Final Draft Environmental Assessment 13th Street Bridge Replacement at the Santa Ynez River Crossing Vandenberg Air Force Base, California 20 March 2015 30th Space Wing, Installation Management Flight 1028 Iceland Avenue, Bldg 11146 Vandenberg Air Force Base, California 93437 Final Draft Table of Contents 1 Purpose of and Need for the Proposed Action ................................................................ 1 1.1 Project Location................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Purpose and Need ............................................................................................................ 1 1.3 Scope of the Environmental Assessment ......................................................................... 5 1.4 Interagency and Intergovernmental Coordination and Consultation ............................. 5 2 Description of the Proposed Action and Alternatives ..................................................... 6 2.1 Selection Standards .......................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Alternative A: Proposed Action ........................................................................................ 6 2.2.1 Construction of New 13th Street Bridge .................................................................. 9 2.2.2 Demolition & Removal of Existing 13th Street Bridge ........................................... 15 2.2.3 Installation of Fiber Optic Cable ............................................................................. 18 2.2.4 Restoration of the 13th Street Bridge Project Area ............................................... 19 2.2.5 Wetland Mitigation Area ........................................................................................ 23 2.2.6 Project Equipment Needs ....................................................................................... 26 2.2.7 Environmental Protection Measures ..................................................................... 27 2.3 Alternative B: No-Action Alternative............................................................................. 43 2.4 Other Alternatives Considered and Eliminated from Further Analysis ......................... 43 2.4.1 13th Street Bridge Replacement ............................................................................ 43 2.4.2 Installation of Fiber Optic Cable ............................................................................. 44 2.4.3 Wetland Mitigation Area ........................................................................................ 44 3 Affected Environment .................................................................................................... 47 3.1 Air Quality ....................................................................................................................... 47 3.1.1 Definition of Resource ............................................................................................ 47 3.1.2 Federal Requirements ............................................................................................ 52 3.1.3 Local Requirements ................................................................................................ 53 3.2 Biological Resources ....................................................................................................... 54 3.2.1 Region of Influence................................................................................................. 54 3.2.2 Methodology .......................................................................................................... 54 3.2.3 Vegetation Resources ............................................................................................. 55 3.3 Waters of the United States and Wetlands ................................................................... 66 3.3.1 13th Street Bridge Project Area ............................................................................. 66 3.3.2 Wetland Mitigation Area ........................................................................................ 67 3.4 Cultural Resources.......................................................................................................... 68 3.4.1 Region of Influence................................................................................................. 68 3.4.2 Known Cultural Resources...................................................................................... 69 3.4.3 Archaeological Sites................................................................................................ 69 3.4.4 Cultural Resources Studies ..................................................................................... 70 3.5 Earth Resources .............................................................................................................. 72 3.5.1 Geology and Soils ................................................................................................... 72 Environmental Assessment Page i 13th Street Bridge Replacement at the Santa Ynez River Crossing Final Draft 3.5.2 Seismology .............................................................................................................. 73 3.5.3 Geological Hazards ................................................................................................. 73 3.6 Hazardous Materials and Waste Management ............................................................. 74 3.6.1 Hazardous Materials Management ........................................................................ 74 3.6.2 Hazardous Waste Management ............................................................................. 74 3.6.3 Installation Restoration Program ........................................................................... 74 3.6.4 Hazardous Materials and Waste Transport ........................................................... 75 3.7 Human Health and Safety .............................................................................................. 75 3.7.1 Noise ....................................................................................................................... 77 3.8 Land Use and Aesthetics ................................................................................................ 78 3.8.1 Regional Setting ...................................................................................................... 78 3.8.2 Project Area Setting ................................................................................................ 79 3.8.3 Coastal Zone Management .................................................................................... 79 3.9 Solid Waste Management .............................................................................................. 80 3.10 Transportation ................................................................................................................ 80 3.10.1 Region of Influence................................................................................................. 81 3.10.2 Project Traffic and Haul Routes .............................................................................. 81 3.11 Water Resources ............................................................................................................ 84 3.11.1 Region of Influence................................................................................................. 84 3.11.2 Surface Water and Floodplains .............................................................................. 85 3.11.3 Hydraulics ............................................................................................................... 85 3.11.4 Groundwater .......................................................................................................... 86 4 Environmental Consequences ....................................................................................... 88 4.1 Air Quality ....................................................................................................................... 88 4.1.1 Proposed Action ..................................................................................................... 89 4.1.2 No Action Alternative ............................................................................................. 92 4.2 Biological Resources ....................................................................................................... 92 4.2.1 Proposed Action ..................................................................................................... 93 4.2.2 No-Action Alternative ........................................................................................... 110 4.3 Cultural Resources........................................................................................................ 110 4.3.1 Proposed Action ................................................................................................... 110 4.3.2 No-Action Alternative ........................................................................................... 111 4.4 Earth Resources ............................................................................................................ 111 4.4.1 Proposed Action ................................................................................................... 111 4.4.2 No-Action Alternative ........................................................................................... 112 4.5 Hazardous Materials and Waste Management ........................................................... 112 4.5.1 Proposed Action ................................................................................................... 112 4.5.2 No-Action Alternative ........................................................................................... 113 4.6 Human Health and Safety (Noise) ................................................................................ 113 4.6.1 Proposed Action ................................................................................................... 113 4.6.2 No-Action Alternative ........................................................................................... 115 4.7 Land Use and Aesthetics .............................................................................................. 115 4.7.1 Proposed Action ................................................................................................... 116 Page ii Environmental Assessment 13th Street Bridge Replacement at the Santa Ynez River Crossing Final Draft 4.7.2 No-Action Alternative ........................................................................................... 117 4.8 Solid Waste Management ............................................................................................ 117 4.8.1 Proposed Action ................................................................................................... 117 4.8.2 No-Action Alternative ........................................................................................... 118 4.9 Transportation .............................................................................................................. 118 4.9.1 Proposed Action ................................................................................................... 119 4.9.2 No-Action Alternative ........................................................................................... 120 4.10 Water Resources .......................................................................................................... 120 4.10.1 Proposed Action ................................................................................................... 120 4.10.2 No-Action Alternative ........................................................................................... 125 4.11 Cumulative Impacts ...................................................................................................... 125 4.11.1 Past, Present, and Reasonably Foreseeable Future Actions in the Region of Influence ............................................................................................................... 125 4.11.2 Proposed Action ................................................................................................... 126 4.11.3 No Action Alternative ........................................................................................... 129 5 List of Preparers ........................................................................................................... 130 6 List of Agencies, Organizations, and Persons Contacted ............................................. 131 7 Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 132 Appendices APPENDIX A: Interagency and Intergovernmental Coordination for Environmental Planning APPENDIX B: SHPO Consultation APPENDIX C: Native American Tribal Consultation APPENDIX D: USFWS Consultation APPENDIX E: NMFS Consultation APPENDIX F: Species Observed During Field Surveys APPENDIX G: Assessment of Wetland Habitats at the 13th Street Bridge Demolition and Replacement Site and the Wetland Mitigation Area APPENDIX H: Compensatory Mitigation and Monitoring Plan APPENDIX I: California Coastal Commission Consultation Environmental Assessment Page iii 13th Street Bridge Replacement at the Santa Ynez River Crossing Final Draft Figures Figure 1-1. Regional location of VAFB. ........................................................................................... 3 Figure 1-2. Proposed Action Area and vicinity. .............................................................................. 4 Figure 2-1. Proposed layout of the new 13th Street Bridge and fiber optic cable installation. .... 8 Figure 2-2. Typical representation of the prestressed concrete box girder and pier (for conceptual purposes).................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 2-3. New bridge design overview ..................................................................................... 12 Figure 2-4. Sample cross sections of approach roadways. .......................................................... 15 Figure 2-5. Existing 13th Street Bridge piers; view from north-east bank. ................................. 17 Figure 2-6. Three of the eight existing 13th Street Bridge piers; view from south-west bank. .. 17 Figure 2-7. Existing north abutment: riprap, gabion baskets, concrete abutment, and steel wall. ....................................................................................................................................................... 18 Figure 2-8. Conduit to be installed at a minimum of 25 ft below the riverbed under the Santa Ynez River. ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Figure 2-9. Alternative alignments considered during bridge design type selection. ................. 46 Figure 3-1. Overview of vegetation types and Waters of the U.S. within the 13th Street Bridge Project Area. ................................................................................................................................. 56 Figure 3-2. Vegetation types and Waters of the U.S. within the Wetland Mitigation Area. ....... 57 Figure 3-3. Main access and transportation routes associated with the Proposed Action......... 83 Figure 3-4. Santa Ynez River basin 100-year floodplain. ............................................................. 87 Page iv Environmental Assessment 13th Street Bridge Replacement at the Santa Ynez River Crossing Final Draft Tables Table 2-1. Alignment selection considerations from type selection of bridge design. ............... 44 Table 3-1. Ambient air quality standards. .................................................................................... 50 Table 3-2. Ambient air quality measurements. ........................................................................... 52 Table 4-1. Proposed Action construction emissions (tons/year)................................................. 90 Table 4-2. Proposed Action GHG emissions. ................................................................................ 92 Environmental Assessment Page v 13th Street Bridge Replacement at the Santa Ynez River Crossing Final Draft Acronyms and Abbreviations 30 CES/CENPL 30th Space Wing, Engineering Flight, Comprehensive Planning 30 CES/CEIEA 30th Space Wing, Installation Management Flight, Environmental Conservation 30 CES/CEIEC 30th Space Wing, Installation Management Flight, Environmental Compliance 30 CES/CEOIU 30th Space Wing, Operations Management Flight, Utilities 30 MDG/SGOJ 30th Space Wing, Medical Group, Bioenvironmental Engineering 30 SW/CC Commander, 30th Space Wing 30 SWP 30th Space Wing Plan AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic AB Assembly Bill ADT Average Daily Traffic AFOSH Air Force Occupational Safety and Health AICUZ Air Installation Compatible Use Zone AIRFA American Indian Religious Freedom Act AOC Area of Concern AOI Area of Interest APE Area of Potential Effects APZ Accident Potential Zone Base Vandenberg Air Force Base BASH Bird Air Strike Hazard BCC USFWS Bird Species of Conservation Concern Bldg building BMC Burton Mesa chaparral BMC/CCS mixed Burton Mesa chaparral and central coast scrub BMPs Best Management Practices CAA Clean Air Act CAAA Clean Air Act Amendments CAAQS California Ambient Air Quality Standards CADC California Avian Data Center Cal EPA California Environmental Protection Agency CAP Consolidated Accumulation Point CARB California Air Resources Board CCA California Coastal Act CCC California Coastal Commission CCR California Code of Regulations CCS central coast scrub CCS/NNG mixed central coast scrub/non-native grassland C&D construction and demolition CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife Page vi Environmental Assessment 13th Street Bridge Replacement at the Santa Ynez River Crossing Final Draft CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act CEQ Council on Environmental Quality cfs cubic feet per second CFR Code of Federal Regulations CH methane 4 CIDH cast-in-drilled-hole CIWMB California Integrated Waste Management Board CNDDB California Natural Diversity Database CNG compressed natural gas CO carbon monoxide CO carbon dioxide 2 CSC California Species of Special Concern CSM coastal salt marsh CMU concrete masonry unit CRLF California red-legged frog CSB County of Santa Barbara CWA Clean Water Act CY cubic yards CZMA Coastal Zone Management Act dB decibel dBA A-weighted decibel dbh diameter at breast height DO dissolved oxygen DOD Department of Defense DOT Department of Transportation EMS Environmental Management System EO Executive Order EOD Explosive Ordnance Disposal EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPMs Environmental Protection Measures EPP Environmental Protection Plan ESA Endangered Species Act FE federally endangered FOC fiber optic cable FONSI Finding of No Significant Impact FONPA Finding of No Practicable Alternative FPCON Force Protection Conditions FR Federal Register ft foot or feet FT federally threatened FWM fresh water marsh GHG greenhouse gas GIS Geographic Information System Environmental Assessment Page vii 13th Street Bridge Replacement at the Santa Ynez River Crossing Final Draft GPS global positioning system GWP global warming potential HazMart Hazardous Materials Pharmacy HFC hydroflourocarbon HMMP Hazardous Materials Management Plan HS hydrogen sulfide IES Illuminating Engineering Society IICEP Interagency and Intergovernmental Coordination for Environmental Planning ICRMP Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan INRMP Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan IRP Installation Restoration Program km kilometer L liter LCZ Lateral Clear Zone LED light emitting diode LEED Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design LNG liquefied natural gas LOS Level of Service m meter m2 square meters MBTA Migratory Bird Treaty Act mg milligram MH maintenance hole MRC Midway Research Center MS4 Small Municipal Separate Stormwater Sewer System MSRS ManTech SRS Technologies, Inc. N O nitrous oxide 2 NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NAGPRA Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act NCA Noise Control Act NEPA National Environmental Policy Act NG native grassland NHPA National Historic Preservation Act NMFS National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service NOI Notice of Intent NNB non-native broadleaf NNG non-native grassland NO nitrogen dioxide 2 NO oxides of nitrogen x NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NRHP National Register of Historic Places NSF National Sanitation Foundation, International Page viii Environmental Assessment 13th Street Bridge Replacement at the Santa Ynez River Crossing