117, 149–150, 222, 314 Hyper-affection, 148, 154 Historical existence, erasure of, 174 Hyperbolas, 27–28 History, 181 Hyper-disaffection, 148 History of Sexuality, The (Foucault), Hyper-self-affection, 141, 156, 171 16–17 Hypocrisy, 246, 273, 307 Hobbes, Thomas, 316 Holiness, 117, 118 Home, 262 I Homo liminalis Ideal, revolutionary, 243–246 abstraction of, 319 Ideas bare figure of, 179 material force of, 290 definition of, 297 unity with object, 207 depiction of, 65 Identity disintegration of, 151 black, 164 Hemings as, 285, 291 failure to mask, 260 living immortal human, 50 literary masking of, 273 negation of, 258 marginalized, 253 330 INDEX Identity (cont.) Introduction to the Reading of Hegel obscuring, 220 (Kojéve), 147 positive, 252 Intuition, 92, 101, 125 radical reconstruction of, ix Inversion, temporal, 303–305 recovery of, 234 Invisibility, 251 Ignorance, 99 Invisible Man (Ellison), ix, 128, 250 Imagination, 60, 97, 101, 152 Involuntary, 103, 139, 306 Immaculate conception, 280, 291 “I” of subaltern subject, 192 Immortality, 47, 54, 60, 94, 96–102 Islam, 211 “Imperfection of Michelangelo’s Isolation, genealogical, 132 Adam, The” (Barolsky), 65 I think, the, 192 Inalienability, 110 Iustitium (suspension of law), 134 Inclusion, separation from, 276 Incorruptibility, 248 Indifference, 184 J Indiscernibles, principle of, 2 Jacobinism, 246 Individual James, C.L.R., 212, 243 relationship to state, 224 Jameson, Frederick, 25 valuation of, 258 Japeth, 76 Individual time, 137, 141, 263 Jealousy, 198 Individual will, 105, 106, 109 Jeanson, Francis, 259 Indivisibility of sovereignty, 110 Jefferson, Thomas, 20, 276–295 Indulgence of bad behavior, 236 Joachim, 290 Infanticide, 289, 302 Judeo-Christian tradition, viii, 10 Inferiority complex, 193 Judy, Ronald, 27, 28, 241 Inferiority, ontological, 241 Juridical processes, 275, 280 Inferno (Dante), 174 Infinity, 41, 117 Inflection, points of, 120 K Inner eyes, 261 Kant (Guyer), 125 Innocence, 72 Kant, Immanuel, 91–93, 101–102, Insanity, 254 124–126, 192, 241, 301–303 Instability, 203, 205, 207, 212, 223, Kantorowicz, Ernst, 136, 143, 246, 262, 274–276, 282, 297, 317 171, 280 Instantaneous value, 23, 88, 264 King Institutions, 225 murder of, 301–303 Interactive states of being, 104 Negro and, 5 Intercession of material, 196 sovereignty and, 135 Internal enemy, 134 two bodies of, 171 Internal gaze, 166 See also Monarchs; Sovereigns Internal time, 84, 90, 93, 101, 108, King’s Two Bodies, The 124, 140, 152, 196, 264 (Kantorowicz), 171 Intervals of time, 23 Knowledge, 57, 98, 100, 146